Tumor initiating cells (TICs), responsible for tumor initiation, and cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for tumor expansion and propagation, are often resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. To find therapeutic targets against sarcoma initiating and propagating cells we used models of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) developed from human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs), which constitute the most likely cell-of-origin for sarcoma. We found that SP1-mediated transcription was among the most significantly altered signaling. To inhibit SP1 activity, we used EC-8042, a mithramycin (MTM) analog (mithralog) with enhanced anti-tumor activity and highly improved safety. EC-8042 inhibited the growth of TIC cultures, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and upregulated the adipogenic factor CEBPα. SP1 knockdown was able to mimic the anti-proliferative effects induced by EC-8042. Importantly, EC-8042 was not recognized as a substrate by several ABC efflux pumps involved in drug resistance, and, opposite to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, repressed the expression of many genes responsible for the TIC/CSC phenotype, including SOX2, C-MYC, NOTCH1 and NFκB1. Accordingly, EC-8042, but not doxorubicin, efficiently reduced the survival of CSC-enriched tumorsphere sarcoma cultures. In vivo, EC-8042 induced a profound inhibition of tumor growth associated to a strong reduction of the mitotic index and the induction of adipogenic differentiation and senescence. Finally, EC-8042 reduced the ability of tumor cells to reinitiate tumor growth. These data suggest that EC-8042 could constitute an effective treatment against both TIC and CSC subpopulations in sarcoma.

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On April 22, 2016 Alligator Bioscience AB is a privately held Swedish biotech company developing immuno-oncology antibodies for directed immunotherapy of cancer (Press release, Alligator Bioscience, APR 22, 2016, View Source [SID1234538693]). Alligator reported that it granted Johnson & Johnson an exclusive, worldwide license to Alligator’s clinical candidate ADC-1013 in an agreement entered in August 2015.

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According to this agreement, Janssen will be responsible for developing ADC-1013 and will assume responsibility for the clinical studies once the ongoing, by Alligator sponsored Phase I dose escalation study is completed. Janssen will have exclusive rights to develop and commercialize ADC-1013 initially targeting a number of solid tumors and hematological cancers and will assume responsibility for all additional research, development, manufacturing, regulatory and commercialization activities.
There has been an amendment of the protocol to expand the current Phase I Clinical Study to include a systemic administration arm. This entitles Alligator to a milestone payment of USD 5M.
Separately Janssen and Alligator have also entered a research collaboration to broaden the pre-clinical data package of ADC-1013. Janssen will reimburse Alligator for 2.5 FTEs and running expenses under this agreement.
"It is very encouraging for the ADC-1013 project and the ongoing Phase I studies that the trials are progressing extremely well and are being expanded by a systemic administration arm. This will give us and our partner Janssen important information for the future development of ADC-1013" said Per Norlén CEO at Alligator Bioscience.

For further information, please contact:
Per Norlén, CEO Alligator Bioscience AB, Office number: +46 46 2864280

About ADC-1013
ADC-1013 is an agonistic fully human monoclonal antibody targeting CD40, an immuno-stimulatory receptor found on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells. Stimulation of CD40 on dendritic cells initiates a process leading to a dramatic increase in T effector cells attacking the tumor. In addition, a tumor-specific memory is established, leading to long-term immunity to the cancer.

This press release contains forward-looking statements, consisting of subjective assumptions and forecasts for the future, and estimates are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties.

(Filing, 10-K, Protalix, 2015, APR 22, 2016, View Source [SID:1234511363])

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OnApril 22, 2016 Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE MKT: PVCT, www.pvct.com), a clinical-stage oncology and dermatology biopharmaceutical company ("Provectus" or "the Company"), reported that researchers from Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida, presented a poster titled, "T cell Mediated Immunity After Combination Therapy with Intralesional PV-10 and Co-Inhibitory Blockade in a Melanoma Model," at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting 2016, held at the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, Louisiana (Press release, Provectus Pharmaceuticals, APR 22, 2016, https://www.pvct.com/pressrelease.html?article=20160422.1 [SID:1234511391]).

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In the poster, authors Amy M Weber, Hao Liu, Krithika Kodumudi, Amod A Sarnaik and Shari Pilon-Thomas state that "treatment with IL PV-10 and anti-PD-1 antibody results in a delay in tumor growth and enhanced T cell activation in the M05 tumor model." They also conclude that "the effect of combination therapy with IL PV-10 and PD-1 blockade is mediated by CD8+ T cells, and depletion of either CD4+ T cells or CD25+ Tregs enhances anti-tumor immunity in the M05 melanoma model." The abstract of the poster (number 4978) may be viewed at View Source;sKey=2923b796-8c3a-4376-8adb-7b669b666d8f&cKey=727ae663-75cd-4102-8a98-34de39d3a95f&mKey=1d10d749-4b6a-4ab3-bcd4-f80fb1922267.

Shari Pilon-Thomas, Ph.D., who leads the research team at Moffitt, noted, "Our results show that combining intralesional PV-10 with anti-PD-1 co-inhibitory blockade not only suppresses tumor growth vs. either agent alone but also yields marked increases in tumor-specific T cell activation against injected tumor."

Eric Wachter, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer of Provectus, observed, "The nonclinical data reported by our collaborators at Moffitt reaffirm the crucial role T cells play in response to tumor ablation with intralesional PV-10, and further demonstrate the potential value of combining PV-10 with T cell directed checkpoint inhibition, such as the anti-PD-1 agent pembrolizumab. Intriguingly, these data also highlight possible strategies for augmenting this paradigm by harnessing additional targets in T cell signaling."

Provectus is currently enrolling patients in a phase 3 study of PV-10 as a single agent therapy for patients with locally advanced cutaneous melanoma (Clinical Trials ID NCT02288897) and in a phase 1b study of PV-10 in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic melanoma (Clinical Trials ID NCT02557321).

About the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper)

The mission of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) is to prevent and cure cancer through research, education, communication, and collaboration. Through its programs and services, the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) fosters research in cancer and related biomedical science; accelerates the dissemination of new research findings among scientists and others dedicated to the conquest of cancer; promotes science education and training; and advances the understanding of cancer etiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment throughout the world.

The AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) is the oldest and largest scientific organization in the world focused on every aspect of high-quality, innovative cancer research. Its reputation for scientific breadth and excellence attract the premier researchers in the field. The programs and services of the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) foster the exchange of knowledge and new ideas among scientists dedicated to cancer research, provide training opportunities for the next generation of cancer researchers, and increase public understanding of cancer.

The high rate of failure of new agents in oncology clinical trials indicates a weak understanding of the complexity of human cancer. Recent understanding of the mechanisms underlying castration resistance in prostate cancer led to the development of new agents targeting the androgen receptor pathway; however, their effectiveness is limited. Hence, there is a need for experimental systems that are able to better reproduce the biological diversity of prostate cancer in preclinical settings. In this study, we established a unique patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model to identify biomarkers for treatment efficacy and resistance and better understand prostate cancer biology.
A prostate cancer tissue sample from a Japanese patient was transplanted subcutaneously into male, severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice and this PDX mouse model was named KUCaP3. Sequential tumor volume changes were observed before and after castration. Androgen receptor (AR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and other molecular markers were examined immunohistochemically. Sequence analysis of AR was also performed to detect mutations. Proteomic analysis of cyst fluid and sera samples of KUCaP3 mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS).
KUCaP3 cell line, derived from human tissue, was successfully and serially passaged in vivo with approximately 60% take rate. KUCaP3 exhibited cyst formation, showed androgen-dependent growth initially, and developed castration-resistant growth several months after castration of the mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that KUCaP3 was positive for AR, PSA, CK18, and α-methyl acyl-coenzyme A racemase, but negative for CK5/6 and ERG. The AR gene in KUCaP3 cells contained a substitution from CAT (histidine) to TAT (tyrosine) at the nucleotide positions corresponding to codon 875 (H875Y) in the ligand-binding domain. Chemiluminescent immunoassay revealed higher levels of PSA in cystic fluid and the serum of KUCaP3-bearing mice. MS analysis detected 23 proteins of human origin in cystic fluids of KUCaP3.
We developed KUCaP3, an androgen-dependent PDX model with cyst formation. Several proteins including PSA were detected in the cystic fluid and sera of tumor-bearing mice. This original PDX model has the potential to be used as a clinically relevant model to evaluate molecular markers for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Prostate © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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