On August 16, 2021 Eisai Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Tokyo, CEO: Haruo Naito, "Eisai") reported that it has obtained manufacturing and marketing approval for the EZH2 inhibitor "Tazverik Tablets 200 mg" (tazemetostat hydrobromide) in Japan with the indication of relapsed or refractory EZH2 gene mutation-positive follicular lymphoma (only when standard treatment is not applicable) (Press release, Eisai, AUG 16, 2021, View Source [SID1234586585]).
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This approval is based on the results of a multicenter, open-label, single-arm clinical phase II trial (Study 206)1 in Japan conducted by Eisai and other studies2 conducted by Epizyme, Inc. (Headquarters: Massachusetts, United States) outside Japan. Study 206 enrolled patients with EZH2 gene mutation-positive, primarily follicular lymphoma, who had relapsed or were refractory. The primary endpoint of this study was objective response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints included safety. This study achieved the primary endpoint target and exceeded a prespecified tumor response threshold with statistical significance: ORR in patients with EZH2 mutation-positive relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (n=17) was 76.5% (90% confidence interval (CI): 53.9-91.5) as measured by independent review. Treatment-emergent adverse events (incidence of 25% or more) observed in this study were dysgeusia (52.9%), nasopharyngitis (35.3%), lymphopenia (29.4%) and blood creatine phosphokinase increased (29.4%). Eisai will conduct a post-marketing special use results survey (all-case surveillance) in all patients who are administered "Tazverik" until a pre-determined number of patients has been reached in accordance with an approval condition imposed by the MHLW.
Created by utilizing Epizyme’s proprietary product platform, "Tazverik" is a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of the epigenetic enzyme EZH2. It is one of the histone methyltransferases in the epigenetics-related protein group, and is thought to regulate the expression of cancer-related genes and suppress the growth of cancer cells by specifically targeting EZH2, which contributes to the cancer growth process.3 Eisai is responsible for the development and commercialization of this agent in Japan, while Epizyme, Inc. is responsible for all regions outside of Japan. In the United States, "Tazverik" received accelerated approval for the indication of epithelioid sarcoma in January 2020, and follicular lymphoma in June 2020 (Notes to editors 1).
Follicular lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 10-20% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Follicular lymphoma is generally indolent and sensitive to chemotherapy. However, development of a new treatment strategy is required for follicular lymphoma which still remains difficult to cure, as recurrence often occurs repeatedly. 7-27% of follicular lymphomas are reported to have gain-of-function mutations in the EZH2 gene,4,5 and it is estimated that there are approximately 600 to 2,400 patients with follicular lymphoma with EZH2 gene mutations in Japan. A companion diagnostic test for EZH2 gene mutations, "cobas EZH2 Mutation Test" by Roche Diagnostics K.K. (Headquarters: Tokyo) was approved in May 2021.
Eisai aims to make continuous efforts to meet the diversified needs of and increase the benefits provided to patients with cancer, their families, and healthcare professionals, by delivering "Tazverik" as a new treatment option for EZH2 gene mutation-positive follicular lymphoma.
1. About "Tazverik Tablets 200 mg" (tazemetostat hydrobromide, Development Code: E7438, Epizyme, Inc.’s Development Code: EPZ-6438)
"Tazverik" is a first-in-class, oral small molecule inhibitor that targets EZH2. Eisai and Epizyme, Inc. have conducted joint research and development with utilizing Epizyme, Inc.’s proprietary product platform, based on the alliance agreement concluded in March 2011 targeting EZH2 for research, development, and sales. This agent selectively inhibits EZH2 in a competitive matter with S-adenosylmethionine (a methyl group donor) to suppress methylation of H3K27. Due to the alteration in the alliance agreement between the two companies in March 2015, Eisai is responsible for development and commercialization of this agent in Japan, while Epizyme, Inc. is responsible for all regions outside Japan.
At the Kawashima Industrial Park located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, the production site for this agent in Japan, Eisai has successfully developed the innovative pharmaceutical manufacturing technology so-called "Continuous Manufacturing", and has applied it to production. Continuous Manufacturing contributes to quality improvement and stable supply of pharmaceutical products by integrating manufacturing automation and real-time quality monitoring technology. In addition, Continuous Manufacturing is a technology that is attracting attention as a new pharmaceutical manufacturing method that can achieve high production efficiency with space saving and energy saving, and has a low environmental load. Eisai was one of the first to adopt Continuous Manufacturing system (CTS-MiGRA) and applied this technology to the production of this agent.
The accelerated approval was granted for this agent in January 2020 in the United States with the indication of "adults and pediatric patients aged 16 years and older with metastatic or locally advanced epithelioid sarcoma not eligible for complete resection". Also, in June of the same year, the accelerated approval was granted for this agent with the indication of "adult relapsed / refractory follicular lymphoma who had at least 2 regimens of prior treatment and whose tumors are positive for an EZH2 mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test", and of "adult relapsed / refractory follicular lymphoma for which there are no satisfactory alternative treatment options".
2. About epigenetics
Epigenetics is a branch of science that studies the mechanism for the acquired activation/inactivation of gene function and seeks to determine how gene function is inherited through cell division, irrespective of DNA base sequence alteration. Examples of modification that lead to the regulation of gene expression include methylation of DNA and modifications of histone (methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, etc.).
3. About EZH2
EZH2 is one of the histone methyltransferases within a larger class of epigenetics-related proteins, and specifically catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), thus controlling expression of various genes. It is indicated that an increase in methylation of H3K27 caused by EZH2 gain-of-function mutation, overexpression, or the dysfunction of EZH2 suppressive factors plays an important role in carcinogenesis.
1 Shinya Rai, et al. Phase 2 Study of Tazemetostat in Japanese patients with Relapsed or Refractory EZH2 mutation-positive B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) Meet. 2021, CT176.
2 Franck Morschhauser, et al. Tazemetostat for patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2020 Nov; 21(11):1433-1442.
3 Sarah K. Knutson, Satoshi Kawano, Yukinori Minoshima, et al. Selective Inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ-6438 Leads to Potent Antitumor Activity in EZH2-Mutant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 2014 Apr; 13(4):842–854.
4 Csaba Bödör, et al. EZH2 mutations are frequent and represent an early event in follicular lymphoma. Blood, 2013 Oct; 122(18), 3165-3168.
5 Ryan D. Morin, et al. Somatic mutation of EZH2 (Y641) in Follicular and Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas of Germinal Center Origin. Nat Genet. 2010 February; 42(2): 181–185.