Genmab Announces Financial Results for the First Half of 2023

On August 3, 2023 Genmab reported Interim Results for the First Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (Press release, Genmab, AUG 3, 2023, View Source [SID1234633745]).

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Highlights

EPKINLY (epcoritamab-bysp) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) as the first bispecific antibody to treat adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
Genmab and AbbVie Inc. (AbbVie) announced positive topline results from the Phase 1/2 EPCORE NHL-1 trial evaluating epcoritamab in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL)
Genmab revenue increased 34% compared to the first six months of 2022, to DKK 7,052 million
Genmab 2023 financial guidance updated
"The U.S. FDA approval of EPKINLY as the first bispecific antibody to treat adults with relapsed or refractory DLBCL was an important milestone both for Genmab and for patients in need of an innovative treatment option administered subcutaneously. We would like to thank the patients and investigators who took part in the EPCORE NHL-1 trial that was the basis of this approval, as well as the unstoppable team at Genmab responsible for the discovery, development and now commercialization of EPKINLY. We also thank our partners at AbbVie for their excellent collaboration as we work together to bring EPKINLY to cancer patients," said Jan van de Winkel, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Genmab.

Financial Performance First Half of 2023

Net sales of DARZALEX by Janssen Biotech, Inc. (Janssen) were USD 4,695 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to USD 3,842 million in the first six months of 2022, an increase of USD 853 million, or 22%.
Royalty revenue was DKK 5,935 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to DKK 4,727 million in the first six months of 2022, an increase of DKK 1,208 million, or 26%. The increase in royalties was driven by higher net sales of DARZALEX and Kesimpta.
Revenue was DKK 7,052 million for the first six months of 2023 compared to DKK 5,281 million for the first six months of 2022. The increase of DKK 1,771 million, or 34%, was primarily driven by higher DARZALEX and Kesimpta royalties achieved under our collaborations with Janssen and Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis), respectively, a milestone achieved under our collaboration with AbbVie for the first commercial sale of EPKINLY in the United States, and higher reimbursement revenue driven by increased activities under our collaboration with BioNTech SE (BioNTech).
Operating expenses were DKK 5,118 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to DKK 3,520 million in the first six months of 2022. The increase of DKK 1,598 million, or 45%, was driven by the expansion of our product pipeline, EPKINLY launch in the U.S., the continued development of Genmab’s broader organizational capabilities, and related increase in team members to support these activities.
Operating profit was DKK 1,934 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to DKK 1,761 million in the first six months of 2022.
Net financial items resulted in income of DKK 75 million for the first six months of 2023 compared to DKK 1,340 million in the first six months of 2022. The decrease of DKK 1,265 million, or 94%, was primarily driven by movements in USD to DKK foreign exchange rates impacting Genmab’s USD denominated cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities in the respective periods.
Outlook
As announced in Company Announcement No. 36, Genmab updated its 2023 financial guidance driven by the continued strong growth of DARZALEX net sales and higher total royalty revenues from DARZALEX and other marketed products, partly offset by increased and accelerated investment for epcoritamab clinical trials and progression of other pipeline products.



Revised Previous
(DKK million) Guidance Guidance
Revenue 15,500 – 16,500 14,600 – 16,100
Operating expenses (10,400) – (10,900) (9,800) – (10,600)
Operating profit 4,500 – 6,000* 3,900 – 6,200*
*Operating profit does not sum due to rounding

Conference Call
Genmab will hold a conference call in English to discuss the results for the first half of 2023 today, Thursday, August 3, at 6:00 pm CEST, 5:00 pm BST or 12:00 pm EDT. To join the call please use the below registration link. Registered participants will receive an email with a link to access dial-in information as well as a unique personal PIN: https://register.vevent.com/register/BI9658367403a443db8fda64d31a3cfbc5. A live and archived webcast of the call and relevant slides will be available at www.genmab.com/investors.

Elevation Oncology Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results and Highlights Recent Business Achievements

On August 3, 2023 Elevation Oncology, Inc. (Nasdaq: ELEV), an innovative oncology company focused on the discovery and development of selective cancer therapies to treat patients across a range of solid tumors with significant unmet medical needs, reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023, and highlighted recent business achievements (Press release, Elevation Oncology, AUG 3, 2023, View Source;utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=elevation-oncology-reports-second-quarter-2023-financial-results-and-highlights-recent-business-achievements [SID1234633744]).

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"The compelling initial clinical data presented at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) 2023 by our partner CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Limited (CSPC) are further evidence for why we believe EO-3021 to be a differentiated and potentially best-in-class antibody-drug conjugate targeting cancer cells expressing Claudin 18.2," said Joseph Ferra, Chief Executive Officer of Elevation Oncology. "In June, we successfully completed a public offering securing $46.5 million in net proceeds, providing us with the necessary capital to execute against our EO-3021 development strategy where we anticipate dosing the first patient during the second half of this year."

Recent Business Achievements

Corporate

Appointed Joseph Ferra and Tammy Furlong as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively. Mr. Ferra was previously Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Furlong was promoted from her previous role as Vice President of Finance and Accounting. Mr. Ferra also joined the Elevation Oncology Board of Directors.
Secured $46.5 million in net proceeds in public offering. In June 2023, Elevation Oncology closed an underwritten public offering which yielded net proceeds of $46.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.
EO-3021

Highlighted first-in-human Phase 1 clinical data of SYSA1801 (EO-3021) the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) 2023 Annual Meeting. CSPC announced promising initial clinical data for SYSA1801 (EO-3021) in a poster presentation. Initial data showed promising signs of efficacy, including a 47.1% objective response rate (ORR), with eight partial responses (PRs), including four confirmed PRs, and a 64.7% disease control rate in patients with resistant/refractory gastric cancer expressing Claudin 18.2, along with a well-tolerated safety profile. These data will inform Elevation Oncology’s Phase 1 study, which is expected to commence during the second half of 2023, where Elevation Oncology will enroll patients with solid tumors likely to express Claudin 18.2. The dose escalation and expansion portion of the study in China is ongoing.
Other Pipeline Programs

Continue research and development efforts to advance novel therapeutic drug candidates and targets. Additional pipeline programs include those through Elevation Oncology’s existing partnership with Caris Life Sciences.
Expected Upcoming Milestones and Operational Objectives

Initiate Phase 1 clinical trial of EO-3021 in the United States in the second half of 2023
Ongoing target evaluation for future pipeline expansion
Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results

As of June 30, 2023, Elevation Oncology had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $107.9 million, inclusive of net proceeds from the underwritten public offering that closed in June 2023, compared to $90.3 million as of December 31, 2022.

Research and development (R&D) expenses for the second quarter 2023 were $6.0 million, compared to $16.3 million for the second quarter 2022. The decrease in R&D expenses in the second quarter 2023 was primarily due to the decrease in costs related to manufacturing clinical supply of seribantumab for use in the CRESTONE clinical trial.

General and administrative (G&A) expenses for the second quarters of 2023 and 2022 were $3.8 million.

Net loss for the second quarter 2023 was $10.1 million, compared to $19.9 million for the second quarter 2022.

Financial Outlook

Elevation Oncology expects its existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2023, will be sufficient to fund its current operations into the second half of 2025.

About EO-3021

EO-3021 (also known as SYSA1801) is a differentiated, clinical-stage antibody drug conjugate (ADC) comprised of an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets Claudin 18.2 and is site-specifically conjugated to the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) payload via a cleavable linker with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 2. Claudin 18.2 is a specific isoform of Claudin 18 that is normally expressed in gastric epithelial cells. During malignant transformation, the tight junctions may become disrupted, exposing Claudin 18.2 and allowing them to be accessible by Claudin 18.2 targeting agents. An Investigational New Drug application for EO-3021 has been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Elevar Therapeutics to Host August 10 Virtual KOL Event on Phase 3 Study of Rivoceranib in Combination with Camrelizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (uHCC)

On August 3, 2023 Elevar Therapeutics, Inc., a majority-owned subsidiary of HLB Co., Ltd. and a fully integrated biopharmaceutical company dedicated to elevating treatment experiences and outcomes for patients who have limited or inadequate therapeutic options, reported it will host a virtual key opinion leader (KOL) event on August 10, 2023, at 10 a.m. ET to discuss the Phase 3 study of rivoceranib in combination with camrelizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) (Press release, Elevar Therapeutics, AUG 3, 2023, View Source [SID1234633743]). The study resulted in a new drug application filing with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and a May 2024 Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date.

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To register for the KOL event, please visit the event page.

The event will feature Amit Mahipal, MBBS, MPH (University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University) and Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, M.D. (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), who will discuss the current treatment landscape for patients suffering from uHCC, along with the prospects for rivoceranib, a highly potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor, as a potential treatment solution.

The discussion will focus on data from the Phase 3 CARES 310 study, which evaluated the combination of rivoceranib and camrelizumab versus sorafenib in the first-line setting for uHCC. The FDA granted rivoceranib an orphan drug designation in uHCC.

Saeho Chong, Ph.D., chief executive officer of Elevar Therapeutics, will provide an overview of the company’s next steps and future directions, providing insight into the recent NDA and acceptance by the FDA.

A live question and answer session will follow the formal presentations.

About Amit Mahipal, MBBS, MPH

Dr. Mahipal is Professor of Medicine in the Department of Hematology and Oncology and Director of GI Oncology at the University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center at Case Western Reserve University. Dr. Mahipal earned his medical degree from Maulana Azad Medical College at Delhi University in New Delhi, India, followed by his MPH in Epidemiology from the University of Minnesota. He completed his residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Connecticut Health Center and his Fellowship in Hematology/Oncology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia.

About Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, M.D.

Dr. Abou-Alfa is a medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, specializing in the treatment and management of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a particular focus on liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and biliary tract cancers (cholangiocarcinoma). At MSKCC, Dr. Abou-Alfa has held various positions, including serving as the Clinical Director of the

Gastrointestinal Oncology Service and as an Attending Physician in the Department of Medicine. He has been actively involved in clinical research, exploring novel treatment approaches and therapeutic strategies for liver and biliary tract cancers. Dr. Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa received his medical degree from the American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine in Lebanon. He then pursued further training in the United States, completing his residency in internal medicine at the State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn. Following his residency, he went on to complete a fellowship in medical oncology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

About Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

HCC is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It accounts for approximately 90% of primary liver cancers and most frequently occurs in people with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. HCC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and typically has a poor prognosis and a lack of treatment options and is therefore a condition with an urgent medical need.

About Rivoceranib

Rivoceranib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is a highly potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), a primary pathway for tumor angiogenesis. VEGFR-2 inhibition is a clinically validated approach to limit tumor growth and disease progression. Rivoceranib is currently being studied as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in various solid tumor indications. Ongoing clinical studies include uHCC (in combination with camrelizumab), gastric cancer (as a monotherapy and in combination with paclitaxel), adenoid cystic carcinoma (as a monotherapy) and colorectal cancer (in combination with Lonsurf). Rivoceranib was the first TKI approved in gastric cancer in China (November 2014). It is also approved in China in combination with camrelizumab as a first-line treatment for uHCC (January 2023). The drug has been studied in more than 6,000 patients worldwide and was well tolerated in clinical trials with a comparable safety profile to other TKIs and VEGF inhibitors. Orphan drug designations have been granted in gastric cancer (U.S., EU and South Korea), in adenoid cystic carcinoma (U.S.) and in uHCC (U.S.). Elevar Therapeutics, Inc. holds the global rights (excluding China) to rivoceranib and has partnered for its development and marketing with HLB-LS in South Korea. Rivoceranib, under the name apatinib, is also approved in China for advanced gastric cancer and in second-line advanced HCC by the Chinese-territory license-holder, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., (Hengrui Pharma), under the brand name Aitan.

About Camrelizumab

Camrelizumab (SHR-1210) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway is a therapeutic strategy showing success in a wide variety of solid and hematological cancers. Camrelizumab is developed by Hengrui Pharma and has been studied in more than 5,000 patients. Currently, 50 clinical trials are underway in a broad range of tumors (including liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, etc.) and treatment settings.

Camrelizumab, under the brand name AiRuiKa, is currently approved for eight indications in China, including monotherapy for the treatment of HCC (second-line), in combination with rivoceranib as a treatment for uHCC (first-line), relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma (third-line), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (second-line) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (third-line or further) and in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (non-squamous and squamous), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the first-line setting. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted Orphan Drug Designation to camrelizumab for advanced HCC in April 2021.

Curis Provides Second Quarter 2023 Business Update

On August 3, 2023 Curis, Inc. (NASDAQ: CRIS), a biotechnology company focused on the development of emavusertib, an orally available, small molecule IRAK4 inhibitor for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, reported its business update and financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023 (Press release, Curis, AUG 3, 2023, View Source [SID1234633742]).

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"We are very pleased with our progress this quarter, as we were able to work with the FDA to remove the partial clinical hold on the TakeAim Leukemia study a quarter ahead of schedule. In that process, we also gained alignment with FDA in confirming 300 mg BID as the RP2D for monotherapy, which we believe is the optimal monotherapy dose. We appreciate the strong support of our clinical investigators during our discussions with FDA and we are excited to expand patient enrollment in the TakeAim Leukemia study at the RP2D," said James Dentzer, President and CEO of Curis.

Second Quarter 2023 and Recent Operational Highlights

Precision Oncology, Emavusertib (IRAK4 Inhibitor)

TakeAim Leukemia

In July, the Company announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removed the partial clinical hold on the TakeAim Leukemia Phase 1/2 study of emavusertib. Further, the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for emavusertib as a monotherapy has been confirmed at 300 mg BID in patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) or Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS).
The Company is currently enrolling relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML patients with FLT3 mutation or a spliceosome mutation (U2AF1 or SF3B1 mutation) who have received ≤ 2 prior lines of treatment in the monotherapy study.
The Company is also planning a combination study of emavusertib with azacitidine and venetoclax to treat AML patients in the front-line setting.
TakeAim Lymphoma

The Company is focusing its lymphoma clinical development efforts on Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma for which there are limited treatment options. The Company is currently enrolling pCNSL patients in its TakeAim Lymphoma study in which patients are being treated with a combination of emavusertib and ibrutinib.
Upcoming Milestones

We expect updated clinical data in both the monotherapy and combination studies in 2024.
Corporate

In July 2023, the Company completed a registered direct offering with net proceeds of approximately $13.8 million.

First Quarter 2023 Financial Results

For the second quarter of 2023, Curis reported a net loss of $12.0 million or $0.12 per share on both a basic and diluted basis as compared to $15.9 million or $0.17 per share on both a basic and diluted basis, for the same period in 2022. Curis reported a net loss of $23.5 million or $0.24 per share on both a basic and diluted basis, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to a net loss of $32.0 million or $0.35 per share on both a basic and diluted basis for the same period in 2022.

Revenues for the first quarter of 2023 were $2.2 million as compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2022. Revenues for both periods consist of royalty revenues from Genentech’s and Roche’s sales of Erivedge. Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were both $4.5 million.

Research and development expenses were $10.0 million for the second quarter of 2023, as compared to $12.3 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower employee related costs due to a reduction in headcount. Research and development expenses were $19.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $23.8 million for the same period in 2022.

General and administrative expenses were $4.2 million for the second quarter of 2023, as compared to $5.1 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease was mainly attributable to lower employee related costs due to a reduction in headcount. General and administrative expenses were $9.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $10.8 million for the same period in 2022.

Other income, net was $0.2 million for the second quarter of 2023, as compared to other expense, net of $0.9 million for the same period in 2022. Other income (expense), net primarily consisted of interest income partially offset by expense related to future royalty payments. Other income, net was $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to other expense, net $1.9 million for the same period in 2022.

Including the impact of the July Registered Direct offering, Curis’s cash, cash equivalents and investments totaled $77.4 million, and the Company had approximately 117.7 million shares of common stock outstanding. Curis expects its existing cash, cash equivalents and investments should enable it to maintain its planned operations into 2025.

Conference Call Information

Curis management will host a conference call today, August 3, 2023, at 4:30 p.m. ET, to discuss the business update and these financial results.

To access the live conference call, please dial 1-888-346-6389 from the United States or 1-412-317-5252 from other locations, shortly before 4:30 p.m. ET. The conference call can also be accessed on the Curis website in the Investors section.

Avalo Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results and Provides Business Updates

On August 3, 2023 Avalo Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: AVTX), reported business updates and financial results for the second quarter of 2023 (Press release, Avalo Therapeutics, AUG 3, 2023, View Source [SID1234633741]).

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"Although the PEAK trial did not meet its primary endpoint, mechanistically I believe AVTX-002 has promise in other inflammatory driven diseases including IBD and other diseases of the lung, gut and skin. Additionally, we believe an opportunity remains in asthma, particularly in a subset of patients with higher baseline LIGHT levels. We also have high confidence in our preclinical stage fully human BTLA agonist fusion protein (AVTX-008) to potentially treat a wide range of autoimmune diseases and are excited by the drug’s novel mechanism of action and potential usage in patients not responsive to anti-TNF therapy," said Dr. Garry Neil, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. "The team is working tirelessly to determine the best path forward for these assets, including indication selection and funding to support development."

Corporate Updates:

•In June of 2023, Avalo prepaid $6 million of principal under its loan and security agreement. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining principal payments were $15.2 million.
•On July 20, 2023, Avalo entered into a forbearance agreement with its debt lenders, pursuant to which the parties agreed that an event of default had occurred due to a material adverse change in the Company’s business and the lenders agreed to forbear from enforcing its full remedies, including acceleration of the amounts due, until August 15, 2023 or earlier triggering event.
•Avalo is considering out-licensing or sale of its non-core and potentially its core assets to increase focus and reduce future expenses. In July of 2023, Avalo entered into a non-binding letter of intent for the potential sale of AVTX-801 (D-galactose), AVTX-802 (D-mannose) and AVTX-803 (L-fucose).

Program Updates:

•AVTX-002: Anti-LIGHT monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting immune-inflammatory diseases.
◦Avalo announced that its Phase 2 PEAK trial in patients with NEA did not meet its primary endpoint, measured by the proportion of patients who experienced an asthma-related event (ARE), however AVTX-002 demonstrated a significant and sustained reduction in LIGHT levels and a favorable safety and tolerability profile. Further, a preliminary post-hoc analyses for a sub-population of patients with baseline LIGHT levels over 125 pg/mL, which represented over 50% of patients, showed an approximately 50% reduction in AREs for patients treated with AVTX-002 compared to placebo.
◦Previously demonstrated AVTX-002 was statistically significant in reducing respiratory failure and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 ARDS in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. AVTX-002 also demonstrated positive trends in an open-label study in Crohn’s Disease.
◦AVTX-002 showed a rapid and sustained reduction of LIGHT levels in all indications studied including COVID-19 ARDS, Crohn’s Disease and NEA.
◦Avalo will continue to evaluate the topline results of the Phase 2 PEAK trial, while also pursuing funding for the program, to inform future development plans.
1

•AVTX-008: B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) agonist fusion protein targeting immune dysregulation disorders.
◦Avalo previously identified a lead molecule, is evaluating several immune dysregulation disorders to pursue and plans to rapidly progress the asset to IND, subject to funding.
•AVTX-803: Fucose replacement for leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II (LAD II, also known as SLC35C1-CDG), a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG).
◦In July of 2023, Avalo entered into a non-binding letter of intent for the potential sale of AVTX-801 (D-galactose), AVTX-802 (D-mannose) and AVTX-803 (L-fucose).

Second Quarter 2023 Financial Update:

Avalo had $6.3 million in cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2023, representing a $6.9 million decrease compared to December 31, 2022. The decrease was driven by operating expenditures to fund pipeline development and a $6 million partial prepayment under the loan and security agreement and were partially offset by $20.3 million of net proceeds from equity financings.

Total operating expenses decreased $17.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by decreases to both selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses as a result of cost savings initiatives implemented in the first quarter of 2022 and fewer programs ongoing in the current year.

The net loss and net loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was largely driven by operating expenses.

About AVTX-002 (quisovalimab)

AVTX-002 is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb), directed against human LIGHT (Lymphotoxin-like, exhibits Inducible expression, and competes with Herpes Virus Glycoprotein D for Herpesvirus Entry Mediator (HVEM), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes). There is increasing evidence that the dysregulation of the LIGHT-signaling network which includes LIGHT, its receptors HVEM and LTβR and the downstream checkpoint BTLA, is a disease-driving mechanism in autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in barrier organs. Therefore, we believe reducing LIGHT levels can moderate immune dysregulation in many acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. AVTX-002 previously demonstrated proof of concept in COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome including reduction in mortality and respiratory failure, as well as a positive signal in Crohn’s Disease.

About AVTX-008

AVTX-008 is a fully human B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) agonist fusion protein in the IND-enabling stage.