On April 17, 2018 Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ:ALPN), a leading immunotherapy company focused on developing treatments for cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, reported preclinical study results of its ALPN-202 immuno-oncology program (Press release, Alpine Immune Sciences, 17 17, 2018, View Source [SID1234525447]). ALPN-202 will be the second product candidate to come out of the company’s proprietary scientific platform following ALPN-101, which is projected for an IND filing in the fourth quarter of 2018.
Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:
Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing
Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!
ALPN-202 is designed to antagonize PD-L1 and CTLA-4 while also providing CD28 costimulation. Recent literature suggests the lack of CD28 costimulatory signaling may be a principal reason why many tumors do not respond to PD-L1 or CTLA-4 blockade. ALPN-202’s ability to agonize the costimulatory receptor CD28 potentially improves the immune system’s response to cancer.
Alpine used its proprietary scientific platform to engineer Variant Ig Domains (vIgDs) based on CD80. Single vIgD proteins were created capable of binding PD-L1, CTLA-4, and CD28. These vIgDs were then fused to an Fc backbone and used in various in vitro and in vivo studies to characterize functional activity and assess anti-tumor activity in mice implanted with human PD-L1 transduced tumors. Results showed:
ALPN-202 eliminated tumors in most mice (73% or 8/11 tumor free) compared to durvalumab, an FDA-approved anti PD-L1 antibody (18% or 2/11 tumor free), and controls (0/11 tumor free).
Importantly, those mice tumor free after receiving ALPN-202 were re-challenged with tumor and 100% of them were resistant to the newly-implanted cells without receiving additional doses of therapy, suggesting the potential for ALPN-202 to induce anti-tumor memory.
ALPN-202 elicited CD28 costimulation only in the presence of PD-L1.
Scientific Support and Rationale for ALPN-202
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors likely are most effective only when sufficient T cell activating signals, such as via CD28 costimulation, are present. Indeed, recent research demonstrated CD28 costimulation appears to be required for PD-1 inhibition to rescue exhausted T cells in some settings (Science 355:1423, 2017), yet the CD28 ligands CD80 and/or CD86 are often poorly expressed in tumor microenvironments. Because it provides both checkpoint blockade and CD28 costimulation, the ALPN-202 program is therefore well positioned to potentially be a more potent and broadly applicable therapeutic.
"Previously published data suggest PD-1 blockade requires CD28 costimulation to work, at least in some cancers. The preclinical data we are presenting at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) indicate the ALPN-202 program proteins are capable of delivering both with a single molecule," said Stanford Peng, M.D., Ph.D., Executive Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Medical Officer of Alpine. "Additionally, these data demonstrate we can modulate three targets (PD-L1, CTLA-4, and CD28) with a single domain (in contrast to the need for multiple targeting domains for other therapeutic formats like bi- or tri-specific antibodies), demonstrating the potential promise of our versatile scientific platform."
"Our goal in oncology is to develop paradigm-shifting therapeutics that meaningfully improve upon existing therapies like PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors," said Mitchell H. Gold, M.D., Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Alpine. "The preclinical data presented at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) show ALPN-202 antagonizes PD-1 and CTLA-4, and provides a CD28 costimulatory signal, resulting in a potent anti-tumor response. As we drive the ALPN-202 program towards the clinic in 2019, we believe we can create the next generation of immuno-oncology therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action using our proprietary scientific platform."