On April 29, 2025 Bayer reported initiation of a Phase I clinical trial with 225Ac-GPC3 (BAY 3547926), an investigational targeted alpha radiopharmaceutical being developed to treat tumors expressing Glypican-3 (GPC3) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Press release, Bayer, APR 29, 2025, View Source [SID1234652345]). Oncofetal protein GPC3 is a membrane-associated proteoglycan which is overexpressed in 70-75% of HCC lesions making it an attractive target for targeted radionuclide therapy.1,2 The first-in-human, dose escalation study (NCT06764316) will evaluate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of BAY 3547926 alone, and as a combination therapy in patients with advanced HCC.

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"Hepatocellular carcinoma continues to be a devastating disease for millions of patients and a pressing unmet need in cancer care. The launch of the Phase I trial using the 225Ac-GPC3 radionuclide therapy marks an important milestone in our commitment to develop new medicines targeting cancer cells with high effect size and precision to improve the lives of people living with cancer," said Dominik Ruettinger, M.D., Ph.D., Global Head of Research and Early Development for Oncology at Bayer’s Pharmaceuticals Division. "Through continued research innovation we can unlock the full potential of targeted alpha therapies which is an emerging class of targeted radionuclide therapy and a strategic focus area for Bayer’s precision oncology development portfolio."

Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world with almost 900,000 new cases annually.3 It is the most rapidly growing cause of cancer deaths in the US accounting for approximately 2% of new cases and 5% of cancer deaths.4 Despite recent scientific advancements, many doctors are not satisfied with the therapeutic benefits from the currently available treatments.

Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) has the potential to address high unmet medical need across various cancer types. Bayer’s growing TAT portfolio combines alpha particle-emitting radionuclides with different targeting moieties. 225Ac-GPC3 is the third TAT program in clinical development and the first investigational targeted radiopharmaceutical for Bayer in HCC. The newly disclosed targeted alpha conjugate joins 225Ac-Pelgifatamab and 225Ac-PSMA-Trillium, which are currently in Phase I clinical trials in patients with advanced metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.

On April 28, 2025 Bayer introduced 225Ac-GPC3 in an oral presentation during the "New Drugs on the Horizon" session at the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) (American Association of Cancer Research) Annual Meeting, showcasing preclinical characterization of the asset including the low uptake and fast clearance from normal organs as well as induction of tumor regression in in vivo models. Recognition in this special symposium highlights the company’s commitment for precision oncology development portfolio.

1

Kolluri A and Ho M (2019), The Role of Glypican-3 in Regulating Wnt, YAP, and Hedgehog in Liver Cancer. Front. Oncol. 9:708. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00708.
2

Yongle Wu, Hui Liu, Huiguo Ding, GPC-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: current perspectives, Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2016:3, 63-67.
3

Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, Freddie Bray BSc, MSc, PhD; Mathieu Laversanne MSc; Hyuna Sung PhD; Jacques Ferlay ME; Rebecca L. Siegel MPH; Isabelle Soerjomataram MD, MSc, PhD; Ahmedin Jemal DVM, PhD.
4

SEER Cancer Stat Facts: Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, View Source

About BAY 3547926
BAY 3547926 is an investigational targeted alpha radiopharmaceutical being developed to treat tumors expressing Glypican-3 (GPC3) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is composed of a GPC3 targeting high affinity antibody radiolabeled with actinium-225 (225Ac). 225Ac-GPC3 delivers highly potent alpha-particles to the GPC3-expressing cancer cells, with the potential to inducing DNA double-strand breaks, reducing cancer cell viability which may potentially cause anti-tumor activity.

About Targeted Alpha Therapy
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is an emerging class of radionuclide therapy that can be used against a variety of tumors. It delivers alpha particle radiation directly to the tumor inside the body, either via its bone-seeking property (radium-223) or by combining alpha radionuclides, such as actinium-225, with specific targeting moieties.

Actinium-225 is an alpha particle–emitting radionuclide with a 9.9-day half-life. Alpha particles deposit highly ionizing radiation over a short range. This localized delivery of the radioactive payload induces irreparable DNA double-strand breaks, often resulting in cell death. At the same time, because the energy travels a short range, damage to nearby normal tissues is much reduced.