On March 8, 2019 Bayer reported that it has submitted a marketing authorization application (MAA) to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for darolutamide for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) (Press release, Bayer, MAR 8, 2019, View Source [SID1234534165]).
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"Men are typically asymptomatic at this stage of prostate cancer. Therefore, it is critical that they have treatment options, which not only delay the development of metastases, but also limit burdensome side effects of therapy, so that these men can continue with their day-to-day lives," said Scott Z. Fields, M.D., senior vice president and head of Oncology Development of Bayer AG’s Pharmaceutical Division. "With this submission, we are taking an important step toward providing patients, caregivers, and physicians with a potential new treatment option for nmCRPC."
The submission to the EMA is based on data from the Phase III ARAMIS trial in men with nmCRPC, which were recently presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO GU) in San Francisco and published simultaneously in The New England Journal of Medicine, showing a statistically significant improvement in metastasis-free survival (MFS) for darolutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).(1)
Bayer recently completed the rolling submission of a New Drug Application to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and submitted an application to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Bayer is also in discussions with other health authorities regarding submissions.
The compound is being developed jointly by Bayer and Orion Corporation, a globally operating Finnish pharmaceutical company.
About ARAMIS
The ARAMIS trial is a randomized, Phase III, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral darolutamide in patients with nmCRPC who are currently being treated with ADT and are at high risk for developing metastatic disease. 1,509 patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive 600 mg of darolutamide twice a day or placebo along with ADT.
About darolutamide
Darolutamide is a non-steroidal androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with a distinct chemical structure that binds to the receptor with high affinity and exhibits strong antagonistic activity, thereby inhibiting the receptor function and the growth of prostate cancer cells. In preclinical studies, darolutamide demonstrated lower blood-brain barrier penetration compared to other currently available AR antagonists.(2)
In addition to the Phase III trial ARAMIS in men with nmCRPC, darolutamide is also being investigated in a Phase III study in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (ARASENS). Information about these trials can be found at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Darolutamide is not approved by the U.S. FDA, the European Medicines Agency or any other health authority.
About castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men worldwide.(3) In 2018, an estimated 1.2 million men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and about 358,000 died from the disease worldwide.(3) Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men.(3) Prostate cancer results from the abnormal proliferation of cells within the prostate gland, which is part of a man´s reproductive system.(4) It mainly affects men over the age of 50, and the risk increases with age.(5) Treatment options range from surgery to radiation treatment to therapy using hormone-receptor antagonists, i.e., substances that stop the formation of testosterone or prevent its effect at the target location.(6) However, in nearly all cases, the cancer eventually becomes resistant to conventional hormone therapy.(7)
CRPC is an advanced form of the disease where the cancer keeps progressing even when the amount of testosterone is reduced to very low levels in the body. The field of treatment options for castration-resistant patients is evolving rapidly, but until recently, there have been no approved treatment options for CRPC patients who have rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels while on ADT and no detectable metastases. In men with progressive nmCRPC, a rapid PSA doubling time has been consistently associated with reduced time to first metastasis and death.(8)