On April 18, 2018 Trillium Therapeutics Inc. (Nasdaq/TSX: TRIL), a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company developing innovative therapies for the treatment of cancer, reported that preclinical data from its TTI-622 (SIRPa-IgG4 Fc) immune checkpoint inhibitor program were presented at the 109th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) (Press release, Trillium Therapeutics, APR 18, 2018, View Source [SID1234525500]).

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TTI-622 (SIRPa-IgG4 Fc) is the second SIRPaFc decoy receptor that Trillium is advancing into the clinic. It consists of the CD47-binding domain of human SIRPa linked to an IgG4 Fc region and is being developed primarily for combination therapy.

The data presented at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) demonstrate that TTI-622 induces the phagocytosis of a broad panel of tumor cells derived from patients with both hematological and solid tumors. As a monotherapy, TTI-622 treatment resulted in decreased tumor growth and improved survival in a B cell lymphoma xenograft model, and enhanced the efficacy of cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and daratumumab (anti-CD38) antibodies in solid and hematological xenograft models, respectively. Unlike CD47-blocking antibodies, TTI-622 bound minimally to human erythrocytes and did not induce hemagglutination in vitro.

"The preclinical data presented at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) reinforce our confidence in this target and provide a solid foundation for initiating a clinical program with TTI-622," said Dr. Niclas Stiernholm, President and CEO of Trillium Therapeutics. This second SIRPaFc decoy receptor complements TTI-621, and allows us to evaluate the effects of CD47 blockade using different levels of Fc receptor engagement. Importantly, we believe the minimal binding of TTI-622 to human red blood cells distinguishes this agent from other IgG4-based CD47 targeted therapies."

A two-part, multicenter, open-label, phase 1a/1b study of TTI-622 in patients with advanced relapsed or refractory lymphoma or multiple myeloma is being initiated, with the first patient expected to be dosed in Q2 2018. In the phase 1a dose-escalation study, patients will be enrolled in sequential dose cohorts to receive TTI-622 once weekly to characterize safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose. In the phase 1b study, patients will be treated with TTI-622 in combination with rituximab, a PD-1 inhibitor or a proteasome inhibitor-containing regimen.

On April 18, 2018 OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ:OMED), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics, presented preclinical data during the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting related to two of its therapeutic candidates, anti-TIGIT (OMP-313M32), currently in the Phase 1a portion of a Phase 1a/b study, and GITRL-Fc trimer (OMP-336B11), currently in a Phase 1a study (Press release, OncoMed, APR 18, 2018, View Source [SID1234525498]). In addition, preclinical data was presented exploring the ability of OncoMed’s Wnt antagonist vantictumab (anti-FZD, OMP-18R5) to potentiate immune responses to checkpoint agents.

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TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor that binds to PVR ligand, a protein broadly expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating cells, and, in doing so, blocks T-cell activation. OncoMed’s presentation (Abstract 5627) showed that anti-TIGIT treatment reduced the abundance of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) within tumors in animal models, and mechanistic studies demonstrated an important contribution of effector function for anti-tumor efficacy. "These investigations highlight the potential of our anti-TIGIT antibody," said Ann Kapoun, Ph.D., OncoMed’s Vice President of Translational Medicine. "These translational research efforts inform our biomarker strategies and may help us identify patients whose tumors are most likely to benefit from our therapeutic candidates."

A series of preclinical studies (Abstract 70, Abstract 2726, Abstract 3826) from OncoMed highlighted the ability of GITRL-Fc, a novel linkerless ligand trimer that binds to the co-stimulatory receptor GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein), to function as a robust GITR agonist by both stimulating T-cell and NK responses and reducing the abundance of Tregs in tumors. The studies also investigated the impact of aging on anti-tumor immune response, an important and often underappreciated parameter impacting the efficacy of immuno-oncology strategies.

Another preclinical study (Abstract 1733) examined the synergistic impact of OncoMed’s Wnt pathway antagonist vantictumab on the ability of checkpoint agents to promote an effective anti-tumor immune response. These data add to a growing recognition of the importance of the Wnt pathway in shaping immune function.

"The data detailed in these AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) presentations exemplify the ongoing extensive efforts to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of action of our agents" said Austin Gurney Ph.D., OncoMed’s Senior Vice President of Research and Chief Scientific Officer. "With both our anti-TIGIT and GITRL-Fc programs advancing in Phase 1 studies, these research efforts will have direct impact on informing our clinical programs."

Below are additional highlights from the OncoMed poster presentations:

Abstract 5627 – Anti-TIGIT biomarker study: Inhibition of TIGIT induces loss of Tregs from tumors and requires effector function for tumor growth inhibition

Using a surrogate anti-TIGIT antibody, potent single-agent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy was demonstrated on large established CT26 WT tumors. Anti-TIGIT efficacy was shown to require effector function for tumor growth inhibition and biomarker analysis demonstrated reduction of Treg frequency and activation of T-cells and NK cells as part of the mechanism of action of anti-TIGIT. CD226, a co-receptor for TIGIT’s ligands PVR and PVRL2, was significantly upregulated in T-cells, Tregs and NK cells, reflecting a feedback loop activated by the inhibition of TIGIT activity. Anti-TIGIT gene signatures in tumors and in blood were identified from multiple syngeneic models and may be potential biomarkers for measuring anti-TIGIT activity. Additionally in a human tissue study, TIGIT expression on Tregs was found to be considerably higher than on CD8+ T-cells in multiplexed IHC panels across a panel of multiple solid tumors types.

Abstract #70 – Effect of aging on the antitumor activity of GITRL-Fc

It is now appreciated that the immune system changes in response to aging. In this study, the activity of GITRL-Fc protein was compared in both young and older mice. Compared to young mice, tumors grew faster in older mice. This may be due in part to an observed greater prevalence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in older mice. GITRL-Fc significantly inhibited tumor growth in both older and younger mice with efficacy more pronounced in young mice. In older mice, GITRL-Fc (mIgG2a) was still able to deplete Tregs in tumor and increase Tregs in the spleen as has been previously shown with GITRL-Fc in young mice. A GITRL-Fc protein deficient in effector function (mIgG2a (N297A)) did not deplete Tregs in the tumor but did retain anti-tumor growth activity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Treg depletion and activation of GITR signaling contribute to the anti-tumor efficacy of GITRL-Fc in older mice.

Abstract #2726 – In vitro functional activity of OMP-336B11, a GITRL-Fc fusion protein, on primary human immune cells

In this study, functional characterization of OMP-336B11 in various human immune cell assays was presented. OMP-336B11 enhanced activated human T-cell proliferation and augmented IL-2 induced IFNγ from human NK cells. Notably, OMP-336B11 demonstrated superior activity compared to agonist anti-GITR antibodies. OMP-336B11 is designed with an IgG1 Fc domain in order to elicit NK-mediated cytotoxicity of high GITR-expressing cells (i.e., Tregs). Co-incubation of primary human NK cells (effector) and GITR expressing cells (target) resulted in an OMP-336B11 dependent dose-titratable increase in target cytotoxicity.

Abstract #3826 – GITRL-Fc biomarker and mechanism study: GITRL-Fc reduces Treg frequency in tumors and requires effector function for inhibition of tumor growth

Using a surrogate GITRL-Fc molecule, potent single agent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy was demonstrated on large established CT26.WT tumors. Biomarker analysis showed that loss of Tregs, activation of T-cells and Fc-mediated effector function are key elements in the mechanism of action of the molecule. Immuno-phenotyping of tumor-associated immune cells revealed a reduction in Treg frequency in the tumor by 24 hours post-dose that was maintained at 7 and 14 days. GITRL-Fc treatment increased proliferation and activation markers on tumor-associated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, suggesting an increased cytotoxic environment within the tumor. GITRL-Fc gene signatures were identified in tumors and blood from multiple syngeneic models and may be used as potential biomarkers along with multiplexed IHC panels (e.g. GITR+CD4+ T-cells, GITR+CD8+ T-cells) that were developed. Additional studies comparing intratumoral (IT) vs intraperitoneal GITRL-Fc injection demonstrated both routes of administration produced similar efficacy, suggesting IT administration may be an alternative route of administration.

Abstract #1733 – Wnt antagonists synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance anti-tumor responses

While enhanced Wnt signaling has been shown to play a major role in cancer stem cell biology, more recent studies have implicated Wnt in the development of resistance to anti-tumor immune responses. In murine tumor models, targeting Wnt signaling using the Fzd receptor monoclonal antagonist antibody vantictumab in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD1 induces enhanced anti-tumor responses leading to decreased tumor volume and increased infiltration of activated CD8+ T-cells into the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the data showed that combined Wnt and immune checkpoint inhibition decreased Tregs and immune suppressive myeloid cell populations, enhanced cytotoxic T-cell activity and increased antigen presentation by APCs. These results suggest that co-targeting Wnt and immune checkpoint proteins may provide valuable opportunities for novel combination strategies for immunotherapeutic clinical development.

These posters are available on the Pipeline section of OncoMed’s website, www.oncomed.com.

Additional information on the meeting can be found on the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) website www.aacr.org.

On April 18, 2018 MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: MBVX), a clinical-stage oncology drug development company, reported that three poster presentations on the Company’s antibody development programs were made at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting being held April 14-18, 2018 in Chicago, Illinois at McCormick Place (Press release, MabVax, APR 18, 2018, View Source [SID1234525497]).

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MabVax Therapeutics Logo (PRNewsfoto/MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, I)

Paul Maffuid, Ph.D., Executive Vice President of Research and Development of MabVax, stated, "We successfully shared the significant progress we have made through these clinical and preclinical studies that continue to establish our growing body of data supporting the development of MVT-1075 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and other CA19-9 cancers, MVT-2163 as a immunoPET imaging agent, and our most advanced research program focused on the Tn and sTn cancer antigen targets."

MabVax Poster Presentation Details

Jonah Rainey, Ph.D., Executive Director, Antibody Research at MabVax presented a poster on Sunday April 15th entitled: "A fully human antibody binds Tn and sTn carbohydrate antigens specifically on serine residues, without need for polypeptide interaction."

Dr. Rainey’s presentation included results from the Company’s successful human antibody discovery and engineering efforts that resulted in creating a panel of anti-Tn antibodies with specificity and affinity for the Tn and sTn epitopes. This observation was confirmed by a binding array analysis performed by a well-known independent academic based consortium. These antibodies bind preferentially to a particular presentation of the Tn epitope that exhibits a pharmaceutically useful pattern that is expressed on ovarian and breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer.

Paul Maffuid, Ph.D., Executive Vice President, Research & Development MabVax Therapeutics presented a poster on Tuesday April 17th entitled: "Phase 1 dose escalation study of 177Lu-HuMab-5B1 (MVT-1075) in combination with MVT-5873 as radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in subjects with relapsed / refractory pancreatic cancer or other CA19-9+ malignancies."

Dr. Maffuid’s presentation summarized results from the first cohort of three patients treated in the Phase 1 clinical trial of the Company’s MVT-1075 radiopharmaceutical product in late stage pancreatic cancer. These results at the initial dose support a high uptake of the on-target lesions with a prolonged time of residence and accumulation on target lesions. The predominant treatment-related toxicities in the first cohort included expected and manageable (Grade 1-3) changes in hematologic and liver function parameters.

Though the current data set is small, clinical biodistribution studies with the immunoPET imaging agent MVT-2163 in a prior Phase 1 study were used to successfully predict the absorbed organ doses of MVT-1075 and in particular red marrow which is the dose limiting organ. In addition, the studies completed to date were sufficient to establish a fractionated dosing schedule of MVT-1075 combined with image-based dosimetry as a feasible RIT Phase 1 dosing strategy, permitting within cycle patient specific dose adjustments to achieve a selected target red marrow exposure. A fourth patient has been treated in a second cohort at a planned escalated dose.

Jonah Rainey, Ph.D., Executive Director, Antibody Research at MabVax was a co-presenting author of a second poster on Tuesday April 17th entitled: "PEGylated Hyaluronidase Increases Tumor Uptake of 89Zr-DFO-HuMab-5B1 (MVT-2163) in a CA19-9 Positive Hyaluronan-Accumulating Pancreatic Cancer Model"

This poster was the result of a preclinical collaboration with Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. combining the use of MabVax’s immunoPET imaging agent MVT-2163 with Halozyme’s PEGylated Hyaluronidase, PEGPH20 to determine if the enzymatic degradation of HA could improve the uptake of MVT-2163 on tumor lesions as measured by in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo gamma counting, in a CA19-9-positive, HA-rich human pancreatic tumor xenograft model. PEGPH20 increased both the tumor uptake and the tumor-to-liver ratios of MVT-2163 as well as decreased liver uptake in a CA19-9 positive xenograft mouse model of HA-accumulating pancreatic cancer. The increased tumor uptake and the decreased liver uptake support further investigation into the potential diagnostic utility for the combination of PEGPH20 and MVT-2163.

To access the three full abstracts, please click here.

About MVT-1075

MVT-1075 is a radioimmunotherapy product that combines established efficacy of radiation therapy with tumor specific targeting. MVT-1075 has the potential to deliver a more potent HuMab-5B1-based product, by using small doses of a radioisotope coupled to the Company’s MVT-5873 antibody to target pancreatic cancer cells and kill them.

About the HuMab-Tn Antibody Targeting Tn and sTn

HuMab-Tn is a fully human antibody discovered by MabVax from a patient vaccinated with a pool of cancer glycans, including Tn. The antibody has been affinity-matured and demonstrates highly selective Tn/sTn glycan binding. Further, the antibody recognizes a wide array of cancers, particularly ovarian and breast including approximately 90% of triple negative breast cancers tested.

About MVT-2163

MVT-2163 is an immunoPET imaging agent product that combines the established PET imaging capabilities of 89Zr with HuMab-5B1 tumor specific targeting. It has the potential to aid in identifying the best surgical treatment options for patients with pancreatic cancer and as a potential companion diagnostic with treatment options.

On April 18, 2018 Heat Biologics, Inc. (NASDAQ: HTBX), a biopharmaceutical company developing drugs designed to activate a patient’s immune system against cancer, reported an upcoming clinical milestones for HS-110 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its ComPACT platform, as well its Pelican subsidiary’s co-stimulator antibody, PTX-35 (Press release, Heat Biologics, APR 18, 2018, View Source [SID1234525496]).

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Anticipated Phase 2 NSCLC milestones include an interim data readout in Q4 2018 and a final Phase 2 data readout in Q2 2019, followed by a Phase 3-ready NSCLC program in Q3 2019. Expected PTX-35 milestones include receipt of $6.9 million in CPRIT grant funds to support the enrollment of the first patient in a Phase 1 clinical trial in Q1 2019 and an interim data readout in Q3 2019. Additionally, Heat plans on enrolling its first patient in its ComPACT trial in Q4 2018 and anticipates an interim data readout in Q2 2019.

Jeff Wolf, Heat’s CEO, commented, "The next four quarters are shaping up to be very exciting, with events that we believe will be transformational for our company. Earlier this year we reported positive interim results from the Phase 2 study investigating HS-110 in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb’s anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab (Opdivo), in patients with advanced NSCLC. We observed some potentially very exciting data with this combination that points to the opportunity to use this combined therapy in a very underserved population of NSCLC patients."

"Given all the recent progress, I am pleased to announce these upcoming milestones for the next 4 quarters. Importantly, we believe each of these milestones will help drive shareholder value. At the same time, we are witnessing advancements in the immuno-oncology landscape that are resulting in a growing interest in our technology across the industry, and, hence, we strongly believe our assets will play an important role in the future of combination immunotherapies."

Anticipated milestones:

Q3 2018:

Receive $6.9M in CPRIT (Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas) grant funds
Q4 2018:

Interim Phase 2 NSCLC data readout
IND filing for first ComPACT trial
Enroll first patient in ComPACT trial
Q1 2019:

PTX-35 IND filing
Enroll first patient in PTX-35 trial
Q2 2019:

Complete enrollment in Phase 2 NSCLC trial
Phase 2 NSCLC data readout
Interim ComPACT data readout
Q3 2019:

Interim PTX-35 data readout

On April 18, 2018 Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE AMERICAN:ATNM) ("Actinium" or "the Company"), reported that it has expanded its clinical development team with hiring of Vijay Reddy, M.D., Ph.D. as Vice President, Clinical Development, who will focus on Actinium’s clinical programs centered on targeted myeloablation (Press release, Actinium Pharmaceuticals, APR 18, 2018, View Source [SID1234525495]). Actinium is differentiating itself by developing the only multi-disease, multi-target pipeline of drug candidates focused on improving bone marrow transplant access and outcomes through improved myeloablation which includes the Company’s lead program, Iomab-B, that is being studied in the Pivotal Phase 3 SIERRA study and its planned Phase 2 Actimab-MDS trial.

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Dr. Mark Berger, Actinium’s Chief Medical Officer said, "I am incredibly excited to welcome Dr. Reddy, Dr. Safavi and Ms. McNamara to Actinium’s clinical development team. Vijay brings extensive clinical experience in the field of bone marrow transplant along with hematology focused drug development experience. His deep domain expertise and knowledge will allow us to capitalize on the many opportunities in myeloablation, for which our drug candidates and Actinium Warhead Enabling technology are ideally suited. Farnoush has a strong background in clinical trial execution and a proven ability to drive clinical trial enrollment, which will be of great benefit as we work to complete the SIERRA trial and launch new trials such as Actimab-MDS. Kathleen possesses a strong clinical nursing background, drug development experience and significant experience in the administration of complex therapies that will be well received by the SIERRA sites she supports. I am confident that collectively and individually, Dr. Reddy, Dr. Safavi and Ms. McNamara will make invaluable contributions that will allow us to continue to build on Actinium’s leadership position in myeloablation."

Dr. Reddy said, "As a transplant physician I am keenly aware of Iomab-B and its value proposition for patients, so it is incredibly exciting to have the opportunity to help bring this important targeted therapy against acute myeloid leukemia to patients with a clear need that can benefit from a BM. Actinium has done a fantastic job in the execution of the SIERRA trial thus far, as evidenced by participation of many of the leading BMT centers. In addition, expansion of the myeloablation programs with the planned Actimab-MDS trial represents a compelling opportunity. I am incredibly excited by the opportunities that lie ahead for Actinium and look forward to working with Dr. Berger and my new colleagues to build the leading myeloablation company."

Sandesh Seth, Actinium’s Chairman and CEO said, "Actinium is committed to being the leading company focused on myeloablation that improves access to and outcomes from potentially lifesaving bone marrow transplants. What started as a single asset in Iomab-B has evolved into a myeloablation franchise with the only multi-disease multitarget pipeline in myeloablation. The addition of Dr. Reddy, Dr. Safavi and Ms. McNamara will allow us to execute on the critical milestones for our pivotal Phase 3 trial for Iomab-B, efficiently launch our planned Phase 2 Actimab-MDS trial and capitalize on other opportunities in the field. We are incredibly excited for the talent we have assembled within Actinium and are motivated to make great advances with our drug candidates and technologies to better outcomes for patients."

Dr. Reddy has specialized in hematologic oncology with a Ph.D. in cancer immunology who focused his clinical practice in the area of bone marrow transplantation. Dr. Reddy was attending physician at Shands Hospital, University of Florida, and the Medical Director for adult BMT program in Orlando, prior to his starting in industry. He has served as inspector for the Foundation of Accreditation of Cellular Therapies (FACT). He is currently an Editorial Board Member for Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and has authored over 50 publications in hematology/oncology and BMT journals.

Dr. Reddy joins Actinium from Pharmacyclics LLC, an Abbvie company, where he was Senior Medical Director, Oncology Medical Affairs. In this role, Dr. Reddy worked on the Ibrutinib program in CLL, MCL and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD), along with additional indications. Previously, he worked at Medimmune (AstraZeneca) as Medical Director, Early clinical development, Immuno-Oncology R&D. Prior to Medimmune, Dr. Reddy worked at Janssen, a Johnson & Johnson company as Medical Director, Oncology. Prior to his experience in the pharmaceutical industry, Dr. Reddy was Professor of Medicine at the University of Central Florida. As a practicing clinician, Dr. Reddy participated in several clinical trials for BMT as an investigator, physician advisor or advisory board member.

Dr. Reddy received his M.B., B.S. (M.D. equivalent) from the Madras Medical College in India and his Ph.D. in cancer immunology from Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada. He completed fellowships in hematology at The Princess Margaret Hospital and in Blood and Marrow Transplantation at the University of Toronto. He also was a Research Associate at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute.

Dr. Safavi joined Actinium from Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., where she focused on oncology clinical studies. Prior to Progenics, Dr. Safavi had clinical roles of increasing responsibility at Stealth Bio Therapeutics, Verastem Inc. and New England Research Institute, Inc. Before her work in industry, Dr. Safavi supported academic clinical research at Massachusetts General Hospital, Emory University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Montefiore Medical Center – Albert Einstein School of Medicine and MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Safavi received her M.D. from Xavier University School of Medicine, West Indies, Master of Health Services Administration from St. Joseph’s College of Maine and her Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from the University of Houston.

Kathleen McNamara is a Registered Nurse and Oncology Certified Nurse with significant clinical experience in the care of oncology patients. Most recently, Ms. McNamara was the Nurse Manager at a large infusion center where she oversaw patient care and trained the nursing staff in oncology therapy administration. Kathleen gained valuable experience in drug developing where she worked at Celgene Corporation as a Clinical Research Scientist on leukemia focused clinical trials and at Quintiles as an Oncology Nurse Educator. The majority of Kathleen’s career has been focused on the clinical care of oncology patients where she gained valuable experience in the administration of complex oncology therapies including biologics, bone marrow transplants and clinical trials. In addition, Kathleen has successfully managed, led and helped educate nursing staffs in a number of hospitals and infusion centers.

Kathleen earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from Niagara University and her Master of Arts degree in Education from Long Island University. She is a Registered Nurse with a certificate in Pediatric Nurse Practitioner in Ambulatory Pediatrics from the State University of New York.