Baxalta Announces Date for Special Meeting of Stockholders to Vote on Combination With Shire

On April 14,2016 Baxalta Incorporated (NYSE:BXLT) reported that the special meeting of stockholders to adopt the merger agreement with Shire plc (LSE:SHP, NASDAQ:SHPG) will be held on May 27, 2016, at 7:00 a.m. Central Time, for shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 11, 2016 (Press release, Baxalta, APR 14, 2016, View Source [SID:1234510829]). The special meeting will be held at Baxalta’s corporate headquarters, located at 1200 Lakeside Drive, Bannockburn, Illinois 60015.

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For more information, please refer to the merger proxy on Form S-4 that Shire has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Pipeline: KAHR-102

KAHR-102 is a fusion protein that links portions of two immune and cancer-related membrane proteins; CTLA-4 and FasL (Company Pipeline, KAHR Medical, APR 14, 2016, View Source [SID:1234510828]).

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The functions of KAHR-102 in immune settings are anticipated from its component parts; The CTLA-4 component of KAHR-102 binds to B7 costimulators on antigen-presenting-cells (APC), such as dendritic cells, and thereby prevents them from engaging and triggering their cognate stimulatory CD28 receptor on T cells. The FasL component of the KAHR-102 fusion protein, binds to its cognate Fas receptor, which is upregulated on activated T cells, and thereby triggers apoptosis in these cells. The net effect of combining these blocking and triggering functions is to convert a T cell activating signal into an inhibitory one, leading to immune suppression.

KAHR-102 has also shown significant activity in cancer – both in-vitro and in cancer animal models. The CTLA-4 side of the drug targets to B7 receptors on lymphatic cancer cells, while the FasL side of the drug induces specific apoptosis of these cancer cells.

KAHR-102 forms a homo-hexamer which allows an optimal hexameric FasL structure to be specifically targeted to B7-expressing cells, such as in lymphoma cells.

NanoString Technologies Unveils New nCounter Vantage™ Assays to Power Cancer Research With 3D Biology™

On April 14, 2016 NanoString Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ:NSTG), a provider of life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostic products,reported reported the introduction of nCounter Vantage, a portfolio of assays that power 3D Biology experiments in cancer research, including immuno-oncology (Press release, NanoString Technologies, APR 14, 2016, View Source [SID:1234510827]). The nCounter Vantage portfolio provides a deeper view of cancer and immune biology by enabling multiplexed, digital analysis of DNA, RNA and protein simultaneously in a single experiment. Designed for flexibility, nCounter Vantage products can be mixed and matched, creating many new ways for cancer researchers to apply 3D Biology technology.

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"The nCounter Vantage portfolio will enable researchers to extract much more information from each patient sample to better understand a particular tumor at the genomic and proteomic level as well as its interaction with the immune system," said Dr. Jerome Galon, Research Director of INSERM. "This may lead to the identification of insightful new biomarkers and signatures that could become diagnostics with important clinical utility."

NanoString plans to unveil multiple new nCounter Vantage products at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting, to be held in New Orleans, from April 16 through April 20, 2016. These include:

For RNA, two new panels for the detection of fusion genes in lung cancer and leukemia samples
For proteins, two new panels covering solid tumor biology and immune-cell signaling
For DNA, the first of three new panels for the detection of single nucleotide variations
The company will also showcase a new version of its nSolver data analysis software, which will support 3D Biology experiments with new data merging capabilities for combining and comparing multiple panels, analyte types, and custom CodeSets in a single view.

"Because of the complexity of the immune response and tumor biology, it is likely that the next generation of biomarkers in immuno-oncology will need to integrate measurements of DNA, RNA, and protein," said Dr. Alessandra Cesano, Chief Medical Officer of NanoString Technologies. "Using Vantage assays, together with an nCounter instrument, researchers can achieve these multi-analyte measurements simultaneously on a single sample. We believe that this novel capability will pave the way for development of an exciting and more informative new category of clinical diagnostics."

New nCounter Vantage Products Featured at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper)
The nCounter Vantage Lung Gene Fusion Panel and nCounter Vantage Leukemia Gene Fusion Panel products have been developed for Research Use Only applications, enable highly multiplexed analysis of key disease-driving gene fusions in RNA transcripts, and are commercially available now. The Lung Gene Fusion Panel includes 63 probes targeting fusions involving the ALK, ROS, RET, and NTRK1 genes. The Leukemia Gene Fusion Panel includes 42 probes targeting gene fusions and other key biomarkers expressed in ALL, AML, and CML.

Two new protein panels are initially being made available under product evaluation programs, and are expected to be commercially launched by the end of this year for use separately or in combination with other Vantage RNA and DNA panels. The first new protein panel will analyze 30 key intracellular proteins involved in immuno-oncology, and will form the nCounter Vantage RNA:Protein Immune Cell Signaling Panel when used in combination with the 770 RNA measurements included in the PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel. The second new protein panel is focused on key cancer pathways, and will form the nCounter Vantage RNA:Protein Solid Tumor Pathways Panel when used in combination with the 770 RNA measurements included in the PanCancer Pathways Panel.

In addition, the first of three new nCounter Vantage DNA panels for the detection of single nucleotide variations will be featured at the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) meeting. The nCounter Vantage DNA Solid Tumor Panel is designed for highly multiplexed profiling of key cancer driver mutations as well as insertions and deletions (INDELs) from as little as 5 ng of DNA. Several customers are currently involved in a product evaluation program, which will be expanded prior to commercial launch of the panel expected later this year.

At the 2016 AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, NanoString will showcase nCounter Vantage capabilities at booth #2412.

Pharmacological evaluation of a series of smoothened antagonists in signaling pathways and after topical application in a depilated mouse model.

The Hedgehog (HH) pathway has been linked to the formation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma, and other cancers. The recently approved orally active drugs vismodegib (GDC-0449) and sonidegib (LDE-225) were not only efficacious for the treatment of advanced or metastatic BCC by antagonizing the smoothened (SMO) receptor, but also produced important side effects, limiting their use for less invasive BCC. Herein, we compared a large series of SMO antagonists, including GDC-0449 and LDE-225, the clinically tested BMS-833923, CUR-61414, cyclopamine, IPI-926 (saridegib), itraconazole, LEQ-506, LY-2940680 (taladegib), PF-04449913 (glasdegib), and TAK-441 as well as preclinical candidates (PF-5274857, MRT-83) in two SMO-dependent cellular assays and for G-protein activation. We report marked differences in inhibitor potencies between compounds as well as a notable disparity between the G-protein assay and the cellular tests, suggesting that classification of drugs is assay dependent. Furthermore, we explored topical efficacies of SMO antagonists on depilated mice using Gli1 and Ptch1 mRNA quantification in skin as biomarkers of the HH signaling inhibition. This topical model rapidly discriminated drugs in terms of efficacies and potencies for inhibition of both biomarkers. SMO antagonists showed also a large variation in their blood and skin partition, suggesting that some drugs are more favorable for topical application. Overall, our data suggested that in vitro and in vivo efficacious drugs such as LEQ-506 and TAK-441 may be of interest for topical treatment of less invasive BCC with minimal side effects.

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New immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 pathway.

Ligands from the B7 family bind to receptors of the CD28 family, which regulate early T cell activation in lymphoid organs and control inflammation and autoimmunity in peripheral tissues. Programmed death-1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28 family, is an inhibitory receptor on T cells and is responsible for their dysfunction in infectious diseases and cancers. The complex mechanisms controlling the expression and signaling of PD-1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are emerging. Recently completed and ongoing clinical trials that target these molecules have shown remarkable success by generating durable clinical responses in some cancer patients. In chronic viral infections, preclinical data reveal that targeting PD-1 and its ligands can improve T cell responses and virus clearance. There is also promise in stimulating this pathway for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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