On February 11, 2022 Ichnos Sciences reported that innovation in medicine by developing potentially transformative biologic treatments in immuno-oncology (Press release, Ichnos Sciences, FEB 11, 2022, View Source [SID1234608006]). The company, currently a subsidiary of Glenmark Holding, SA, plans to pursue external financing following achievement of clinical proof of concept for its lead assets.

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Headquartered in New York City, Ichnos has discovery and manufacturing operations at two sites in Switzerland. As a fully integrated biotechnology company with approximately 225 employees, Ichnos has strong capabilities in research, antibody engineering, CMC and clinical development of biotechnologies.

Ichnos is guided by an accomplished management team with experience developing immune cell engagers within the biopharmaceuticals industry, and is led by Cyril Konto, M.D., President and Chief Executive Officer.

The proprietary BEAT technology platform1 is the basis for Ichnos’ clinical-stage oncology pipeline. Using this technology coupled with the proprietary common light chain library, the company is developing novel multispecific immune cell engagers and modulators, with the goal of realizing its mission to provide breakthrough, potentially curative therapies that may extend and improve lives, writing a new chapter in healthcare.

ONCOLOGY PIPELINE
The first wave of Ichnos’ multispecific antibody pipeline consists of five programs targeting a range of hematologic malignancies and solid tumor indications through engagement of a broad spectrum of immune cells. The most advanced program is ISB 1342, a clinical-stage, potentially first-in-class bispecific antibody targeting CD38 and CD3, which is in Phase 1 for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. OVERVIEW OF SELECT ONCOLOGY DRUG PRODUCT CANDIDATES ISB 1342 (CD38 X CD3 BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY)

• A Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation, first-in-human study of ISB 1342 in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma is ongoing. + Enrollment of patients receiving a weekly dosing regimen is ongoing. + Number of sites participating in the study was expanded in the end of 2021 to enhance enrollment. New locations in the U.S. were added and 11 sites have opened for enrollment in France and are now recruiting subjects. + Clinical proof of concept in the ongoing study is anticipated in the middle of calendar year 2022.
• The primary objectives of the study are to: + Determine maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended Phase 2 dose of ISB 1342 (Part 1 dose escalation). Assess anti-myeloma activity of ISB 1342 according to the International Myeloma Working Group response criteria (Part 2 dose expansion).
• Preclinical data on ISB 1342 were presented at the 2021 ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting and EHA (Free EHA Whitepaper) 2021 Virtual Congress.
• ISB 1342 was granted Orphan Drug Designation for multiple myeloma by the FDA.
• The bulk drug substance is manufactured at the Ichnos site in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. ISB 1442 (CD38 X CD47 BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY)
• This first-in-class 2+1 biparatopic bispecific antibody targeting CD38 x CD47 was generated using the BEAT 2.0 technology developed by scientists in Ichnos’ laboratories in Lausanne at the Biopole life sciences campus.
• ISB 1442 is designed to kill CD38-expressing tumor cells through inhibition of the CD47-SIRPα axis to increase antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity through complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), enabled by the architecture and engineered Fc of the molecules.
• IND-enabling studies are proceeding, and IND filing is planned for second quarter of calendar year 2022. A Phase 1/2 first-in-human dose-finding study of ISB 1442 in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and other select hematologic malignancies is currently planned to start in the middle of 2022.
• Preclinical data on ISB 1442 were shared in an oral presentation at the 2021 American Society of Hematology (ASH) (Free ASH Whitepaper) Meeting on December 11, 2021. These data, which may be viewed at this link, show: + Higher potency in vitro for ISB 1442 relative to daratumumab in CD38 high/low tumor models as measured by a multiple antibody-dependent mechanisms of action killing assay + Higher tumor growth inhibition for ISB 1442 than daratumumab in CD38 high preclinical in vivo models + Low on-target off-tumor binding with ISB 1442 compared to anti-CD47 mAb (5F9), resulting in lower red blood cell depletion and potentially a better therapeutic index than anti-CD47 bivalent monoclonal antibodies
• The first bulk drug substance batches to support IND filing and early clinical studies were manufactured at the Ichnos site in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland in 2021.Based on BEAT 2.0 technology, ISB 2001 trispecific antibody (TREATTM) represents a first-in-class potential treatment for hematologic malignancies and is designed to extend therapeutic durability.
• Identification and amino acid sequence lock of the top two candidates was achieved in 2021. Preclinical evaluation of in vivo efficacy, PK/PD correlation, additional biophysical properties description, late pharmacology studies and other attribute-defining studies are ongoing this quarter, and the results will inform the selection of the drug product candidate in the first half of calendar year 2022.
• Process development is ongoing at the Ichnos site in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Ichnos has two monoclonal antibody drug product candidates addressing autoimmune diseases in the pipeline. The first, ISB 880, an anti-IL-1RAP antagonist, was licensed to Almirall, S.A. in December 2021, and the second, ISB 830 (telazorlimab), an OX40 antagonist that completed a Phase 2b study in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in calendar year 2021, is in out-licensing discussions.

Both compounds have potential across a range of autoimmune diseases and are being out-licensed to enable a greater focus on oncology. Ichnos entered an exclusive global licensing agreement for ISB 880 in autoimmune diseases with Almirall in December 2021. Within the terms of the agreement, Almirall will assume full cost and responsibility for the global development and commercialization of the compound. Ichnos received an upfront payment of €20.8 million and the deal also includes development and commercial milestone payments and tiered royalties based upon future global sales.

• ISB 880, a fully human, high-affinity, monoclonal antibody blocking IL-1RAP signaling, has completed IND-enabling studies for patients with autoimmune diseases. The optimal antibody profile, the strong in vitro and in vivo data package, as well as toxicology, CMC, and clinical pharmacology plans will enable U.S. IND filing by Almirall in the first half of calendar year 2022.
• Blockade of IL-1RAP simultaneously abrogates multiple disease drivers among the IL-1 family of proinflammatory cytokine receptors, including IL-1R, IL-33R, and IL-36R, differentiating ISB 880 from single cytokine blockade therapies. These cytokines have been implicated in numerous autoimmune conditions, opening opportunities for ISB 880 to be positioned across broad disease indications.
• To date there is no IL-1RAP antagonist approved or under clinical development for autoimmune disease, positioning ISB 880 as a potential first-in-class therapeutic.
• Ichnos will retain rights for antibodies acting on the IL-1RAP pathway for oncology indications.The database for the ISB 830-204 Phase 2b clinical study in atopic dermatitis was locked in October 2021. This study, which was conducted in the U.S., Canada, Germany, Czech Republic, and Poland, had a randomized, controlled, multicenter design and assessed three doses and two dosing schedules of telazorlimab versus placebo in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD).
• Results from the double-blind portion of the study are summarized below. + Efficacy: The primary endpoint of EASI score, % change from baseline to Week 16, was achieved for the two highest doses of telazorlimab tested (300 mg and 600 mg q 2 weeks) versus placebo. Numerical improvements were also seen for the two higher dose arms of telazorlimab compared to placebo in the secondary endpoints of EASI75 and Investigator Global Assessment, but most of the differences were not statistically significantSafety: Telazorlimab was well tolerated.

The most commonly reported adverse events (>5%) were atopic dermatitis, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, and headache. One patient with pre-existing hypertension in the telazorlimab group died due to a presumed cardiovascular event during the treatment period. The investigator considered the death to be unrelated to the study drug.
• In addition to data from the 16-week primary analysis period, preliminary results from the open-label extension and follow-up period of this study, which was ongoing at the time, were presented at the 2021 Society for Investigative Dermatology Virtual Meeting and are accessible here. Of note: Clinical efficacy continued to improve after Week 16, with maximal impact achieved several weeks later + Reduction in AD disease activity was maintained after discontinuation of telazorlimab, through three months of follow-up
• A U.S. IND to conduct studies of telazorlimab in autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), is active. • Licensing discussions are ongoing.