Janssen Announces European Commission Approval of Imbruvica®▼(ibrutinib) for Expanded Use in Two Indications

On August 13, 2019 The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson reported that the European Commission (EC) has approved variations to broaden the use of Imbruvica (ibrutinib) in two indications (Press release, Johnson & Johnson, AUG 13, 2019, View Source [SID1234538653]). This includes the use of ibrutinib in combination with obinutuzumab in adult patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and the use of ibrutinib plus rituximab for the treatment of adult patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM). The approval follows the Positive Opinion from the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) on 28 June 2019.

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"The data supporting both the CLL and WM approvals show significant improvements in progression free survival with the use of ibrutinib-based therapy versus the standard of care study comparators respectively," said Dr Alessandra Tedeschi, Medical Director, Department of Hematology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy, and investigator in both the iNNOVATE and iLLUMINATE studies. "These approvals therefore provide healthcare professionals with new chemotherapy-free options for patients with these complex blood cancers."

The approval in CLL was based on results from the Phase 3 iLLUMINATE (PCYC-1130) study, published in The Lancet Oncology, which investigated ibrutinib in combination with obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab in patients with previously untreated CLL.1

In WM, the decision was based on data from the Phase 3 iNNOVATE (PCYC-1127) study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine.2 The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in combination with rituximab, versus rituximab with placebo, in patients with previously untreated and relapsed/refractory WM.3

Additional information about both studies can be found at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02264574 and NCT02165397).4,5

"With five European Commission approvals in five years, this latest EC decision further extends the potential reach and impact ibrutinib can have for patients," said Craig Tendler, M.D., Vice President, Clinical Development and Global Medical Affairs, Oncology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC. "We remain committed to a comprehensive clinical development programme for ibrutinib, including exploring its use in other combinations, to address the needs of more and more patients with B-cell malignancies."

Ibrutinib, a first-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, is jointly developed and commercialised by Janssen Biotech, Inc., and Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie company.

Dr Alessandra Tedeschi is co-investigator in both the iNNOVATE and iLLUMINATE studies. She was not compensated for any media work.

#ENDS#

About ibrutinib
Ibrutinib is a first-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, which works by forming a strong covalent bond with BTK to block the transmission of cell survival signals within the malignant B-cells.6 By blocking this BTK protein, ibrutinib decreases survival and migration of B lymphocytes, thereby delaying progression of the cancer.7

Ibrutinib is currently approved in Europe for:8

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): As a single agent or in combination with obinutuzumab for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated CLL, and as a single agent or in combination with bendamustine and rituximab (BR) for the treatment of adult patients with CLL who have received at least one prior therapy
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): As a single agent for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory MCL
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM): As a single agent for the treatment of adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy or in first-line treatment for patients unsuitable for chemo-immunotherapy, and in combination with rituximab for the treatment of adult patients
Ibrutinib is approved in more than 95 countries, and, to date, has been used to treat more than 158,000 patients worldwide across its approved indications.

The most common adverse reactions seen with ibrutinib include diarrhoea, neutropenia, haemorrhage (e.g., bruising), musculoskeletal pain, nausea, rash, and pyrexia.8

For a full list of side effects and information on dosage and administration, contraindications and other precautions when using ibrutinib please refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics for further information.

About chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is typically a slow-growing blood cancer of the white blood cells.9 The overall incidence of CLL in Europe is approximately 4.92 cases per 100,000 persons per year and is about 1.5 times more common in men than in women.10 CLL is predominantly a disease of the elderly, with a median age of 72 years at diagnosis.11

The disease eventually progresses in the majority of patients, and they are faced with fewer treatment options with each relapse. Patients are often prescribed multiple lines of therapy as they relapse or become resistant to treatments.

About Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).12 It causes overproduction of a protein called monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, which causes a thickening of the blood.13 Incidence rates among men and women in Europe are approximately 7.3 and 4.2 per million persons, respectively.14 The causes of WM are unknown, with it typically affecting older adults and being slightly more common in men than women.12,14

INmune Bio Reports Second Quarter 2019 Financial Results and Provides Shareholder Update

On August 13, 2019 INmune Bio, Inc. (NASDAQ: INMB) (the "Company"), an immunology company focused on developing treatments that harness the patient’s innate immune system to fight disease, reported its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2019 and is providing a business update for the year-to-date (Press release, INmune Bio, AUG 13, 2019, View Source [SID1234538726]).

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2019 Year-to-Date Corporate Highlights:

·INmune Bio’s management team rang the NASDAQ closing bell on Tuesday, April 9, 2019, to celebrate the Company’s successful initial public offering ("IPO") in February 2019.
·In May, the Company closed a private placement of approximately $4.7M of Common Stock priced led by Insiders and existing shareholders.
·The Company published data on INmune Bio’s INB16 (INKmune) cell line in peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE.
·Reported positive preliminary data from INB03 Phase I clinical trial in cancer followed by a final report later this year as the Company advances the program into a Phase II study.
·Edguardo (Ed) Baracchini a biotech business development veteran joined the board of directors.

"This year we remained focused on advancing our pipeline," stated RJ Tesi, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of INmune Bio. "More recently we announced we have begun planning a Phase II trial for INB03 after receiving positive preliminary data from its clinical Phase I study. This preliminary data has allowed us to move forward with the development of INB03 as a combination immunotherapy for patients with cancer. We anticipate our full data set to be reported later this year followed by a Phase II study."

Our clinical programs continue to advance:

·Received preliminary positive data on INB03’s Phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors. The trial was successful in determining, in order of priority, the safety of INB03 in cancer patients, the adequate dosage of INB03, and evidence of a biologic effect, as the Company begins planning a Phase II trial in cancer patients using INB03 as part of their combination immunotherapy. The target INB03 trough level was reached in three of three patients in the 1.0 mg/kg group. The inflammatory cytokine IL6, a biomarker of soluble TNF function, decreased by more than 50% in half of the patients, suggesting a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03.

·INmune anticipates it will start patient enrollment in the Phase I study of XPro1595 for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and INKmune, INmune Bio’s NK cell therapy focused on eliminating residual disease after cancer therapy, in the second half of 2019.

Financial Results for the Second Quarter Ended June 30, 2019:

Net loss attributable to common stockholders for the second quarter ended June 30, 2019 was $0.4 million, compared to $6.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. Net loss incurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2019 included a noncash waiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million partially offset by noncash stock-based compensation expense of $1.0 million.

Research and development expense totaled approximately $0.3 million for the second quarter ended June 30, 2019, compared with approximately $0.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, research and development expense included $0.6 million of research and development expense related to clinical trials, partially offset by $0.3 million of grants from the Alzheimer’s Association which the Company recognized as contra research and development expense.

General and administrative expense was approximately $1.7 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, compared to approximately $5.9 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2018. The $4.2 million decline in general and administrative expense is due to lower noncash stock-based compensation ($1.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 compared to $5.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018), partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses including investor relations and payroll expense.

At June 30, 2019, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $9.4 million with no debt. In May, the Company closed a private placement of approximately $4.7 million of Common Stock led by insiders and existing shareholders.

As of August 9, 2019 the Company had 10.8 million common and 13.9 million fully diluted shares outstanding.

DiaMedica Therapeutics to Present at the 2019 Intellisight Investor Conference on August 14, 2019

On August 12, 2019 DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc. (Nasdaq: DMAC) reported that Rick Pauls, President and CEO, will be presenting at the 2019 Intellisight Conference, Wednesday, August 14th at 9:00 am Central Time at University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis, Minnesota (Press release, DiaMedica, AUG 12, 2019, View Source [SID1234538594]).

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About Intellisight

Intellisight is a 2-day conference sponsored by the University of St. Thomas – School of Law for institutional investors to meet with leadership teams from numerous companies, and for company leadership to meet with influential investors representing more than 200 buy-side firms.

Aridis Pharmaceuticals Announces Second Quarter 2019 Results

On August 12, 2019 Aridis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ARDS), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of targeted immunotherapies using fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat life-threatening bacterial infections, reported financial and corporate results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2019 (Press release, Aridis Pharmaceuticals, AUG 12, 2019, View Source [SID1234538610]).

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Second Quarter Highlights and Recent Developments

Remained on schedule to report top line data in Q3 2019 for AR-105’s global Phase 2 clinical trial for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
Received Orphan Drug designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and The European Medicines Agency (EMA) for AR-501, an inhalable therapy being clinically tested for the treatment of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
Received Qualified Infectious Diseases Product (QIDP) and Fast-Track designations from the FDA for AR-501.
Maintained enrollment pace of AR-501’s Phase 1/2a clinical trial with top-line data from healthy subjects expected towards the end of Q1 2020 and from cystic fibrosis patients in Q2 2021.
Advanced Phase 3 global clinical trial of AR-301 targeting gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in critically ill VAP patients. Remained on track to report interim data in Q1 2020 with top line data expected in late 2020.
Bolstered leadership team with appointment of Dr. Susan Windham-Bannister to Board of Directors.
Announced the execution of a $10 million equity purchase transaction at a premium of approximately 31% and entered into an option agreement with Serum International B.V. ("SIBV"), an affiliate of the Serum Institute of India Private Limited ("SIIL"), for exclusive rights to license products and mAb discovery platform technology MabIgX.
Received an upfront cash payment of $5 million upon execution of the option agreement with SIBV and will receive an additional $10 million upon execution of the license agreement by August 31, 2019.
"The second quarter proved to be a significant period of growth for the company," commented Vu Truong, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Aridis Pharmaceuticals. "In addition to maintaining the development pace of our clinical programs, I am very pleased with the work performed by the entire team as we evaluated and ultimately brought on SIBV as a shareholder and potentially a commercial partner for certain ex-U.S. and ex-EU markets. SBIV’s parent company, SIIL, is a bona fide leader in vaccines and biologics that has in recent years acquired formidable capabilities in monoclonal antibody development and manufacturing. I am particularly pleased that the option agreement not only includes a selection of our products, but also provides SIBV access to our ground-breaking MabIgX platform for new asset identification and development, which is a testament to the quality of the technology."

Clinical Program Update

AR-105: The Company is pleased to report that AR-105’s global Phase 2 clinical trial is on track to report topline data in Q3 2019. The trial, which was fully enrolled during the first quarter of 2019, consists of 158 treated patients and is evaluating AR-105, a broadly active, fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of VAP caused by gram-negative P. aeruginosa. Details of the study can be viewed on www.clinicaltrials.gov using identifier NCT03027609.

AR-105 has the potential to treat all patient populations infected by P. aeruginosa and is not limited to any subset of P. aeruginosa infected patients. Therefore, pending the outcome of the Phase 2 trial, Aridis will evaluate whether there is a need to embark on a separate Phase 2/3 clinical trial for AR-101, another pipeline product which is a highly specific monoclonal antibody targeting P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide serotype O11 that accounts for a subset of approximately 22% of all P. aeruginosa hospital-acquired infections worldwide.

AR-301: During the second quarter, Aridis continued enrolling its Phase 3 global clinical trial for AR-301, which targets gram-positive S. aureus in critically ill VAP patients. The trial, which was initiated in the first quarter of 2019, is expected to enroll 240 patients at approximately 140 clinical centers in 20 countries. Interim data is expected in Q1 2020 and top line data is expected in late 2020. Participating centers in all countries are following the same stringent clinical protocols and procedures for critically ill VAP patients, as is standard in the U.S. and Europe. The trial represents the first ever Phase 3 superiority clinical study evaluating immunotherapy with a fully human monoclonal antibody to treat acute pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Details of the study can be viewed on www.clinicaltrials.gov using identifier NCT03816956.

AR-301 is a broadly active, fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody, specifically targeting gram-positive S. aureus alpha-toxin. It has been shown in vitro to protect against alpha-toxin mediated destruction of host cells, thereby potentially preserving the human immune response. AR-301’s mode of action is independent of the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus and it is active against infections caused by both MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus) and MSSA (methicillin sensitive S. aureus).

AR-501: During the second quarter, Aridis continued enrolling patients in its Phase 1/2a clinical trial of this inhalable formulation of gallium citrate being evaluated to treat chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. The single ascending dose cohorts of healthy subjects have completed dosing and the Safety Monitoring Committee has recommended proceeding into the multiple ascending dose cohorts. The Company expects to report data from the Phase 1 portion of the trial which consists of healthy subjects in Q1 2020 and the Phase 2a segment with cystic fibrosis subjects in Q2 2021.

AR-501, which is being developed in collaboration with the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, has been granted by the FDA both Fast Track and QIDP designations. In addition, during the second quarter, the FDA and recently (July 19, 2019), the EMA granted AR-501 Orphan Drug Designation.

Details of the Phase 1/2a clinical trial, which is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled single and multiple dose-ascending trial investigating the safety and pharmacokinetics of inhaled AR-501 in healthy volunteers and cystic fibrosis patients with chronic bacterial lung infections, can be viewed on www.clinicaltrials.gov using identifier NCT03669614. The study is expected to accrue 48 healthy adult volunteers and 48 cystic fibrosis patients from approximately 15 sites in the U.S.

Corporate Update and Recent Developments

During the second quarter, the Company enhanced its leadership team with the appointment of Susan Windham-Bannister, Ph.D., to its Board of Directors. Dr. Windham-Bannister, an internationally recognized expert in advising biopharma companies on market access, growth optimization and portfolio management strategies, currently serves as President and CEO of Biomedical Growth Strategies., LLC and Managing Partner of Biomedical Innovation Advisors, LLC, an advisory firm serving the healthcare industry which she founded with Dr. Harvey Lodish, co-founder of Genzyme. As Aridis prepares for multiple data readouts over the course of 2019 and into the first quarter of next year, Dr. Windham-Bannister’s expertise will be utilized in addressing key areas such as healthcare policy, drug reimbursement and commercial strategy for the Company’s product candidates.

On July 30, 2019, Aridis announced that the Company entered into equity purchase and option agreements with SIBV, the world’s largest vaccine manufacturer by dose. SIBV invested $10 million into Aridis and received 801,820 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at a price of approximately $12.47 per share, which represented a premium of approximately 31% to the closing share price of Aridis common stock on July 29, 2019.

Pursuant to the option agreement, Aridis received a $5 million upfront payment and will receive an additional $10 million upon execution of the license agreement by August 31, 2019. The upfront payment is refundable should the parties not complete the license agreement. Furthermore, assuming the license agreement is executed, Aridis expects to receive as much as $42.5 million in future milestone payments for achieving product development and commercial objectives, along with royalties on net sales.

The license agreement will provide SIBV with the right to in-license Aridis’ clinical stage programs AR-301(VAP), AR-105 (VAP) and AR-101 (hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)). These license rights will be exclusive and to a limited territory which includes markets outside of the U.S., Europe, Canada, UK, China, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Also, the agreement will include the option to acquire an exclusive, worldwide license (excluding China) to AR-201, a preclinical fully human mAb for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In addition, SIBV may elect to collaborate with Aridis to utilize MabIgX to identify and advance up to five SIBV wholly-owned programs. MabIgX is Aridis’ proprietary technology platform to rapidly identify rare, potent antibody-producing B-cells from patients who have successfully overcome an infection to produce mAbs.

Fiscal 2019 Second Quarter Results:

Cash: Total cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2019 was $8.5 million. In July 2019, we received net proceeds of approximately $9.2 million from the sale of 801,820 shares of restricted common stock. In addition, the Company received an upfront cash payment of $5 million upon the execution of an option agreement. This upfront payment is refundable should the parties not complete the license agreement by August 31, 2019.
Revenues: Total revenues for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 was zero, a decrease of $22,000 over the same period in 2018.
Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 were $6.7 million, an increase of $2.8 million over the same period in 2018 due primarily to an increase in spending on clinical trial activities and drug manufacturing for our AR-301 program and an increase in spending on drug manufacturing for our AR-105 Phase 3 program, partially offset by a decrease in spending on clinical trial activities for our AR-105 Phase 2 program, and a decrease in spending on toxicology studies related to our AR-501 program.
General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 were $1.6 million, an increase of $0.9 million over the same period in 2018 due primarily to an increase in professional service fees, an increase in personnel related expenses, an increase in directors’ and officers’ liabilities insurance expense, and an increase in Delaware franchise taxes and patent related fees.
Interest and Other Income, net: Interest and other income, net for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 was $69,000, an increase of approximately $1,000 over the same period in 2018. These increases were due primarily to a higher rate of return on our cash balance partially offset by a lower average cash balance.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability: As a result of all warrants to purchase preferred stock being converted into warrants to purchase common stock upon our IPO in August 2018, there was no warrant liability recorded at the end of the second quarter of 2019. There was a $3.1 million gain attributed to a decrease in the fair value of the warrant liability in the second quarter of 2018.
Net Loss: The net loss available to common shareholders for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 was $8.4 million, or ($1.03) per share, compared to a net loss available to common shareholders of $2.0 million, or ($11.78) per share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. It should be noted that there were 166,373 common shares outstanding during the second quarter of 2018 and until the completion of the Company’s IPO in August 2018. Moreover, there were convertible preferred shares outstanding until the time of the IPO which earned dividends that were distributed as additional shares of preferred stock. All preferred shares were converted to common stock upon the completion of the IPO on August 16, 2018. There were 8.1 million common shares outstanding after the completion of the IPO when all preferred shares were converted to common shares. At December 31, 2018 and at June 30, 2019, there were 8.1 million shares common shares outstanding.

NGM Bio Provides Pipeline Update and Reports Second Quarter 2019 Financial Results

On August 12, 2019 NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: NGM), a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on developing transformative therapeutics for patients, reported second quarter 2019 financial results for the period ending June 30, 2019 (Press release, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, AUG 12, 2019, View Source [SID1234538637]).

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"Our initiation of a Phase 1 clinical study of NGM621 to treat dry AMD demonstrates our continued progress in executing on our goal to operate one of the industry’s most productive R&D engines," said David J. Woodhouse, Ph.D., chief executive officer of NGM. "We have made important progress advancing NGM282 as a potential treatment for NASH, having advanced this program into Phase 2b clinical development earlier this year. With our R&D roots firmly established and continuing to grow in the metabolic and liver spaces, we are actively building a robust pipeline that also includes novel product candidates for additional therapeutic areas, including oncology and ophthalmic diseases. This strategy positions us to tackle a spectrum of significant unmet needs, leveraging fully our in-house biology and biologics expertise."

Second Quarter 2019 and Recent Highlights

Completed enrollment of Cohort 4 of the Phase 2 clinical study of NGM282 (aldafermin) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with F2-F3 fibrosis. Cohort 4 has enrolled 78 patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH and stage F2-F3 liver fibrosis and will assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of aldafermin 1 mg compared to placebo. An interim analysis of the non-invasive measures of efficacy, including liver fat content as measured by MRI-PDFF, liver transaminases and exploratory fibrosis biomarkers, will be conducted in approximately half the subjects after 24 weeks of treatment. NGM expects to report these interim data in the fourth quarter of 2019. Topline results of the full Cohort 4, which will include an assessment of the effect of 24 weeks of treatment on liver histology, are anticipated in early 2020. NGM plans to report preliminary results on ALPINE 2/3, an ongoing Phase 2b study of aldafermin in NASH patients with F2-F3 fibrosis, by the end of 2020.

Dosed first patient in Phase 1 clinical study of NGM621 for the treatment of geographic atrophy, an advanced form of dry AMD. NGM621 is an antibody binding an undisclosed target that has supportive human genetics data to suggest that inhibition of this pathway can effectively slow the progression of vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Currently, there are no approved therapies to treat dry AMD, a disease that is prevalent in approximately one million adults in the United States and progresses to permanent loss of central vision. The primary objective of the Phase 1 clinical study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of up to two intravitreal doses of NGM621 in patients with geographic atrophy.

Completed Phase 1 clinical study of NGM120. NGM is evaluating the potential of NGM120, an antagonistic antibody binding GFRAL, as a potential treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS). The primary objective of the Phase 1 double blind, placebo-controlled single ascending dose and multiple ascending dose study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of NGM120 (single doses up to 400 mg and three monthly doses of up to 200 mg) in healthy adult subjects. Preliminary results demonstrate that NGM120 was well-tolerated at all doses studied and the pharmacokinetics support once-monthly dosing. Later this year, NGM plans to initiate a Phase 1a/1b clinical study to further evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of NGM120, and to gather preliminary evidence of anti-cancer and anti-CACS activity in patients with select solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer.

Second Quarter Financial Results

Related party revenue for the second quarter of 2019 was $25.3 million, compared to $22.1 million for the same period in 2018.

Research and development expenses for the second quarter of 2019 were $28.8 million, compared to $22.8 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily attributable to increases in unallocated research and development expenses associated with personnel-related expenses, external research and development expenses associated with the advancement of NGM’s growing pipeline and aldafermin program expenses due to ongoing Phase 2 and Phase 2b clinical trials.

General and administrative expenses for the second quarter 2019 were $6.2 million, compared to $3.5 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to personnel-related expenses and an increase in legal and professional service expenses required to support NGM’s ongoing operations as a public company.

For the second quarter of 2019, NGM reported a net loss of $7.7 million, compared to a net loss of $3.2 million for the same period in 2018.

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities were $362.2 million as of June 30, 2019, compared to $206.6 million as of December 31, 2018. The increase of $155.6 million was primarily attributable to net cash proceeds of $173.7 million from the Company’s initial public offering and concurrent private placement offset by cash used in operations over the period.