On October 24, 2026 NANOBIOTIX (Euronext: NANO – NASDAQ: NBTX – the "Company"), a late-stage clinical biotechnology company pioneering physics-based approaches to expand treatment possibilities for patients with cancer and other major diseases, reported updated results from patients with anti-PD-1-resistant advanced primary cutaneous melanoma treated in the ongoing Phase 1 Study 1100. The study evaluates JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3), which works in the presence of radiotherapy, followed by an immune checkpoint inhibitor (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced solid tumors. The data were presented by Jason Chan, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, in a poster session on Saturday, October 24, 2026, at the 2026 Annual Meeting of the European Society for Medical Oncology ("ESMO") in Madrid, Spain.
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ABSTRACT #3956: Safety and Anti-Tumor Activity of NBTXR3/SBRT with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Anti-PD-1 Resistant Melanoma: Results from a Phase I Dose Expansion
J. Chan, J. Lee, A. Lam, A. Daud, F. Collichio, H. Yu, P. Mody, J. Weiss, S. Moschos, S. Powell, S. Peck, M. Lohr, E. Redstone, Z. Li, W. Smith, A. Juloori, R. Gineste, D. Rolando, A. Rosenberg and C. Shen. UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Sanford Cancer Center; St Luke’s University Hospital; The University of Chicago; Nanobiotix
Patients with advanced anti-PD-1 resistant primary cutaneous melanoma whose disease has progressed after multiple prior lines of therapy have a poor prognosis; published series report a median progression-free survival of approximately three months1 and a median overall survival of approximately one year2 in this setting. Melanoma has historically been considered radioresistant, and higher radiation doses are often limited by exposure of the surrounding healthy tissue.
"Patients whose melanoma has progressed on anti-PD-1 therapy, and often on several other immunotherapies as well, have limited options left," said Jason Chan, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center "In this study, a single injection followed by a short course of stereotactic radiotherapy was feasible across a wide range of tumor sizes and locations, and we saw responses in lesions that were injected and in lesions that were not. The observed increase in IL-1β suggests treatment-related immune activation that warrants further investigation. These are early data from a single-arm study, and they support testing the approach in a randomized trial."
All 24 heavily pre-treated patients had advanced primary cutaneous melanoma resistant to anti-PD-1; 14 had stage IV disease. Most had received other immunotherapies before enrolling, including anti-CTLA-4 (50%), anti-LAG-3 (33.3%) and T-VEC (25%), and 87.5% had received immunotherapy as their most recent therapy. Patients received a one-time intratumoral injection of JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) at the recommended Phase 2 dose (33% of gross tumor volume), followed by stereotactic body radiotherapy ("SBRT") to the injected lesion and then nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Investigators observed an acceptable safety profile and early signals of efficacy.
Safety and Feasibility
Treatment consisting of a single intratumoral JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) injection, followed by a short course of radiotherapy was feasible across a wide range of melanoma lesions, providing a minimally invasive treatment approach with an acceptable safety profile. No new safety signals have been observed.
Preliminary Efficacy
An Overall Response Rate (ORR) of 41.7% (10/24 patients) was observed. Responses were observed in both injected (ORR 45.8%; 11/24 evaluable patients) and non-injected lesions (ORR 30.0%; 3/10 evaluable patients).
Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) was 6.9 months, while median Overall Survival reached 17.8 months.
Exploratory Immune Profiling
In an exploratory analysis of plasma samples from a subset of patients (n=8), IL-1β showed the largest increase from baseline among the cytokines evaluated. Published research has linked IL-1β to treatment-induced anti-tumor immunity through its role in connecting innate immune activation to the priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.3
"This updated analysis, with more patients and longer follow-up, builds on the first data we reported with consistent safety and an improvement in Overall Survival relative to the first data reported," said Louis Kayitalire, MD, Chief Medical Officer of Nanobiotix. "Responses were again seen in patients whose disease had progressed after multiple prior therapies, including in lesions that were not injected. Together with the exploratory cytokine data, these findings warrant further evaluation of JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) followed by anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with anti-PD-1-resistant melanoma."
Overall, the acceptable safety profile and early efficacy observed by investigators in these preliminary findings provide promising signals of activity and warrant further evaluation in larger randomized trials.
About JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3)
JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) is a novel, potentially first-in-class oncology product composed of functionalized hafnium oxide nanoparticles administered via one-time intratumoral injection and designed to work in the presenced of radiotherapy. The product candidate’s mechanism of action (MoA) is designed to induce significant tumor cell death in the injected tumor when in the presence of radiotherapy, subsequently triggering adaptive immune response and long-term anti-cancer memory. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated in a randomized Phase 2/3 soft tissue sarcoma study sponsored by Nanobiotix in 2018.
JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) is being evaluated across multiple solid tumor indications as a single agent or combination therapy. Given the Company’s focus areas, and balanced against the scalable potential of NBTXR3, Nanobiotix has engaged in a collaboration strategy to expand development of the product candidate in parallel with its priority development pathways. Pursuant to this strategy, in 2019 Nanobiotix entered into a broad, comprehensive clinical research collaboration with The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to sponsor several Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies evaluating JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) across tumor types and therapeutic combinations.
In February 2020, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted regulatory Fast Track designation for the investigation of NBTXR3 with or without cetuximab, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced HNSCC who are not eligible for platinum-based chemotherapy.
In 2023, Nanobiotix announced a license agreement for the global development and commercialization of JNJ-1900 (NBTXR3) with Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, a Johnson & Johnson company. Studies being led by Johnson & Johnson include NANORAY-312 (NCT04892173), a global, randomized Phase 3 study in platinum-based chemotherapy-ineligible, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancers; LUMIRAY (NCT07219212), a global, phase 1b, open-label study in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancers; and CONVERGE (NCT06667908), a phase 2, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study in locally advanced and unresectable Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
(Press release, Nanobiotix, OCT 24, 2026, View Source [SID1234673792])