On January 24, 2022 Lyell Immunopharma, Inc., (Nasdaq: LYEL), a T-cell reprogramming company dedicated to the mastery of T cells to cure patients with solid tumors, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial for LYL132, an investigational T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy for patients with solid tumors expressing New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) that the company is developing in collaboration with GSK (Press release, Lyell Immunopharma, JAN 24, 2022, View Source [SID1234608909]). LYL132 incorporates Epi-R, Lyell’s epigenetic reprogramming technology and is under investigation as a potential next-generation enhancement to letetresgene autoleucel (lete-cel), a GSK TCR therapy targeting NY-ESO-1 currently in pivotal clinical development. The cell surface antigen NY-ESO-1 is a clinically validated target present on many aggressive solid tumors. Lyell’s Epi-R technology is designed to address a major barrier to successful Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) by creating populations of T cells with properties of durable stemness. T cells with properties of durable stemness are able to proliferate, persist, and self-renew with anti-tumor functionality.
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"Clearance of the second IND incorporating Lyell’s novel reprogramming technologies is another important milestone for Lyell, especially coming within a month of FDA clearance of an IND for LYL797, our lead CAR program," said Liz Homans, Chief Executive Officer of Lyell. "We are eager to start multiple clinical trials that utilize our technologies to assess the potential benefits for patients with solid tumor cancers and also remain on track for two additional INDs by the end of this year."
"Clinically assessing, in a validated target, the potential benefit of reprogrammed T cells designed to have properties of durable stemness is a profoundly important and exciting milestone for Lyell and cancer drug development," stated Rick Klausner, MD, Chair of Lyell’s Board of Directors. "We believe lack of durable stemness is a major barrier to successful ACT in solid tumors and expect our Epi-R technology platform will offer a path forward to better outcomes for patients."
The planned Phase 1 trial will assess LYL132 in patients with NY-ESO-1+ advanced synovial sarcoma (SS) or myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS). Lyell will manufacture LYL132 in its LyFE Manufacturing Center and GSK will conduct the Phase 1 trial.
About NY-ESO-1, Synovial Sarcoma (SS) and Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma (MRCLS)
NY-ESO-1 is a member of the cancer testis-antigen (CTA) family of tumor-associated antigens and has been previously validated as a therapeutic target in clinical trials. NY-ESO-1 has low or no expression in healthy adult tissues but is detectable in multiple solid tumor cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, liver cancer, SS and MRCLS. SS is a rare yet highly malignant tumor occurring in soft tissue and accounts for approximately 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas, with approximately 650 to 1,300 cases per year. It is more common in adolescents and young adults than in older individuals. Patients often develop metastases, particularly to the lungs, resulting in 10-year survival rates of <50%. MRCLS is a type of liposarcoma, a rare soft connective tissue tumor that grows in cells that store fat in the body, typically in the arms and legs. MRCLS is one of the most common types of liposarcoma and makes up approximately 30% of all cases, with 2,000 diagnosed occurrences in the United States each year. When this type of cancer metastasizes, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 40%.
About LYL132 and the GSK Collaboration
LYL132 is a novel, NY-ESO-1-targeted TCR product that incorporates Epi-R, Lyell’s proprietary epigenetic reprogramming technology designed to create populations of T cells which have the properties of durable stemness – the quality that enables T cells to proliferate, persist, and self-renew with anti-tumor functionality.
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments of LYL132 have demonstrated that LYL132 has T cells with qualities consistent with T cell stemness, including enhanced metabolic fitness and proliferation. We believe these qualities could be associated with improved clinical responses that could further improve first generation approaches.
In 2019 Lyell and GSK entered into a collaboration agreement to research and develop potential T-cell therapies that apply Lyell’s platform technologies and cell therapy innovations to TCRs or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies under distinct programs for a specified number of targets. Lyell received $250 million in the form of a combined upfront payment and equity investment and is eligible for technology validation payments totaling approximately $200 million and up to approximately $400 million in additional aggregate development and sales milestones for LYL132. In addition to LYL132, a separate GSK-sponsored program evaluating an NY-ESO-1-targeted TCR that incorporates Lyell’s Gen-R genetic reprogramming technology is planned. These programs could represent a single future product opportunity for GSK utilizing one or both of Lyell’s platform technologies.