On January 16, 2019 ADC Therapeutics, an oncology drug discovery and development company that specializes in the development of proprietary antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), reported that the first patient has been dosed in its Phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor activity of ADCT-601 in patients with selected solid tumors that are locally advanced or metastatic (Press release, Synaffix, JAN 16, 2019, View Source [SID1234532771]).

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ADCT-601 is an ADC composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody against human AXL, conjugated using GlycoConnect site specific conjugation technology to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer toxin. In preclinical studies, ADCT-601 demonstrated potent and specific in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in multiple cancer-derived models with different levels of AXL expression, and was stable and well tolerated.

Jay Feingold, MD, PhD, Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President of Clinical Development at ADC Therapeutics, said, "AXL is a novel and ideal target for an ADC approach, as it is overexpressed in many solid tumor types. We look forward to exploring the effect of ADCT-601 on patients with selected advanced solid tumors who have failed or are intolerant to any established therapy. With five ADCs in eight ongoing clinical trials for multiple indications, we believe our highly targeted therapies have the potential to meaningfully improve outcomes for patients with solid tumors and hematological cancers."

The open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial will include a Phase Ia dose-escalation part followed by a Phase Ib dose-expansion part. The dose-escalation part is designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of ADCT-601. The identified dose will be evaluated in the dose-expansion part. Approximately 75 patients will be enrolled in the trial. For more information, please visit www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT03700294).

About ADCT-601

ADCT-601 is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to human AXL, conjugated using GlycoConnect technology to a linker with a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer toxin. Once bound to an AXL-expressing cell, ADCT-601 is internalized into the cell where enzymes release the PBD-based warhead. The PBD-based warhead has the ability to form highly cytotoxic DNA interstrand cross-links, blocking cell division and ultimately killing the cancer cell. ADCT-601 is being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT03700294).

On January 16, 2019 Phoenix Molecular Designs (PhoenixMD), a privately-held biotechnology company designing precise cancer therapeutics by targeting essential kinases, reported that it has entered into a collaboration with Roche to develop a diagnostic (CDx) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (Press release, PhoenixMD, JAN 16, 2019, View Source [SID1234553816]). The Roche CDx identifies RSK2 activation in human tumors. In cancer, the PDK-1 and MAPK pathways converge on RSK2 to activate it, moving it from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Measuring nuclear RSK2 signifies activation and abundance of this emerging drug target.

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Complementing its diagnostic efforts, PhoenixMD has also developed PMD-026, which is the first orally available small molecule inhibitor that targets RSK2, a prime drug target in multiple cancers. The leading focus for PhoenixMD is in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) given the companies’ core expertise in developing breast cancer therapeutics.

The diagnostic assay developed through the Roche/PhoenixMD collaboration will relay information on how active the RSK2 pathway is in TNBC and other cancers. Preliminary data indicates that 80 percent of cases (52/65 TNBC cases) express activated RSK2. More broadly, researchers have investigated more than 300 biopsies and found that RSK2 is activated in 65 percent of tumors from a study of 13 different tumor types. RSK2 was also detected in breast cancer metastases using this method. Over the coming months, Roche will establish a CAP/CLIA certified protocol as a gateway into clinical tumor analyses. In upcoming clinical trials, PhoenixMD will further refine the precision of the RSK2 CDx in identifying patients that may ultimately benefit from PMD-026. In the near term, PhoenixMD expects to file an IND for PMD-026 and initiate a Phase I/Ib study in women with TNBC.

"By working together, PhoenixMD and Roche are at the forefront of innovation in TNBC, the most deadly breast cancer type with no approved therapies. Creating our diagnostic assay and identifying disease biomarkers, such as RSK2 for TNBC, will dramatically reduce the development time needed to create targeted drugs and will improve a drug’s chance of advancing through clinical trials," said Dr. Sandra E. Dunn, CEO of PhoenixMD. "The top-line data generated from our CDx is encouraging, and we look forward to applying these learnings to identify TNBC patients that may benefit from PMD-026 in our upcoming Phase I/Ib study."

About Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and RSK Kinases

Approximately 400,000 cases of TNBC are diagnosed every year worldwide and it is one of the most difficult breast cancer subtypes to treat due to lack of effective, targeted therapies. TNBC also claims the lives of young women more than any other type of breast cancer due to a lack of understanding around the therapeutic bullseye. It is also a very heterogeneous disease, therefore a common denominator across TNBC types was necessary to identify the bullseye. Through genome-wide screens, RSK was identified as the prime target for TNBC by scientists at PhoenixMD. Currently, there are no approved targeted therapies available for TNBC.

There are four types of RSK involved in cancer, known as RSK1-4, and each type has a unique role in the development of the disease. RSK1 is responsible for cancer cell invasion and is an important driver in the spread of cancer. RSK2 controls cancer cell growth, and RSK3 and RSK4 are associated with drug resistance.

RSK1 and RSK2 have been proven critical to the survival of patients with TNBC. Over 90 percent of primary TNBC cases express high levels of RSK1 and RSK2. Inhibiting RSK2 eliminates TNBC cells completely, including cancer stem cells, which give rise to cancer recurrence. PhoenixMD, with its novel, targeted approach, is focused on creating patented cancer RSK inhibitors and companion diagnostics for cancer indications – initially in breast cancer – with the potential to treat blood, brain, ovarian, lung, skin, prostate, colon, head and neck cancers.

While there are currently no approved targeted therapies for TNBC, several drugs are involved in research studies and clinical trials. PhoenixMD is addressing this unmet medical need through a novel, targeted approach by inhibiting critical kinases, such as RSK1-4, a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that promote cell proliferation, growth, motility and survival. For this target, PhoenixMD developed PMD-026, a first-in-class, specific RSK inhibitor that blocks downstream signaling of RSK and induces apoptosis.

On January 16, 2019 Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ:ALPN), a leading immunotherapy company dedicated to developing innovative treatments for patients suffering from cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, reported it has entered into a definitive securities purchase agreement for the sale of units consisting of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase common stock, as described below, in a private placement expected to result in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $25.3 million, before deducting placement agent commissions and other offering expenses (Press release, Alpine Immune Sciences, JAN 16, 2019, View Source [SID1234532679]). The private placement is being led by Decheng Capital with participation from existing investors OrbiMed Advisors, Frazier Healthcare Partners, Alpine BioVentures, and BVF Partners L.P. Effective on the closing of the private placement, the Company expects to appoint Min Cui, Ph.D., Founder and Managing Director of Decheng Capital, to the Alpine Board of Directors.

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Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement, at the closing of the private placement, Alpine will issue units representing an aggregate of approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 1.8 million shares of common stock. The aggregate purchase price of each unit, which consists of one share of common stock plus a warrant to purchase 0.39 shares of common stock, is $5.37. The warrants to purchase common stock will have a per share exercise price of $12.74 and will be exercisable at any time on or after the closing date and through the fifth anniversary of the closing date. The price per unit was based in part upon the average of the last five closing prices of the common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market.

The private placement is expected to close on or about January 18, 2019, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. Additional details regarding the private placement will be included in a Form 8-K to be filed by Alpine with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Alpine intends to use the net proceeds to fund development of lead programs ALPN-101 in autoimmune and inflammatory indications and ALPN-202 in cancer.

Piper Jaffray & Co. acted as sole placement agent in the transaction.

The securities being sold in the private placement have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration with the SEC or an applicable exemption from such registration requirements. Alpine has agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC covering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable in connection with the private placement and upon exercise of the warrants.

This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction.

On January 16, 2019 The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson reported that the European Commission (EC) has granted marketing authorisation for ERLEADA (apalutamide), a next generation oral androgen receptor inhibitor for the treatment of adult patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) who are at high risk of developing metastatic disease (Press release, Johnson & Johnson, JAN 16, 2019, View Source [SID1234532680]).

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The EC approval is based on data from the pivotal Phase 3 SPARTAN study, which was published in The New England Journal of Medicine. The study assessed the efficacy and safety of apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) versus placebo plus ADT in patients with nmCRPC who had a rapidly rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) level despite receiving continuous ADT. Findings from the study showed that apalutamide plus ADT, significantly reduced the risk of developing distant metastasis or death (metastasis free survival [MFS]) by 72 percent, compared to placebo in combination with ADT (HR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.23-0.35; P < 0.001). The median MFS was improved by over two years (40.5 months vs. 16.2 months) in patients with nmCRPC whose PSA is rapidly rising.1

"One of the key goals in prostate cancer treatment is to delay the disease from spreading. Once the cancer spreads, it can become less responsive to treatment, impacting patients’ quality of life and ultimately worsening their prognosis. Median survival for these patients is approximately three years," said Dr Simon Chowdhury, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London. "It is crucial that we delay the development of metastases for as long as possible. Therefore, the approval of apalutamide, a treatment which can significantly increase time without metastases, is a major step-forward for patients with prostate cancer."*

"Today’s approval of apalutamide is a significant milestone and we are pleased that we can now offer patients with high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer a new treatment option," said Dr Ivo Winiger-Candolfi M.D., Janssen Oncology Solid Tumor Therapy Area Lead, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Cilag GmbH International. "Bringing medicines to patients at earlier stages of disease is vital, and the approval of apalutamide could mark a step change in how we treat prostate cancer in the future. Crucially, treating patients at this stage could delay the cancer from spreading, a key part of our commitment to patients living with this disease and to their families."

The most common Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events in the SPARTAN study were hypertension (14.3 percent vs. 11.8 percent), rash (5.2 percent vs. 0.3 percent), fall (1.7 percent vs. 0.8 percent) and fracture (2.7 percent vs. 0.8 percent). Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was 11 percent in the apalutamide arm compared to 7 percent in the placebo arm. Rates of serious adverse events were similar in the apalutamide in combination with ADT arm versus placebo in combination with ADT arm (25 percent vs. 23 percent respectively).1

ENDS

About Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) refers to a disease stage when the cancer no longer responds to medical or surgical treatments that lower testosterone, but has not yet been discovered in other parts of the body using a bone scan or CT scan.2 Features include: lack of detectable metastatic disease; rapidly rising prostate-specific antigen while on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and serum testosterone level below 50 ng/dL.3 Ninety percent of patients with non-metastatic CRPC will eventually develop bone metastases, which can lead to pain, fractures and spinal cord compression.3 The relative 5-year survival rate for patients with distant stage castration sensitive or castration resistant prostate cancer is 30 percent.4,5

About apalutamide

Apalutamide is a next-generation oral androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that blocks the androgen signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Apalutamide inhibits the growth of cancer cells in three ways: by preventing the binding of androgen to the AR; by stopping the AR from entering the cancer cells; and by preventing the AR from binding to the DNA of the cancer cell.6

In the United States, apalutamide received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with nmCRPC in February 2018, shortly followed by approvals in Canada, Australia, Argentina and Brazil.7,8,9,10

On January 16, 2019 NeoImmuneTech, Inc., an immunotherapy drug development company focused on advanced cancer treatments, and Genexine, reported that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted its Investigational New Drug (IND) application to evaluate the combination of Hyleukin-7 (IL-7-hyFc) and atezolizumab (Tecentriq) in patients with high-risk skin cancers (Press release, NeoImmuneTech, JAN 16, 2019, View Source [SID1234532681]).

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The phase 1b/2a clinical study will be led by NeoImmuneTech and the Immune Oncology Network (ION), a network of clinical research investigators from leading cancer centers and universities in North America that conducts multicenter trial of high priority immunotherapy agents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and preliminary anti-tumor activity of Hyleukin-7 in combination with Tecentriq in approximately 80 patients with anti-PD-(L)1 naïve or relapsed/refractory high-risk skin cancers. The planned multi-center open-label trial will be conducted in the US. ION is headquartered at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle Washington.

Martin A. "Mac" Cheever, M.D., Director of ION and the National Cancer Institute’s Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network had stated, "Hyleukin-7 has shown in multiple studies to substantially increase the total body complement of T cells with little toxicity. Hyleukin-7 is designed to be effective when used in concert with a variety of different immunotherapy regimens, including the combination with anti-PD-(L)1 that is being tested in this trial."

"Patients with high-risk skin cancers have very poor prognosis and limited treatment options," NgocDiep Le, M.D.,Ph.D., NeoImmuneTech Chief Medical Officer added. "Although anti-PD-1/PD-L1, including Tecentriq, can induce remarkable responses in a subset of patients with skin cancers, PD-(L)1 blockade fails to induce complete responses in most patients, especially those with low tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Based on the mechanism of action of Hyleukin-7, we believe that combining Hyleukin-7 with a checkpoint inhibitor, such as Tecentriq, would increase the frequency and/or depth of responses to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition."

Brian Gastman, M.D., the Principal Investigator of this trial, a surgeon and otolaryngologist of Cleveland Clinic, a member of ION, also said, "With the exciting advances in checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy, we are at an inflection point to identify the next generation of cancer treatments to enhance both survival outcome and quality of life for our patients. Hyleukin-7 has all of the aspects of a therapy that should work to enhance current immunotherapies especially in the various high-risk skin cancer patient populations. I am personally excited to witness this class of drug entering the clinical trial phase as the pre-clinical results have been so promising and the need for an additional novel immunotherapy class of drugs has never been so pressing."

About Hyleukin-7TM
Hyleukin-7 TM (rhIL-7-hyFc, NT-I7), an immuno-oncology agent, is a T cell amplifier comprising a covalently linked homodimer of engineered Interleukin-7 (IL-7) molecule, biologically fused with the proprietary long-acting platform – hyFc. IL-7 is known to be a critical factor for T cells, acting to increase both the number and functionality of T cells. Hyleukin-7 could play a pivotal role in reconstituting and reinvigoratiing T cell immunity in the treatment of patients with cancer and lymphopenia, as well as providing unique opportunities for immuno-oncology (IO) combination strategies. Hyleukin-7 is being developed as an "IO enabling" therapy to harness T cell immunity in combination with current cancer treatments such as anti-PD-(L)1 agents or chemo/radiotherapy. NeoImmuneTech and Genexine, Inc. (Genexine) are collaborating for clinical trials in advanced solid tumors, glioblastoma, etc. in the US and Korea.