On June 25, 2025 Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc. (OTCQB: OTLC) ("Oncotelic" or the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on RNA-based therapeutics, reported the publication of a peer-reviewed research article highlighting TGFB2 gene methylation as a positive prognostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (Press release, Oncotelic, JUN 25, 2025, View Source [SID1234654112]). The paper, published in collaboration with Sapu Biosciences, LLC ("Sapu"), a wholly owned subsidiary of GMP Biotechnology Limited ("GMP Bio"), in which Oncotelic owns a 45% stake, appears in the journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences and is entitled: "TGFB2 Gene Methylation in Tumors with Low CD8+ T-Cell Infiltration Drives Positive Prognostic Overall Survival Responses in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma."

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Access the publication online at: View Source

The study was co-authored by Dr. Sanjive Qazi, Dr. Michael Potts, Scott Myers, Dr. Stephen Richardson, and Dr. Vuong Trieu.

Key Findings

PDAC remains one of the most lethal malignancies with limited treatment options, typically restricted to cytotoxic regimens like FOLFIRINOX. This study identifies DNA methylation signatures of the TGFB2 gene as a novel biomarker for improved overall survival, particularly in immunosuppressed tumor microenvironments characterized by low CD8+ T-cell infiltration.

Notably, patients exhibiting high TGFB2 methylation along with low expression of immune markers such as CD3D, LCK, and HLA-DRA demonstrated a highly significant median overall survival exceeding 50 months. The data suggest that TGFB2 methylation is a favorable prognostic indicator and may inform patient stratification for therapies targeting TGFB2 mRNA-such as OT-101, Oncotelic’s investigational antisense oligonucleotide.

In addition, the study underscores the importance of profiling TGFB1, TGFB2, and TGFB3 methylation to better characterize tumor immune status and select candidates for immunotherapy in otherwise resistant "cold" tumors.

Leadership Commentary

"Our latest discovery significantly enhances our understanding of the TGFB gene complex in PDAC, particularly in immunologically cold tumors," said Dr. Sanjive Qazi, lead author. "These results support further clinical development of OT-101 in PDAC, especially among patients with low T-cell infiltration and high TGFB2 methylation."

"PDAOAI, our AI-powered chatbot platform, played a pivotal role in the literature mining and analysis for this paper," added Scott Myers, Product Manager. "The integration of AI into the scientific process is accelerating discovery."

"Large language models like PDAOAI are transforming how we identify, extract, and interpret biomedical insights," said Dr. Michael Potts, VP of Data Science at Oncotelic.

The underlying source data and referenced literature used in the manuscript are accessible via Oncotelic’s proprietary AI platform, PDAOAI. Engage with the research on the public PDAOAI Discord community.

On June 16, 2025 PDS Biotechnology presented its corporate presentation (Presentation, PDS Biotechnology, JUN 25, 2025, View Source [SID1234654111]).

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On June 25, 2025 Novartis reported that it has successfully completed its acquisition of Regulus Therapeutics Inc. ("Regulus") (Press release, Novartis, JUN 25, 2025, View Source [SID1234654109]). With the completion of the acquisition, shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Shares"), of Regulus, have ceased trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and Regulus is now an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Novartis.

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"We are pleased to complete this transaction and take the next step in advancing clinical development for a potential first-in-class medicine that can help treat patients suffering from ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease), the most common genetic cause of renal failure worldwide1," said Shreeram Aradhye, President, Development and Chief Medical Officer, Novartis. "We are excited to welcome the talented team at Regulus to Novartis as we continue to build on our pipeline in renal disease with high unmet medical need."

Farabursen is an investigational next-generation oligonucleotide targeting miR-17 with preferential kidney exposure, aiming to reduce the growth of cysts and kidney size, as well as delay progression of disease severity in ADPKD. In March 2025, Regulus announced the successful completion of its Phase 1b multiple-ascending dose clinical trial for farabursen. The Phase 1b trial data showed promising clinical efficacy and safety, including consistent impact on urinary polycystin (PC), a biomarker of mechanistic response, and height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV), an established meaningful clinical measure of disease progression.

Novartis’ previously announced tender offer to acquire all of the outstanding Shares in exchange for (i) $7.00 in cash per Share, subject to any applicable withholding and without interest thereon, plus (ii) one contingent value right (each, a "CVR") per Share, representing the right to receive one contingent payment of $7.00 in cash, subject to any applicable withholding and without interest thereon, upon the achievement of a regulatory milestone, expired at one minute past 11:59 p.m., New York City Time, on June 24, 2025. Approximately 56,374,397 Shares were validly tendered, and not validly withdrawn from the tender offer, representing approximately 74.49% of the issued and outstanding Shares. In accordance with the terms of the tender offer, all Shares that were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn have been accepted for payment and paid for.

Following completion of the tender offer, Novartis completed the acquisition of Regulus through the merger of its indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Redwood Merger Sub Inc., with and into Regulus, without a vote of Regulus’ stockholders pursuant to Section 251(h) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. As a result of the merger, each Share issued and outstanding and not tendered in the tender offer was canceled and extinguished and automatically converted into the right to receive the same consideration (including the CVR) per Share payable in the tender offer.

On June 25, 2025 Arbutus Biopharma Corporation (Nasdaq: ABUS) ("Arbutus" or the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on infectious disease, reported that it has reacquired China rights to its lead compound, imdusiran, from Qilu Pharmaceutical, one of the leading pharmaceutical companies in China (Press release, Arbutus Biopharma, JUN 25, 2025, View Source [SID1234654107]). The parties have mutually agreed to conclude the strategic partnership entered into in 2021 for development, manufacturing and commercialization of imdusiran in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan markets.

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"I would like to express our deepest thanks to the executive leadership and team at Qilu for the collaborative and fruitful partnership we have enjoyed over the last several years," said Lindsay Androski, President and Chief Executive Officer of Arbutus. "In light of Qilu’s pipeline reprioritization efforts and Arbutus’ renewed focus on advancing our pipeline efficiently, the parties have agreed to terminate our strategic partnership for Greater China. We are thrilled to once again hold global rights for imdusiran, which to date has achieved functional cure in eight patients in combination therapy in two Phase 2a trials."

Dr. Weikang Tao, the global R&D head of Qilu Pharmaceutical commented: "We greatly appreciate the collaboration, efforts and support of both Arbutus and Qilu’s project teams for the development of imdusiran in the Greater China area and we wish Arbutus every success in further advancing the development of imdusiran."

Arbutus has also launched a new Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) consisting of globally recognized leaders in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) with extensive experience in late-stage clinical trials. SAB members will advise Arbutus on its strategic evaluation of its cHBV pipeline. Members of Arbutus’ Scientific Advisory Board include:

Jordan J. Feld, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto and Director of the Toronto Centre for Liver Disease at the Toronto General Hospital, where he holds the R. Phelan Chair in Translational Liver Research as a clinician-scientist and leads a large clinical and translational research program focused primarily on viral hepatitis and its complications.
Edward J. Gane, MBChB, MD, FRACP, FAASLD, MNZM, Professor of Medicine at the University of Auckland, New Zealand; Hepatologist and Deputy Director of the New Zealand Liver Unit at Auckland City Hospital. Dr. Gane was involved in early phase development of the first oral cure for hepatitis C and is now focused on developing a finite cure for hepatitis B. He has published over 450 papers and has received many research awards including the Health Research Council Beaven and Liley Medals.
Anna Suk-Fong Lok, MD, DSc (Hon), FAASLD, AGAF, Dame Sheila Sherlock Distinguished University Professor of Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Alice Lohrman Andrews Research Professor of Hepatology in the Department of Internal Medicine, at the University of Michigan. Dr. Lok’s research focuses on hepatitis B, and she has published more than 600 scientific articles including guidelines on hepatitis B.
Mark Sulkowski, MD, Professor of Medicine, Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Trials, and Founding Director of the Office of Clinical Trials at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Professor Sulkowski also serves as the Director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and the Medical Director of the Viral Hepatitis Center in the Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology/Hepatology in the Department of Medicine. Professor Sulkowski has been the principal investigator for more than 200 clinical trials on managing viral hepatitis B and C.
Man-Fung Yuen, MBBS, MD, PhD, DSc, Chair Professor of The University of Hong Kong; Li Shu Fan Medical Foundation Professor in Medicine and Chief of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Professor Yuen is a world-renowned researcher who has been leading most of the international trials examining novel agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
As previously reported, to date, across all Phase 2a clinical trials (IM-PROVE I and IM-PROVE II) conducted with imdusiran, Arbutus has reported a total of 8 patients who have been functionally cured and were able to discontinue all therapies including nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. Two of the patients who achieved functional cure received no interferon (IFN) as part of their treatment, and seven of the eight patients had baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels less than 1000 IU/mL.

About Imdusiran (AB-729)

Imdusiran is an RNAi therapeutic specifically designed to reduce all HBV viral proteins and antigens including hepatitis B surface antigen, which is thought to be a key prerequisite to enable reawakening of a patient’s immune system to control the virus. Imdusiran targets hepatocytes using Arbutus’ novel covalently conjugated N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) delivery technology enabling subcutaneous delivery. To date, Arbutus has reported a total of eight patients with cHBV who have achieved functional cure following treatment with imdusiran and NA therapy in combination with either IFN or low dose nivolumab plus an immunotherapeutic. Clinical data generated thus far has shown imdusiran to be generally safe and well-tolerated, while also providing meaningful reductions in HBsAg and hepatitis B virus DNA.

About HBV

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause chronic infection which leads to a higher risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Chronic HBV infection represents a significant unmet medical need. The World Health Organization estimates that over 250 million people worldwide suffer from chronic HBV infection, while other estimates indicate that approximately 2 million people in the United States suffer from chronic HBV infection. Approximately 1.1 million people die every year from complications related to chronic HBV infection despite the availability of effective vaccines and current treatment options.

On June 25, 2025 Aprea Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: APRE) ("Aprea", or the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative treatments that exploit specific cancer cell vulnerabilities while minimizing damage to healthy cells, reported new preclinical data and a clinical update on APR-1051, the Company’s next-generation oral WEE1 inhibitor, in human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (Press release, Aprea, JUN 25, 2025, View Source [SID1234654106]).

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These findings result from an ongoing translational research collaboration with renowned oncology leader MD Anderson Cancer Center and support the potential of APR-1051 both as a single agent and in rational immunotherapy combinations for biomarker-driven treatment of HPV+ HNSCC. "We are excited by the preclinical data generated by independent researchers, and the early clinical signal of APR-1051 in an HPV-positive cancer patient," said Oren Gilad, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Aprea Therapeutics. "We believe that APR-1051 could offer significant differentiation in the competitive oncology landscape, as a single agent, as well as in combination with checkpoint inhibitors."

Preclinical Highlights from MD Anderson Collaboration:

Potent single-agent activity: APR-1051 demonstrated robust antiproliferative effects across a broad panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cell lines, including HPV+ subtypes, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 8.9 to 230 nM.
Enhanced combination synergy: Significant anti-tumor synergy was observed with APR-1051 and anti–PD-1 therapies in HPV+ HNSCC models, positioning APR-1051 as a candidate for combination-based clinical trials.
Mechanistic rationale: APR-1051 was shown to activate cGAS/STING-mediated immunogenic cell death and to exploit the HPV E6-driven G2 checkpoint dependency in HPV+ tumors. Given WEE1’s central role in regulating the G2/M checkpoint, HPV+ tumor cells appear highly reliant on WEE1 signaling for survival. This provides a biomarker driven strategy for targeted patient selection and optimized clinical outcomes.

Clinical Update from Phase 1 ACESOT‑1051 Trial:

In a 62-year-old male with advanced HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who had progressed after three prior lines of platinum-based therapy, once-daily administration of a subtherapeutic 70 mg oral dose of APR-1051 resulted in stable disease with a 5% tumor reduction at the first radiographic assessment.
The patient tolerated therapy well, with no dose-limiting toxicities reported.
Next Steps and Future Development:

Enrollment in the ACESOT-1051 trial is ongoing and progressing, with dose escalation into higher levels and the continued inclusion of HPV+ patients.
Pending additional data, future trial arms may evaluate APR-1051 in combination with checkpoint inhibitors to address unmet medical needs across distinct patient populations.
Drs. Abdullah Osman and Jeffrey Myers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center commented, "We are very encouraged by these early findings and see APR-1051 as a potentially promising addition to the therapeutic portfolio for treating HPV-associated head and neck cancers. The mechanistic rationale and robust preclinical data strongly support the potential for enhanced patient outcomes when APR-1051 is administrated as a single agent or in combination with existing immunotherapies."

Aprea remains committed to advancing APR-1051 as a next-generation precision oncology agent in molecularly defined tumors, leveraging biomarker insights to optimize patient outcomes.

About APR-1051

APR-1051 is an oral, highly selective WEE1 inhibitor designed to minimize off-target activity and optimize pharmacologic selectivity. APR-1051 is currently being evaluated in the ACESOT-1051 Phase 1 clinical trial (NCT06260514) in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring DNA damage response (DDR) alterations.