On January 9, 2018 Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K. (Headquarters Tokyo; President and Representative Director Steve Sugino "Amgen Astellas BioPharma") and Astellas Pharma Inc. (Headquarters Tokyo; President and CEO Yoshihiko Hatanaka "Astellas") reported that an application was submitted in Japan for the marketing authorization for bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T cell engager (BiTE) antibody construct blinatumomab (Genetically Recombination) (generic name, development code: AMG 103, "blinatumomab") to treat relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Press release, Astellas, JAN 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234522970]). In Japan, blinatumomab is jointly developed by Amgen Astellas BioPharma and Astellas.
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ALL affects approximately 5,000 patients in Japan1, out of which an estimated 670 per year have relapsed or refractory ALL2,3,4. There are several limitations to current treatment options, including their limited efficacy in adult and pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory ALL and dependency on a limited number of drugs with similar mechanisms of action. Improved outcomes for relapsed or refractory ALL patients calls for the development of drugs such as blinatumomab which demonstrate efficacy as a monotherapy and have mechanisms of action dissimilar to cytotoxic agents.
The submission of application for marketing approval in Japan was based on the results from multiple global clinical studies including the Phase 3 randomized study (TOWER study), and the Japanese Phase 1b/2 study. In the TOWER study, blinatumomab was shown to extend overall survival compared to standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy in adult patients with relapsed or refractory ALL. Blinatumomab is considered to have the potential to address the serious unmet medical needs of ALL patients.
Blinatumomab received Orphan Drug designation from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare effective September 29, 2017.
About Blinatumomab
Blinatumomab (genetically recombinant antibody) is a bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T cell engager (BiTE) antibody construct that binds specifically to CD19 expressed on the surface of cells of B-lineage origin and CD3 expressed on the surface of T cells. Blinatumomab was granted breakthrough therapy and priority review designations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and is now approved in the U.S. for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL in adult and pediatric patients. In November 2015, the EU granted conditional marketing authorization for blinatumomab for the treatment of adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. AmgenInc. is seeking to gain approval for blinatumomab in countries around the world.
TOWER Study
The TOWER study was a Phase 3 randomized study investigating the efficacy of blinatumomab versus SOC chemotherapy in 405 adult patients with Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. The study enrolled a difficult-to-treat patient population, which included patients from several stages of relapse. In the blinatumomab arm, this included 35% of patients that had relapsed post-allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT), and excluded those with late first relapse (≥ 12 months after initial remission). Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive blinatumomab (n = 271) or one treatment with investigator’s choice out of 4 types of SOC chemotherapy regimens (n = 134). The determination of efficacy was based on overall survival. Per the recommendation of the data monitoring committee, the study was ended early for evidence of superior OS in the blinatumomab arm vs SOC chemotherapy from the pre-specified interim analysis.
These results are published in the New England Journal of Medicine.5
About BiTE Technology
Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) antibody constructs are being investigated for fighting cancer by helping the body’s immune system to detect and target malignant cells. The modified antibodies are designed to engage two different targets simultaneously, thereby juxtaposing T cells (a type of white blood cell capable of killing other cells perceived as threats) to cancer cells. BiTE antibody constructs help place the T cells within reach of the targeted cell, with the intent of allowing T cells to inject toxins and trigger the cancer cell to die (apoptosis). BiTE antibody constructs are currently being investigated for their potential to treat a wide variety of cancers. For more information, visit www.biteantibodies.com.
About Amgen’s Commitment to Oncology
Amgen Oncology is committed to helping patients take on some of the toughest cancers, such as those that have been resistant to drugs, those that progress rapidly through the body and those where limited treatment options exist. Amgen’s supportive care treatments help patients combat certain side effects of strong chemotherapy, and our targeted medicines and immunotherapies focus on more than a dozen different malignancies, ranging from blood cancers to solid tumors. With decades of experience providing therapies for cancer patients, Amgen continues to grow its portfolio of innovative and biosimilar oncology medicines.