On June 3, 2019 Astellas Pharma Inc. (TSE: 4503) (President and CEO: Kenji Yasukawa, Ph.D., "Astellas") and Seattle Genetics, Inc. (Nasdaq: SGEN) reported that data from the first cohort of a pivotal phase 2 clinical trial known as EV-201 demonstrated that the investigational agent enfortumab vedotin rapidly shrank tumors in most patients, resulting in an objective response rate (ORR) of 44 percent (55/125; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 35.1-53.2) (Press release, Astellas, JUN 3, 2019, View Source [SID1234536797]). Complete responses (CR) were observed in 12 percent of patients (15/125). The median duration of tumor response was 7.6 months (range 0.95-11.3+). This cohort was open to patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who had received previous treatment with a platinum-containing chemotherapy and a PD-1/L1 checkpoint inhibitor. Responses were similar in the subgroups of patients analyzed, including those who had the worst prognosis, such as patients who had three or more previous lines of therapy, patients with liver metastases, and those who had not responded to a PD-1/L1 inhibitor. Treatment-related adverse events that occurred in 40 percent or more of patients were fatigue, alopecia, rash, decreased appetite, taste distortion, and peripheral neuropathy.

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The data will be featured today in the official press program of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting and be presented as a Late-Breaking oral presentation (Abstract #LBA4505) and have been submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Despite recent advances in treatment, approximately 80 percent of people do not respond to PD-1/L1 inhibitors, which are the standard of care after platinum-containing therapy has failed as an initial treatment for advanced disease.[1],[2],[3] These patients have few treatment options and new therapies are urgently needed.

Enfortumab vedotin is an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets Nectin-4, a protein that is highly expressed in urothelial cancers.[4],[5] Based on the results of the EV-201 trial, the companies plan to submit a Biologics License Application (BLA) for enfortumab vedotin to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) this year. Based on preliminary results from the phase 1 EV-101 trial, the FDA granted enfortumab vedotin Breakthrough Therapy designation for people with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer whose disease has progressed during or following checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

"Outcomes for patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer are generally poor, and treatment options after initial chemotherapy and immunotherapy are very limited," said Daniel P. Petrylak, M.D., Professor of Medicine and of Urology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven. "These data have the potential to change the treatment course of advanced urothelial cancer, and it is gratifying to see these results for patients."

"Even with the recent introduction of new therapies, there remains a need for continued innovation in the treatment of urothelial cancer, and if approved, we hope to bring this potential treatment to physicians and patients as quickly as possible," said Andrew Krivoshik, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Oncology Therapeutic Area Head at Astellas.

"We are encouraged that enfortumab vedotin is the first novel therapy to demonstrate substantial clinical activity in these difficult-to-treat patients who currently have limited treatment options," said Roger Dansey, M.D., Chief Medical Officer at Seattle Genetics.

A global, randomized phase 3 confirmatory clinical trial (EV-301) is ongoing and is intended to support global registrations. Another trial (EV-103) is underway to evaluate enfortumab vedotin in earlier lines of treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, including in combination with pembrolizumab and/or platinum chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients as well as patients who progressed from earlier-stage disease.

EV-201 Study Results

Efficacy
In the first cohort of the EV-201 study, 125 patients were treated with enfortumab vedotin. The primary endpoint of confirmed objective response rate (ORR) was 44 percent per blinded independent central review (BICR) [(55/125; 95% CI: 35.1-53.2)]. The overall duration of response (DoR), a key secondary endpoint, was 7.6 months (range 0.95-11.3+).

Most responses occurred within the first cycle of treatment, and were observed across all pre-specified patient subgroups irrespective of lines of therapy, response to prior PD-1/L1 inhibitor, or presence of liver metastases:

Three or more prior therapies: 41 percent ORR (26/63)
Non-responders to PD-1/L1 inhibitors: 41 percent ORR (41/100)
Liver metastases: 38 percent ORR (19/50)
Median overall survival (OS) was 11.7 months (95% CI:9.1-not reached), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months (95% CI:4.9-7.5).

Safety

The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurring in more than 40 percent of patients were fatigue (50 percent (62/125)); alopecia (49 percent (61/125)); rash (48 percent (60/125)); decreased appetite (44 percent (55/125)); taste distortion (40 percent (50/125)); and peripheral neuropathy (50 percent (63/125)).
Most peripheral neuropathy (94 percent) and rash (75 percent) were less than or equal to Grade 2 in severity. Hyperglycemia occurred in 11 percent of patients (14/125).
The most common severe AEs (defined as greater than or equal to Grade 3) were: neutropenia – experienced by 8 percent of patients (10/125); anemia in 7 percent of patients (9/125); and fatigue in 6 percent of patients (7/125). One death due to interstitial lung disease occurred outside the safety-reporting period and was confounded by prolonged high-dose steroid use and suspected pneumonia.
About the EV-201 Trial
EV-201 is an ongoing single-arm, pivotal phase 2 clinical trial of enfortumab vedotin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have been previously treated with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor, including those who have also been treated with a platinum-containing chemotherapy (cohort 1) and those who have not received a platinum-containing chemotherapy and who are ineligible for cisplatin (cohort 2). EV-201 continues to enroll patients in cohort 2. In cohort 1, 128 patients were enrolled at multiple centers internationally.[6] The primary endpoint is confirmed objective response rate per blinded independent central review. Secondary endpoints include assessments of duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety and tolerability.

More information about enfortumab vedotin clinical trials can be found at clinical trials.gov.

About Urothelial Cancer
Urothelial cancer is the most common type of bladder cancer (90 percent of cases).[7] In 2018, more than 82,000 people were diagnosed with bladder cancer in the United States.[8] Globally, approximately 549,000 people were diagnosed with bladder cancer last year, and there were approximately 200,000 deaths worldwide.

About Enfortumab Vedotin
Enfortumab vedotin is an investigational ADC composed of an anti-Nectin-4 monoclonal antibody attached to a microtubule-disrupting agent, MMAE, using Seattle Genetics’ proprietary linker technology. Enfortumab vedotin targets Nectin-4, a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on many solid tumors, and that has been identified as an ADC target by Astellas.

The safety and efficacy of enfortumab vedotin are under investigation and have not been established. There is no guarantee that the agent will receive regulatory approval or become commercially available for the uses being investigated.

On June 3, 2019 Amgen (NASDAQ: AMGN) reported the first clinical results from a Phase 1 study evaluating investigational AMG 510, the first KRASG12C inhibitor to reach the clinical stage (Press release, Amgen, JUN 3, 2019, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2400393 [SID1234536796]). In the trial, there were no dose-limiting toxicities at tested dose levels. AMG 510 showed anti-tumor activity when administered as a monotherapy in patients with locally-advanced or metastatic KRASG12C mutant solid tumors. These data are being presented during an oral session at the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) in Chicago.

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"KRAS has been a target of active exploration in cancer research since it was identified as one of the first oncogenes more than 30 years ago, but it remained undruggable due to a lack of traditional small molecule binding pockets on the protein. AMG 510 seeks to crack the KRAS code by exploiting a previously hidden groove on the protein surface," said David M. Reese, M.D., executive vice president of Research and Development at Amgen. "By irreversibly binding to cysteine 12 on the mutated KRAS protein, AMG 510 is designed to lock it into an inactive state. With high selectivity for KRASG12C, we believe investigational AMG 510 has high potential as both a monotherapy and in combination with other targeted and immune therapies."

The Phase 1, first-in-human, open-label multicenter study enrolled 35 patients with various tumor types (14 non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC], 19 colorectal cancer [CRC] and two other). Eligible patients were heavily pretreated with at least two or more prior lines of treatment, consistent with their tumor type and stage of disease. The primary endpoint is safety, and key secondary endpoints include pharmacokinetics, objective response rate (assessed every six weeks), duration of response and progression-free survival. Patients were enrolled in four dose cohorts – 180 mg, 360 mg, 720 mg and 960 mg, taken orally once a day.

Five out of 10 evaluable patients with NSCLC experienced a partial response (PR), and another four had stable disease (SD), for a disease control rate (DCR) of 90 percent (9/10).1 All five patients with response to therapy had a treatment duration of 7.3-27.4 weeks at data cutoff and remain active on treatment. One patient with PR improved further to a complete response of the target lesions at week 18, post data cutoff.

In addition, 13 of 18 evaluable patients with CRC achieved SD, with the majority of CRC patients treated at the first two dose levels. Twenty-six patients remain on study and nine have discontinued.

Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were primarily grade 1 events (approximately 68 percent). Two grade 3 treatment-related AEs were reported (anemia and diarrhea). No grade 4 treatment-related AEs and no serious treatment-related AEs were reported. Enrollment into dose expansion is underway.

"While there’s been significant progress in treating solid tumor cancers overall with targeted therapies, patients with the KRASG12C mutation have not benefited from these advances," said Marwan G. Fakih, M.D., clinical study investigator and co-director of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, City of Hope, Duarte, Calif. "In this early Phase 1 trial, investigational AMG 510 showed encouraging anti-tumor activity. We look forward to further investigating AMG 510 with the goal of closing the treatment gap for patients with this type of mutation."

Amgen Webcast Investor Meeting
Amgen will host a webcast investor meeting at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) 2019 on Monday, June 3 at 6:30 p.m. CT. David M. Reese, M.D., executive vice president of Research and Development at Amgen, along with members of Amgen’s clinical development team and clinical investigators, will participate at the investor meeting to discuss Amgen’s oncology program and data presented at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) 2019. Live audio of the conference call will be broadcast over the internet simultaneously and will be available to members of the news media, investors and the general public.

The webcast, as with other selected presentations regarding developments in Amgen’s business given at certain investor and medical conferences, can be accessed on Amgen’s website, www.amgen.com, under Investors. Information regarding presentation times, webcast availability and webcast links are noted on Amgen’s Investor Relations Events Calendar. The webcast will be archived and available for replay for at least 90 days after the event.

About KRAS
The subject of more than three decades of research, the RAS gene family are the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers.2,3 Within this family, KRAS is the most prevalent variant and is particularly common in solid tumors.3 A specific mutation known as KRASG12C accounts for approximately 13 percent of non-small cell lung cancers, three to five percent of colorectal cancers and one to two percent of numerous other solid tumors.4 Approximately 30,000 patients are diagnosed each year in the United States with KRASG12C driven cancers.5 Amgen is exploring the potential of KRASG12C inhibition across a broad variety of tumor types.

On June 3, 2019 Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: AGIO), a leader in the field of cellular metabolism to treat cancer and rare genetic diseases, reported data from two Phase 1 studies evaluating TIBSOVO (ivosidenib) in adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (Press release, Agios Pharmaceuticals, JUN 3, 2019, View Source [SID1234536795]). The data were presented as part of the scientific program at the 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in Chicago.

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"Newly diagnosed AML patients who are not eligible for intensive chemotherapy are typically older or have comorbidities that can lead to a worse prognosis and poor outcomes," said Courtney DiNardo, M.D., lead investigator and associate professor, department of leukemia at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. "With an additional six months of follow up since the last data cutoff in the Phase 1 combination study of TIBSOVO with azacitidine, it is encouraging to see a 12-month survival rate of 82% and a continued increase in CR+CRh rate to 70% and CR rate to 61%. In addition, the majority of patients with CR also had IDH1 mutation clearance, suggesting direct impact on the biology of IDH1 mutant AML."

"As the data from these frontline Phase 1 studies of TIBSOVO mature, the durability of response has continued to improve over time and demonstrates that treating these patients with an IDH1 inhibitor early in the disease has the potential to provide deep, durable responses," said Chris Bowden, M.D., chief medical officer at Agios. "The recent sNDA approval in newly diagnosed AML patients with an IDH1 mutation who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy was the first step in our broad program to develop TIBSOVO across the frontline setting."

Phase 1 Study of TIBSOVO in Combination with Azacitidine

The ongoing Phase 1/2 study is evaluating an investigational use of TIBSOVO or IDHIFA (enasidenib) in combination with azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed IDH mutant AML unable to receive intensive chemotherapy. As of the February 19, 2019 data cutoff, 23 patients received 500 mg of TIBSOVO daily plus azacitidine in the TIBSOVO arm of the Phase 1b portion of the study. Enrollment in the TIBSOVO arm is complete. As of the data cutoff, 10 (43%) patients remained on study, and the median number of treatment cycles was 15 (range 1-30). The median age was 76 years old, and 52% of patients were age 75 or older. Sixty-five percent of patients had de novo AML and 35% had secondary AML.

Safety Results

The most common Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) regardless of cause were thrombocytopenia (61%), anemia (44%), febrile neutropenia (44%) and neutropenia (30%).
Investigator reported IDH differentiation syndrome was reported in four patients, of which three were serious AEs. All four cases resolved, among whom two achieved a complete response (CR), one stable disease and one was not evaluable for response.
Mean neutrophil and platelet counts were maintained near or above thresholds for CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) while on study treatment with TIBSOVO and azacitidine. CRh is defined as <5% of blasts in the bone marrow, no evidence of disease and partial recovery of peripheral blood counts (ANC >500/microliter and platelets >50,000/microliter).
Efficacy Results

Overall, 78% (18/23) of patients had a response.
70% (16/23) of patients had a CR or CRh.
61% (14/23) of patients had a CR.
The median duration of CR (95% CI 9.3, NE) as well as CR+CRh (95% CI 12.2, NE) had not been reached.
The median time to response was 1.8 months (range 0.7-3.8 months) and the median time to CR was 3.7 months (range 0.8-15.7 months).
The 12-month survival rate was 82% (95% CI 58.8, 92.8).
The median duration of follow-up was 16.1 months (range 1.3-31.7 months).
For patients who achieved a CR, IDH1 mutation clearance was observed in 9 of 14 (64%) patients with available bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and 11 of 14 patients (79%) with available peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as quantified by a digital PCR assay with lower limit of sensitivity for mutant IDH1 of 0.02-0.04% (or 10-4).
TIBSOVO is not approved in any country for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AML in combination with azacitidine.

Untreated AML Arm of Phase 1 Study of Single Agent TIBSOVO in IDH1 Mutant Hematologic Malignancies

As of the November 2, 2018 data cutoff, a total of 258 patients with advanced hematologic malignances and an IDH1 mutation were treated in the Phase 1 study, including 34 patients with untreated AML (nine from dose-escalation and 25 from expansion) who received 500 mg of TIBSOVO daily. Enrollment in the study is complete. The median treatment duration for the untreated AML patients was 4.3 months (0.3-40.9). The median age for these patients was 76.5 years (64-87) and 47% had received a prior hypomethylating agent. Among the untreated AML patients, 24% had de novo AML and 76% had secondary AML.

Safety Results

The most common AEs of any grade >25% regardless of causality were diarrhea (53%), fatigue (47%), nausea (38%), decreased appetite (35%), leukocytosis (26%), anemia (26%), edema peripheral (26%) and thrombocytopenia (26%).
Adverse events of interest were the following:
9% reported Grade ≥3 ECG QT prolongation. TIBSOVO was dose reduced in two patients and held in four patients (for any grade of ECG QT prolongation).
18% reported IDH differentiation syndrome of any grade, which was managed with corticosteroids and diuretics. Three patients had their dose temporarily held, and no patients required dose reductions.
3% reported Grade ≥3 leukocytosis.
No AEs of interest lead to any permanent treatment discontinuations or deaths.
Efficacy Results

Data from the 33 untreated AML patients with an IDH1 mutation confirmed by the Abbott RealTimeTM IDH1 assay demonstrated an overall response rate of 55% (18/33 patients).
42% (14/33) of patients had a CR or CRh.
30% (10/33) of patients had a CR.
The median duration of CR (95% CI 4.2, NE) as well as CR+CRh (95% CI 4.6, NE) had not been reached. The estimated 12-month durations of response were 78% for CR and 62% for CR+CRh.
Median overall survival was 12.6 months.
Among patients who were transfusion dependent at baseline, transfusion independence was observed across all response categories, where it was defined as an absence of transfusions for at least 56 consecutive days on treatment.
IDH1 mutation clearance, defined as a reduction in mIDH1 variant allele frequency to below the limit of detection of 0.02–0.04% (or 10-4), was observed in 64% (9/14) of patients who achieved CR+CRh, including 50% (5/10) of patients with CR and 100% (4/4) of patients with CRh.
About TIBSOVO (ivosidenib)
TIBSOVO is indicated for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a susceptible isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test in:

Adult patients with newly-diagnosed AML who are ≥75 years old or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy.
Adult patients with relapsed or refractory AML.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNING: DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME

Patients treated with TIBSOVO have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which can be fatal if not treated. Symptoms may include fever, dyspnea, hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusions, rapid weight gain or peripheral edema, hypotension, and hepatic, renal, or multi-organ dysfunction. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, initiate corticosteroid therapy and hemodynamic monitoring until symptom resolution.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Differentiation Syndrome: See Boxed WARNING. In the clinical trial, 25% (7/28) of patients with newly diagnosed AML and 19% (34/179) of patients with relapsed or refractory AML treated with TIBSOVO experienced differentiation syndrome. Differentiation syndrome is associated with rapid proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells and may be life-threatening or fatal if not treated. Symptoms of differentiation syndrome in patients treated with TIBSOVO included noninfectious leukocytosis, peripheral edema, pyrexia, dyspnea, pleural effusion, hypotension, hypoxia, pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, pericardial effusion, rash, fluid overload, tumor lysis syndrome, and creatinine increased. Of the 7 patients with newly diagnosed AML who experienced differentiation syndrome, 6 (86%) patients recovered. Of the 34 patients with relapsed or refractory AML who experienced differentiation syndrome, 27 (79%) patients recovered after treatment or after dose interruption of TIBSOVO. Differentiation syndrome occurred as early as 1 day and up to 3 months after TIBSOVO initiation and has been observed with or without concomitant leukocytosis.

If differentiation syndrome is suspected, initiate dexamethasone 10 mg IV every 12 hours (or an equivalent dose of an alternative oral or IV corticosteroid) and hemodynamic monitoring until improvement. If concomitant noninfectious leukocytosis is observed, initiate treatment with hydroxyurea or leukapheresis, as clinically indicated. Taper corticosteroids and hydroxyurea after resolution of symptoms and administer corticosteroids for a minimum of 3 days. Symptoms of differentiation syndrome may recur with premature discontinuation of corticosteroid and/or hydroxyurea treatment. If severe signs and/or symptoms persist for more than 48 hours after initiation of corticosteroids, interrupt TIBSOVO until signs and symptoms are no longer severe.

QTc Interval Prolongation: Patients treated with TIBSOVO can develop QT (QTc) prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. One patient developed ventricular fibrillation attributed to TIBSOVO. Concomitant use of TIBSOVO with drugs known to prolong the QTc interval (e.g., anti-arrhythmic medicines, fluoroquinolones, triazole anti-fungals, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists) and CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase the risk of QTc interval prolongation. Conduct monitoring of electrocardiograms (ECGs) and electrolytes. In patients with congenital long QTc syndrome, congestive heart failure, or electrolyte abnormalities, or in those who are taking medications known to prolong the QTc interval, more frequent monitoring may be necessary.

Interrupt TIBSOVO if QTc increases to greater than 480 msec and less than 500 msec. Interrupt and reduce TIBSOVO if QTc increases to greater than 500 msec. Permanently discontinue TIBSOVO in patients who develop QTc interval prolongation with signs or symptoms of life-threatening arrhythmia.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Guillain-Barré syndrome occurred in <1% (2/258) of patients treated with TIBSOVO in the clinical study. Monitor patients taking TIBSOVO for onset of new signs or symptoms of motor and/or sensory neuropathy such as unilateral or bilateral weakness, sensory alterations, paresthesias, or difficulty breathing. Permanently discontinue TIBSOVO in patients who are diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most common adverse reactions including laboratory abnormalities (≥20%) were hemoglobin decreased (60%), fatigue (43%), arthralgia (39%), calcium decreased (39%), sodium decreased (39%), leukocytosis (38%), diarrhea (37%), magnesium decreased (36%), edema (34%), nausea (33%), dyspnea (32%), uric acid increased (32%), potassium decreased (32%), alkaline phosphatase increased (30%), mucositis (28%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (27%), phosphatase decreased (25%), electrocardiogram QT prolonged (24%), rash (24%), creatinine increased (24%), cough (23%), decreased appetite (22%), myalgia (21%), constipation (20%), and pyrexia (20%).
In patients with newly diagnosed AML, the most frequently reported Grade ≥3 adverse reactions (≥5%) were fatigue (14%), differentiation syndrome (11%), electrocardiogram QT prolonged (11%), diarrhea (7%), nausea (7%), and leukocytosis (7%). Serious adverse reactions (≥5%) were differentiation syndrome (18%), electrocardiogram QT prolonged (7%), and fatigue (7%). There was one case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).
In patients with relapsed or refractory AML, the most frequently reported Grade ≥3 adverse reactions (≥5%) were differentiation syndrome (13%), electrocardiogram QT prolonged (10%), dyspnea (9%), leukocytosis (8%), and tumor lysis syndrome (6%). Serious adverse reactions (≥5%) were differentiation syndrome (10%), leukocytosis (10%), and electrocardiogram QT prolonged (7%). There was one case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
DRUG INTERACTIONS

Strong or Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Reduce TIBSOVO dose with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Monitor patients for increased risk of QTc interval prolongation.
Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Avoid concomitant use with TIBSOVO.
Sensitive CYP3A4 Substrates: Avoid concomitant use with TIBSOVO.
QTc Prolonging Drugs: Avoid concomitant use with TIBSOVO. If co-administration is unavoidable, monitor patients for increased risk of QTc interval prolongation.

LACTATION

Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with TIBSOVO and for at least 1 month after the last dose.

Please see full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNING.

About Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
AML is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow marked by rapid disease progression and is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults with approximately 20,000 new cases estimated in the U.S. each year. AML patients are typically older or have comorbidities that preclude the use of intensive chemotherapy. These patients typically have a worse prognosis and poor outcomes. The majority of patients with AML eventually relapse. The five-year survival rate is approximately 28%. For 6 to 10 percent of AML patients, the mutated IDH1 enzyme blocks normal blood stem cell differentiation, contributing to the genesis of acute leukemia. IDH1 mutations have been associated with negative prognosis in AML.

On June 3, 2019 Xencor, Inc. (NASDAQ: XNCR), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases, reported that the first patient has been dosed in a Phase 1 clinical study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of XmAb22841, both as a monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab, in patients with advanced solid tumors (Press release, Xencor, JUN 3, 2019, View Source [SID1234536793]). XmAb22841 is a bispecific antibody that simultaneously targets the immune checkpoint receptors CTLA-4 and LAG-3.

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"Our TME activators seek to improve the tolerability and clinical benefit of immunotherapy by activating T cells specifically in the tumor microenvironment, where many checkpoint receptors are highly expressed on immune cells. Toward that goal, XmAb22841 is designed with XmAb bispecific technology to target those cytotoxic T cells that simultaneously co-express the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and LAG-3," said Paul Foster, M.D., senior vice president and chief medical officer at Xencor. "We intend to advance XmAb22841 in combination with anti-PD1 immunotherapy to potentially drive better responses through triple checkpoint blockade."

The Phase 1 dose-escalation and expansion study, which explores XmAb22841 as a monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab will characterize the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity and preliminary anti-tumor activity of intravenous administration in patients with select advanced solid tumors. For more information about the study, please visit View Source (identifier: NCT03849469).

About XmAb22841

XmAb22841 is a bispecific antibody that simultaneously targets immune checkpoint receptors CTLA-4 and LAG-3 and is designed to promote tumor-selective T-cell activation. Xencor’s XmAb bispecific Fc domain serves as the scaffold for these two antigen binding domains and confers long circulating half-life, stability and ease of manufacture. XmAb bispecific Fc domains have been engineered to eliminate Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) binding, with the intent to prevent activation and/or depletion of T cells via engagement by FcγR-expressing cells. XmAb22841 is being evaluated in a Phase 1 study for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, as a monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab.

On June 3, 2019 Heat Biologics, Inc. (NASDAQ: HTBX), a biopharmaceutical company developing therapies designed to activate a patient’s immune system against cancer, reported compelling new interim results from its ongoing Phase 2 study investigating HS-110 in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb’s anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab (Opdivo) (Press release, Heat Biologics, JUN 3, 2019, View Source [SID1234536792]). The updated results were obtained from Cohort B patients whose data has matured an additional 3 months since last reported at the ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper)-SITC Clinical Immuno-Oncology Symposium in February of this year. This data may represent the first Phase 2 data showing clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose disease has progressed after prior treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI). The Cohort B results were presented yesterday at the2019American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting poster session.

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COL(ret) George E Peoples, MD, FACS, Heat’s Chief Medical Advisor, noted, "These latest Cohort B data provides us even greater confidence that the addition of HS-110 to nivolumab may restore anti-tumor activity in patients whose disease has progressed after treatment with a CPI. Of particular note, 4 out of 5 evaluable patients in Cohort B with PD-L1 negative tumors achieved disease stabilization and 4 out of 7 evaluable patients with low CD8+ TIL levels in their tumors achieved disease stabilization. We are encouraged by these positive results and look forward to reporting additional data later this year."

Jeff Hutchins, Ph.D., Heat’s Chief Scientific and Operating Officer said, "The fact that we saw tumor shrinkage in 35% of patients and disease control in 55% of patients whose disease has progressed after treatment with a CPI supports our mechanistic hypothesis that the broad, T-cell mediated immune response activated by HS-110 may improve clinical outcomes for patients who have lost the benefit of treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor. It is also important to note that the occurrence of dermal injection site reactions is associated with statistically significant improved progression free survival and overall survival, providing further support for the mechanism of action of HS-110."

Highlights for Cohort B patients arepresented below:

HS-110 in combination with nivolumab demonstrates clinical activity i’difficult to treat’ low CD8+ TIL (≤10%) and PD-L1 negative (<1%) tumors:
4 out of 5 evaluable patients with PD-L1 negative tumors achieved disease stabilization, 1 of which was a RECIST partial response.
4 out of 7 evaluable patients with low CD8+ TIL tumors achieved disease stabilization, 2 of which were RECIST partial responses.
The addition of HS-110 to nivolumab may restore clinical benefit to patients whose disease has progressed after CPI treatment failure:
Tumor shrinkage observed in 35% of patients
Disease control rate of 55%
Median Progression-Free Survival (mPFS) of 2.7 months
Median Overall Survival (mOS) not yet reached
The occurrence of any grade dermal Injection Site Reaction during treatment (Y/N) is associated with improved Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival:
mPFS: NR vs 1.8 months; HR 0.17 (95% CI, 0.03-0.84); p=0.013
mOS: NR vs 5 months; HR 0.13 (95% CI, 0.02-0.71); p=0.002
Treatment with HS-110 in combination with nivolumab was well tolerated, with no additional toxicities beyond those observed with single agent CPI therapy.

Trial results are summarized in the official 2019 ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper)Annual Meeting poster.

Trial Design

The Phase 2 trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HS-110 combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cohort B consists of patients who received a minimum of 4 months of treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) as part of their prior therapy, but subsequently had documented progressive disease. Patients receive weekly HS-110 (1 x 107 cells) administered as 5 intradermal 0.1 mL injections for 18 weeks in combination with bi-weekly nivolumab 240 mg IV administered until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, whichever occurs first. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR) and duration of response (DOR). Exploratory endpoints include correlation of clinical outcomes to baseline CD8+ TILs, PD-L1 expression, peripheral blood tumor mutation burden and ELISPOT analysis.