On August 30, 2022 Adagene Inc. ("Adagene") (Nasdaq: ADAG), a platform-driven, clinical-stage biotechnology company transforming the discovery and development of novel antibody-based therapies, reported financial results for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and provided corporate updates (Press release, Adagene, AUG 30, 2022, View Source [SID1234618819]).
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"We are prioritizing development of two anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, which have best-in-class profiles and are on track to deliver proof-of-concept clinical results in combination therapy in 2023. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy is known for dose dependent toxicity, making it extremely difficult to optimize dosing levels, dosing frequency and dosing intervals for prevailing anti-CTLA-4 therapy, especially in combination therapy with anti-PD-1. We have solved this problem with differentiated candidates suitable for the massive market opportunity for next generation anti-CTLA-4 therapies, increasing market penetration into known and new indications with enhanced safety and efficacy, especially for tumor types not addressed with the currently available therapy, and rapid entry into new markets such as China with few approved indications for anti-CTLA-4 in combination with widely accessible anti-PD-1 therapy," said Peter Luo, Ph.D., Co-founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Adagene. "We are also excited to advance our next generation anti-CD137 agonistic antibody, ADG206, into clinic given its first- and best-in-class potential in both monotherapy and in combination with multiple agents."
Dr. Luo continued: "On the longer-term horizon, we have developed a portfolio of masked, bispecific T cell engagers (TCEs) for tumor directed T cell therapies, armed with proprietary, tailor-made anti-CD3 and CD28 by leveraging our NEObody and SAFEbody technologies, that aim to push the boundaries of what is possible with TCEs – to achieve safe, potent and durable responses for patients by combining our novel modalities with the fundamental pathways across the cancer immunity cycle."
He concluded: "Building on success of existing technology licensing deals, we are also pursuing additional collaboration agreements that leverage our pipeline, our integrated AI-powered antibody discovery platform, and our SAFEbody precision masking technology, to bring potential non-dilutive funding to Adagene. We believe that the combination of our proprietary technology platforms and our highly differentiated clinical and preclinical pipelines presents us with many value-creating levers to navigate today’s turbulent financial markets."
PIPELINE & BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS
ADG116 (anti-CTLA-4 NEObody targeting a unique epitope)
Encouraging efficacy demonstrated as a single agent and in combination with anti-PD-1:
Observed one partial response with ADG116 monotherapy in a tumor type where no anti-CTLA-4 therapy is currently approved.
Observed one confirmed rapid complete response with repeat dosing for ADG116 in combination with toripalimab in a tumor type where no anti-CTLA-4 therapy is currently approved.
Presentation of data from this phase 1b/2 trial will take place at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) (Free SITC Whitepaper)’s 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) in Boston, November 8-12, 2022.
For competitive reasons, Adagene is currently not disclosing the dose or tumor types of these objective responses.
Compelling safety demonstrated as a single agent and in combination with anti-PD-1:
Completed monotherapy dose escalation of ADG116 in 30 patients up to 15 mg/kg administered every three weeks with repeat dosing, and continued to enroll patients in dose expansion at 10 mg/kg.
Only one dose-limiting toxicity event reported at ESMO (Free ESMO Whitepaper)-IO 2021 for the 10 mg/kg dose. As of this release, no additional or late-onset dose-limiting toxicities reported with ADG116 monotherapy, including in patients who received more than four cycles.
A safety review committee cleared advancement to dose expansion with 3 mg/kg of ADG116 for combination cohorts with toripalimab.
Continued advancement of combinations with anti-PD-1 or anti-CD137:
Completing dose escalation of ADG116 in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab (ADG116-P001 / KEYNOTE-C97). Presentation of data from this phase 1b/2 trial will take place at SITC (Free SITC Whitepaper) 2022.
Evaluation ongoing of ADG116 in combination with the anti-CD137 therapy, ADG106, to optimize the dose and schedule for this novel, proprietary combination. Adagene is a global leader in exploring the synergistic clinical effects for the dual pathway targeting CTLA-4 and CD137 given the compelling preclinical rationale for this powerful combination.
Paving the way for combination trials in China, advanced dose escalation to 10 mg/kg in phase 1 monotherapy trial (ADG116-1002). A significant untapped clinical and market opportunity exists for the proven combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapies as the combination is only approved in one tumor type in China.
ADG126 (anti-CTLA-4 SAFEbody targeting a unique epitope with precision masking)
Compelling clinical safety demonstrated at unprecedented dosing levels with repeat dosing:
Completed monotherapy dose escalation of ADG126 in 19 patients up to 20 mg/kg administered every three weeks with repeat dosing, and continued to enroll patients in dose expansion at 10 mg/kg.
ADG126 monotherapy was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related serious adverse events observed following repeat dosing across all dose levels, as reported in an abstract at the 2022 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) annual meeting.
Clinical evaluation with anti-PD-1 therapies is ongoing to establish the dose and schedule for phase 2 combination cohorts. In combination cohorts with toripalimab, the safety review committee has cleared the 6 mg/kg dose administered every three weeks, approved dose expansion at 6 mg/kg, and recommended further dose escalation to 10 mg/kg, the highest dose level ever reported for the combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapies.
Encouraging antitumor activity observed as monotherapy in cold tumors:
In a cohort of heavily pre-treated patients, ADG126 monotherapy resulted in durable reductions in target lesions over 20% in two patients with cold tumors:
One ovarian cancer patient who experienced significant, continued reduction of an established ovarian cancer biomarker, CA125, dropping 90% to within the normal range for full clinical benefit after receiving up to 18 cycles of treatment at 1 mg/kg, as of this release.
One uveal melanoma patient who received prior immuno-oncology treatment, having progressed after the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab.
Updated interim results will be presented in a poster on September 12 at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (Free ESMO Whitepaper) Congress 2022 in Paris, September 9 – 13, 2022
Both monotherapy and combination trials continue to enroll patients with advanced, metastatic tumors in the US, China and APAC, evaluating optimized doses of ADG126 in targeted tumors.
Pharmacokinetics show effectiveness of precision masking technology:
In monotherapy evaluation, ADG126 plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) were approximately linear and activated ADG126 accumulated steadily during repeat dosing across different dose levels.
This reflects prolonged exposures of activated ADG126 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), with cleaved ADG126 in plasma on average accumulating >2-fold during repeat dosing.
ADG106 (agonistic anti-CD137 NEObody)
Given prioritization of anti-CTLA-4 programs, combination trial with toripalimab in China is winding down:
Results from the phase 1b/2 trial (ADG106-1008) in China evaluating ADG106 in combination with toripalimab, showed one observed partial response in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patient out of 20 patients enrolled. Currently, four patients remain on therapy.
Given prioritization of its two anti-CTLA-4 clinical programs and potential of its next generation anti-CD137 therapy, ADG206, Adagene is winding down the ADG106-1008 trial and does not intend to proceed with the previously planned trial of ADG106 and pembrolizumab.
Focusing clinical development on investigator-initiated trials (IITs) in selected indications:
Reflecting its strategic presence and collaborations in Singapore, Adagene continues to support the ongoing IITs in Singapore and explore the anti-CD137 opportunity with ADG106 in selected indications in a combination setting, including:
An ongoing phase 1b/2 clinical trial (ADG106-T6001) evaluating ADG106 in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed after prior treatment. Dose escalation is complete and dose expansion is ongoing.
An ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial (ADG106-T6002) evaluating ADG106 in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel) in patients with early-stage, HER2 negative breast cancer.
ADG206 (masked, IgG1 FC engineered anti-CD137 POWERbody)
On track for clinical development as a next generation anti-CD137 candidate that combines masking, Fc-engineering and novel epitope to deliver balance between safety and efficacy:
Adagene submitted a Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) regulatory filing in Australia to advance this anti-CD137 POWERbody, ADG206, into a phase 1 clinical trial in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors.
Patient dosing is planned in early 2023.
ADG206 is designed to solve the safety and efficacy challenges of anti-CD137 therapy, leveraging the same novel epitope as ADG106 and learnings from development of urelumab (another company’s anti-CD137 targeting antibody), which showed single agent clinical efficacy and dose-dependent liver toxicity in clinic.
Preclinical data demonstrated that ADG206 was well tolerated and had robust anti-tumor activity as a single agent in multiple tumor models, with approximately 4-fold stronger anti-CD137 agonistic activity of its activated form than a urelumab analog; ADG206 also demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity in combination with other agents, including checkpoint inhibitors and anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
Preclinical Discovery Programs
ADG153: Given updated program timelines and ongoing business development activities, Adagene now plans the regulatory submission for its masked, IgG1 anti-CD47 SAFEbody, ADG153, in the first half of 2023. This candidate is differentiated by its strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity designed to realize the full potential of anti-CD47 therapy for both hematologic and solid tumor indications. Preclinical data demonstrated that ADG153 IgG1 was well tolerated, did not induce human hemagglutination and significantly reduced anemia-related and antigen sink liabilities; ADG153 IgG1 also demonstrated greater anti-tumor activity than the benchmark (magrolimab analog).
American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting 2022: Data demonstrated the potential best-in-class profiles for three differentiated preclinical product candidates in IND-enabling studies (ADG206, ADG153, ADG138), which all apply SAFEbody precision masking technology. The robust preclinical poster presentations for these and other product candidates are available on the Publications page of the company’s website.
CD28 T-cell engagers (TCEs): Data at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) introduced a new capability for Adagene’s proprietary bispecific TCEs with CD28. CD28 bispecific POWERbody TCEs exhibit enormous potential to fulfill the promises of safe and durable T cell-mediated synergistic immunotherapies when combined with CD3 bispecific TCEs and/or checkpoint inhibitors. Preclinical data demonstrated the potential to mitigate the serious safety concerns of CD28 activation and make custom designed antibodies targeting a highly conserved epitope with broad species reactivity. Multiple tumor associated antigen (TAA) x CD28 POWERbodies are in progress, such as B7-H3xCD28 and TROP2xCD28, which can also be combined with the company’s CD3 TCEs and/or checkpoint inhibitors to achieve safe, powerful and durable immunotherapy for solid tumors. The full poster presentation may be viewed here.
Collaborations
Sanofi: Established a technology licensing agreement with Sanofi in March 2022 to generate masked versions of antibodies provided by Sanofi, including monoclonal and bispecific candidate antibodies, with a potential transaction value of US$2.5 billion. The collaboration includes an upfront payment of US$17.5 million received in April 2022 for the initial two programs (US$8.75 million per program), an option fee for two additional programs, potential milestone payments of up to US$2.5 billion (US$625 million per program), and tiered royalties.
Exelixis: Received a US$3.0 million milestone payment from Exelixis in January 2022 for the successful nomination of lead SAFEbody candidates for one of the collaboration programs and an additional $1.1 million upfront payment in June 2022, based on a technology licensing agreement to develop novel masked antibody-drug conjugate candidates. Terms of the agreement, which was executed in February 2021, include an upfront payment of US$11 million for two programs, potential milestones and tiered royalties.
China: Advanced global partnerships and collaboration with Sanjin and Dragon Boat Biopharmaceutical for two antibodies out-licensed in Greater China, including an anti-PD-L1 (ADG104) in phase 2 development, and a novel anti-CSF-1R (ADG125/BC006) in phase 1.
Corporate
Adagene is making progress to evaluate business processes that meet the requirements of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA) and the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (AHFCAA) in the event that AHFCAA becomes enacted prior to the filing of annual report for the year of 2023 on Form 20-F. The company is closely monitoring the status and implications of HFCAA and AHFCAA in order to take decisive action to minimize its impact on the company.
Adagene continues to streamline its operations while focusing on its most advanced and promising clinical and preclinical programs to reduce its cash burn.
UPDATED MILESTONES & OUTLOOK
Adagene is updating its business outlook to reflect prioritization of its anti-CTLA-4 clinical development programs and achievement of meaningful milestones with its current cash resources. Based on current plans, Adagene expects its cash balance to sufficiently fund operations into late 2024, with the following upcoming milestones:
2022
Present ADG126 monotherapy dose escalation data at ESMO (Free ESMO Whitepaper) 2022
Present additional ADG116 data at SITC (Free SITC Whitepaper) 2022
ADG116 results of dose escalation in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy to establish the dose(s) and schedule(s) for dose expansion; advance phase 2a dose expansion cohorts in targeted tumors
ADG126 results of dose escalation in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy to establish the dose(s) and schedule(s) for dose expansion; advance phase 2a dose expansion cohorts in targeted tumors
2023
ADG116 phase 2a proof-of-concept data from combination dose expansion cohorts
ADG126 phase 2a proof-of-concept data from combination dose expansion cohorts
Establish registration path and strategy (e.g., recommended phase 2 dose, indication and design) for phase 2/3 pivotal trial of anti-CTLA-4 in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy in targeted tumors
Initiate patient dosing in ADG206 phase 1 trial
Submit IND or equivalent for ADG153, and initiate phase 1 trial
Results from IIT combination studies of ADG106
Additional collaborations and/or technology licensing agreements
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents were US$168.0 million as of June 30, 2022, compared to US$174.4 million as of December 31, 2021. The 2022 cash balance includes an upfront payment of US$17.5 million from Sanofi, and a milestone payment of US$3.0 million and upfront payment of US$1.1 million from Exelixis, related to Adagene’s respective collaboration and technology licensing agreements with those companies.
Net Revenue:
Net revenue was US$3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to US$1.4 million for the same period in 2021. The increase was related to revenue recognized due to fulfillment of performance obligations over time associated with the collaboration and technology licensing agreement with Sanofi to develop antibody-based therapies. Due to the Sanofi and Exelixis collaborations, contract liabilities also increased to US$20.2 million as of June 30, 2022, compared to US$5.5 million as of December 31, 2021.
Research and Development (R&D) Expenses:
R&D expenses were US$45.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to US$31.5 million for the same period in 2021. The rise in R&D expenses was primarily due to increased R&D activities for the company’s clinical programs, as well as preclinical testing for candidates in the IND-enabling phase.
Administrative Expenses:
Administrative expenses were US$6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to US$7.4 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to reduction in share-based compensation expenses.
Net Loss:
The net loss attributable to Adagene Inc.’s shareholders was US$47.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to US$37.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
Ordinary Shares Outstanding:
As of June 30, 2022, there were 54,278,981 ordinary shares issued and outstanding. Please note that each American depository share, or ADS, represents one and one quarter (1.25) ordinary shares of the company.
Non-GAAP Net Loss:
Non-GAAP net loss, which is defined as net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders for the period after excluding (i) share-based compensation expenses and (ii) accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value, as appliable, was US$41.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to US$27.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Please refer to the section in this press release titled "Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results" for details.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company uses non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year, which are non-GAAP financial measures, in evaluating its operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes. The Company believes that non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year help identify underlying trends in the Company’s business that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of certain expenses that the Company includes in its loss for the year. The Company believes that non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year provide useful information about its results of operations, enhances the overall understanding of its past performance and future prospects and allows for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by its management in its financial and operational decision-making.
Non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year should not be considered in isolation or construed as an alternative to operating profit, loss for the year or any other measure of performance or as an indicator of its operating performance. Investors are encouraged to review non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year and the reconciliation to their most directly comparable GAAP measures. Non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Other companies may calculate similarly titled measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures to the Company’s data. The Company encourages investors and others to review its financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.
Non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year represent net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders for the year excluding (i) share-based compensation expenses, and (ii) accretion of convertible redeemable preferred shares to redemption value. Share-based compensation expense is a non-cash expense arising from the grant of stock-based awards to employees. The Company believes that the exclusion of share-based compensation expenses from the net loss in the Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results assists management and investors in making meaningful period-to-period comparisons in the Company’s operating performance or peer group comparisons because (i) the amount of share-based compensation expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the Company’s underlying performance, (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of the timing of grants of new stock-based awards, and (iii) other companies may use different forms of employee compensation or different valuation methodologies for their share-based compensation.
Please see the "Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Results" included in this press release for a full reconciliation of non-GAAP net loss and non-GAAP net loss per ordinary shares for the year to net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders for the year/period.