On November 8, 2018 Regulus Therapeutics Inc. (Nasdaq: RGLS), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of innovative medicines targeting microRNAs, reported financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2018 and provided a summary of recent events (Press release, Regulus, NOV 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234531200]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

Third Quarter 2018 Corporate Highlights and Recent Updates

Amended and restructured its Collaboration and License Agreement with Sanofi: In November, Regulus and Sanofi agreed to restructure their Collaboration and License Agreement and immediately transfer development responsibilities of RG-012 for the treatment of Alport syndrome to Sanofi. Sanofi will assume all future costs and development activities associated with the advancement of RG-012, currently in Phase 2 for the treatment of Alport syndrome. Under the terms of the Amendment, Regulus is eligible to receive approximately $7 million in upfront and material transfer payments. Regulus is also eligible to receive up to $40 million in development milestone payments, including a $10 million payment for an interim enrollment milestone. In addition, Sanofi will reimburse Regulus for certain out-of-pocket expenses associated with transition activities and assume Regulus’ upstream license royalty obligations.

Initiated new chronic mouse toxicity study for RGLS4326; data anticipated in Q1 2019: In September 2018, and in consultation with the FDA, the Company initiated a new 27-week chronic mouse toxicity study for RGLS4326 for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), incorporating several changes believed to address the unexpected findings in the earlier terminated chronic mouse toxicity study. This study is ongoing, and data are anticipated in Q1 2019. The Company anticipates the advancement of the RGLS4326 clinical program upon successful resolution of the unexpected findings.

Completed reverse stock split and regained compliance with NASDAQ listing requirements: In a special meeting of stockholders, held September 28, 2018, stockholders voted to approve a proposal authorizing the Board of Directors of the Company to amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation to affect a reverse stock split of Regulus’ outstanding common shares. Following the special meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors approved a 1-for-12 reverse stock split. The Company’s shares began trading on a split-adjusted basis on October 4, 2018. On October 18, 2018, The Nasdaq Stock Market notified Regulus that it had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Global Market.

"The recently announced Sanofi restructuring represents a significant achievement for Regulus, bringing non-dilutive capital and eliminating future spend for this partnered program. Importantly, we are eligible to receive approximately $17 million in upfront and milestone payments anticipated over the next twelve months," said Jay Hagan, President and Chief Executive Officer of Regulus. "In July, we established several near-term key objectives, including reducing our cash burn, restructuring the Sanofi collaboration, advancing our prioritized pipeline, including ADPKD, and positioning other programs for business development opportunities. Regulus has made significant progress towards completing all of these objectives, and we look forward to the continued advancement of our ADPKD and HBV programs."

Program Updates

Presented preclinical data supporting RGLS4326 as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of ADPKD at the American Society of Nephrology’s Kidney Week 2018: In October 2018, Regulus presented three posters during the American Society of Nephrology’s Kidney Week describing the discovery and preclinical evaluation of RGLS4326, a novel single-stranded, chemically-modified oligonucleotide designed to preferentially target the kidney and inhibit miR-17 functions to treat ADPKD. In preclinical studies, RGLS4326 inhibited miR-17 activity and reduced cyst formation and proliferation of primary cyst cultures derived from human donors with ADPKD. The data presented also demonstrated that RGLS4326 has favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in normal and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) mouse models, where preferential distribution to kidney and localization to collecting duct cysts were evident. Furthermore, data demonstrated that RGLS4326 directly modulates expression of genes implicated in ADPKD pathogenesis including Pkd1 and Pkd2, and conferred efficacy in multiple PKD mouse models following subcutaneous administration.

Advancement of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Programs: The Company has identified multiple human microRNA targets that serve as host factors for the virus. Compounds directed at modulating these targets are under active in vitro and in vivo preclinical investigation. The Company believes that targeting a host factor in the liver represents a unique mechanism of action for treatment of the virus compared to other programs in development and holds the potential for achieving a functional cure. The Company currently expects to file an IND for the HBV program in the second half of 2019, with the potential of achieving human proof-of-concept in a Phase 1 study.

Additional Program Updates: In September 2018, the Company announced progress of its glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) preclinical programs. The Company’s GBM program, targeting microRNA-10b, demonstrated statistically significant improvements in survival as both a monotherapy as well as in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in an orthotopic GBM animal model. The Company’s lead NASH candidate demonstrated improvement in key endpoints, including NAFLD Activity Score (NAS), liver transaminases, hyperglycemia, and disease-related gene expression. In the diet-induced NASH mouse model (Amylin model) after 2-4 weekly doses, early onset of improvement across multiple disease parameters including liver triglycerides and blood levels of transaminases was observed. The Company plans to seek partners to further advance these programs’ development.

Third Quarter 2018 Financial Results

Cash Position: As of September 30, 2018, Regulus had $20.5 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Under the terms of the Sanofi Amendment, Regulus is eligible to receive approximately $7 million in upfront and material transfer payments. Including these additional proceeds, the Company expects its cash runway to extend through Q2 2019.

Research and Development (R&D) Expenses: R&D expenses were $6.9 million and $28.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $12.7 million and $42.7 million for the same periods in 2017. The decreases were primarily attributable to the pausing of the RG-012 and RGLS4326 programs early in the third quarter of 2018, the discontinuation of the RG-101 and RGLS5040 programs in 2017 and reductions in personnel-related expenses primarily attributable to our corporate restructurings.

General and Administrative (G&A) Expenses: G&A expenses were $3.0 million and $10.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $2.7 million and $13.8 million for the same periods in 2017. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 was driven by non-recurring severance charges recorded in the third quarter of 2018 in connection with our July 2018 corporate restructuring. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was driven by non-recurring severance charges and non-recurring, non-cash stock-based compensation charges recorded in connection with our May 2017 corporate restructuring.

Revenue: Revenue was less than $0.1 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Net Loss: Net loss was $10.3 million, or $1.18 per share (basic and diluted), and $40.1 million, or $4.62 per share (basic and diluted), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $15.8 million, or $2.11 per share (basic and diluted), and $57.5 million, or $10.52 per share (basic and diluted), for the same periods in 2017. Historical and current period net loss per share values have been retroactively adjusted to reflect our October 2018 reverse stock split.

Upcoming Events

On November 14, 2018, Regulus will present survival data on its lead anti-miR candidate targeting microRNA-10b for glioblastoma multiforme at the Society for Neuro-Oncology Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana.

On November 14, 2018, Regulus will present a corporate overview at the Stifel 2018 Healthcare Conference in New York.

On November 8, 2018 Sierra Oncology, Inc. (Nasdaq: SRRA), a clinical stage drug development company focused on advancing targeted therapeutics for the treatment of patients with significant unmet needs in hematology and oncology, reported its financial and operational results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2018 (Press release, Sierra Oncology, NOV 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234531378]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

"During the third quarter, we fundamentally transformed Sierra with the addition of momelotinib to our portfolio, a differentiated, demonstrably active and well-tolerated Phase 3 drug candidate for the treatment of myelofibrosis. We are currently preparing for discussions with regulators to determine the registration path for momelotinib and anticipate reporting next steps in the first half of 2019. Our anticipated registration strategy envisions a single Phase 3 trial in second line myelofibrosis patients, a population for which no approved therapies currently exist, to recapitulate the meaningful clinical benefits observed in the two previously completed SIMPLIFY Phase 3 trials, with a particular emphasis on reinforcing momelotinib’s differentiated anemia benefits," said Dr. Nick Glover, President and CEO of Sierra Oncology. "We also continue to advance our DNA Damage Response (DDR) drug candidates, SRA737 and SRA141. During the quarter, we made substantial progress enrolling genetically-selected patients into the indication specific cohorts of our two SRA737 trials, with a focus on recruiting patients with High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC). We plan to report preliminary efficacy results from these trials in the first half of 2019. We also prepared for the initiation of a trial of SRA737 in combination with a PARP inhibitor in prostate cancer and for our first clinical trial with SRA141 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. We are currently evaluating the optimal timing of these trials within the context of our recently expanded portfolio."

Highlights for the Third Quarter of 2018:

Acquired momelotinib, a potent, selective and orally-bioavailable JAK1, JAK2 and ACVR1 inhibitor with a differentiated therapeutic profile in myelofibrosis.
Continued to enroll patients in the monotherapy trial for SRA737, our potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Chk1. The trial is enrolling patients across five indications with a primary focus on HGSOC. Preliminary data from this trial are anticipated to be reported in the first half of 2019.
Continued to enroll patients in the combination trial of SRA737 potentiated by low dose gemcitabine, which is enrolling patients across four indications, including into a prioritized cohort of patients with HGSOC. Preliminary data from this trial are anticipated to be reported in the first half of 2019.
Prepared for the planned initiation of a Phase 1b/2 trial of SRA737 with the PARP inhibitor niraparib, which will evaluate this combination in subjects with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Successfully completed the Investigational New Drug Application (IND) filing process with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for SRA141, our potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Cdc7. The company plans to conduct a Phase 1/2 trial of the drug candidate in patients with colorectal cancer.
Third Quarter 2018 Financial Results (all amounts reported in U.S. currency)
Research and development expenses were $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $3.0 million upfront fee paid to Gilead for the acquisition of our lead product candidate, momelotinib, an increase of $2.0 million in clinical trial costs and a $0.7 million increase in personnel-related and overhead costs, partially offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in research and preclinical costs related to SRA737 and SRA141. Research and development expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $1.2 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Research and development expenses were $30.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $22.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $3.0 million upfront fee paid to Gilead for the acquisition of our lead product candidate momelotinib, an increase of $5.4 million in clinical trial costs and a $1.4 million increase in personnel-related costs, partially offset by decreases of $1.5 million in third-party manufacturing costs related to SRA737 and SRA141, and $0.9 million in research, preclinical and other support costs. Research and development expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $3.3 million and $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

General and administrative expenses were $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to increases in personnel-related costs, professional fees and allocated overhead. General and administrative expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

General and administrative expenses were $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $9.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to a $1.3 million increase in personnel-related costs, professional fees and allocated overhead and a $0.2 million increase in business development costs. General and administrative expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $1.8 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, Sierra incurred a net loss of $15.6 million compared to a net loss of $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Sierra incurred a net loss of $39.1 million compared to a net loss of $31.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $116.1 million as of September 30, 2018, compared to $100.3 million as of December 31, 2017. At September 30, 2018, there were 74,364,165 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, with another 10,793,266 issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants, and a term loan of $4.9 million.

Equity Inducement Plan
On November 5, 2018, the Compensation Committee of Sierra Oncology’s Board of Directors granted non-qualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 30,000 shares of its common stock to two new employees under Sierra Oncology’s 2018 Equity Inducement Plan.

The 2018 Equity Inducement Plan is used exclusively for the grant of equity award to individuals who were not previously an employee or non-employee director of Sierra (or following a bona fide period of non-employment), as an inducement material to such individual’s entering into employment with Sierra, pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules.

The options have an exercise price of $1.73 per share, which is equal to the closing price of Sierra’s common stock on the date of grant. Each option will vest and become exercisable as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary of the recipient’s start date, and then will vest and become exercisable as to the remaining 75% of the shares in 36 equal monthly installments following the first anniversary, in each case, subject to each such employee’s continued employment with Sierra on such vesting dates. The options are subject to the terms and conditions of Sierra’s 2018 Equity Inducement Plan, and the terms and conditions of the stock option agreement covering the grant

On November 8, 2018 ADC Therapeutics, an oncology drug discovery and development company that specializes in the development of proprietary antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), reported it will present two posters highlighting preclinical data and the Phase Ib clinical trial design for ADCT-301 (camidanlumab tesirine) in advanced solid tumors at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) (Free SITC Whitepaper)’s (SITC) (Free SITC Whitepaper) 33rd Annual Meeting, which is being held November 7-11 in Washington, DC (Press release, ADC Therapeutics, NOV 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234596074]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

Jay Feingold, MD, PhD, Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President of Clinical Development at ADC Therapeutics, said, "ADCT-301 is already being evaluated in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, and at the 2018 American Society of Hematology (ASH) (Free ASH Whitepaper) Annual Meeting we will be updating our abstract data from June, at which time we had an overall response rate of 80.8 percent with a complete response rate of 50 percent in median 6th line patients. Based on the immune-oncology potential ADCT-301 demonstrated in preclinical studies, we are excited to be starting a clinical trial for ADCT-301 in solid tumors to see if we can make an impact and improve patient outcomes in multiple solid tumor cancers."

Patrick van Berkel, PhD, Senior Vice President of Research and Development at ADC Therapeutics, said, "ADCT-301 targets CD25, which is expressed on Tregs that infiltrate the local tumor environment. In preclinical models, a single dose of the CD25-targeted ADC induced strong and durable anti-tumor activity against established CD25 negative solid tumors with infiltrating Tregs. Moreover, re-challenged mice did not develop new tumors indicating the CD25-targeted ADC was able to induce tumor-specific protective immunity."

ADC Therapeutics’ posters will be located in Poster Hall E in the Walter E. Washington Convention Center. The Poster Hall will be open Friday, November 9 from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturday, November 10 from 8 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. EST. Details of the posters are below.

Abstract Poster Number: P11
Title: A CD25 targeted pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer-based antibody-drug conjugate shows potent anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical models of solid tumors either alone or in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor
Presentation Date and Time: Friday, November 9, 12:45-2:15 p.m. and 6:30-8 p.m. EST
Presenter: Francesca Zammarchi, PhD, ADC Therapeutics

Abstract Poster Number: P316
Title: Phase 1b dose-escalation and dose-expansion study to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of ADCT-301 (camidanlumab tesirine) in patients with advanced solid tumors
Presentation Date and Time: Saturday, November 10, 12:20-1:50 p.m. and 7-8:30 p.m. EST
Presenter: Francesca Zammarchi, PhD, ADC Therapeutics

For more information about the SITC (Free SITC Whitepaper) 2018 Annual Meeting, please visit View Source

About ADCT-301

ADCT-301 (camidanlumab tesirine) is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD25 (HuMax-TAC, licensed from Genmab A/S), conjugated to the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload tesirine. Once bound to a CD25-expresing cell, ADCT-301 is internalized into the cell where enzymes release the PBD-based warhead. The intra-tumor release of its PBD warhead may cause bystander killing of neighboring tumor cells. In addition, the PBD warhead will trigger immunogenic cell death, which in turn will strengthen the immune response against tumor cells. ADCT-301 is being evaluated in a Phase Ib clinical trial in solid tumors (NCT03621982), as well as ongoing Phase Ia/Ib clinical trials in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NCT02432235).

On November 8, 2018 Affimed N.V. (Nasdaq: AFMD), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing highly targeted cancer immunotherapies that harness the power of innate and adaptive immunity (NK cells, macrophages and T cells), reported that Dr. Adi Hoess, CEO, will present at the Jefferies 2018 London Healthcare Conference on Wednesday, November 14, 2018 at 8:40 am GMT in London (Press release, Affimed, NOV 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234530921]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

A live webcast of the conference presentation can be accessed through the "Events" section on the "Investors & Media" page of the Affimed website at www.affimed.com/events.php. A replay of the presentation will be available from Affimed’s website for 30 days following the conference.

On November 8, 2018 FLX Bio, Inc., a clinical-stage, biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of oral small-molecule drugs that target immune drivers of cancer and other immune-related disorders, reported that data from a Phase 1 study of FLX475 in healthy volunteers which demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety and tolerability will be presented on November 10, 2018 at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) (Free SITC Whitepaper) Meeting in Washington D.C (Press release, FLX Bio, NOV 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234530959]). Preclinical data showing the benefits of using a GCN2 inhibitor to treat cancer will also be featured at the meeting.

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

"These Phase 1 data confirm that FLX475 fully engages its intended target, CCR4, on regulatory T cells at well-tolerated doses which is predicted to specifically block their recruitment into tumors without reducing regulatory T cells in healthy tissues or beneficial cells that mediate the anti-tumor immune response," said Brian Wong, M.D., Ph.D., CEO of FLX Bio. "We believe that inhibiting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment with such high precision and selectivity could remove a major barrier to attaining deep and durable remissions in patients with cancer."

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of FLX475, an orally-available, potent, and selective small-molecule antagonist of CCR4, in healthy volunteers (Poster #P484; Presenter: William Ho, M.D., Ph.D.)

A Phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of FLX475 in 104 healthy volunteers
FLX475 was well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported at any dose level, including those projected to achieve or exceed maximal inhibition of human Treg
Long half-life and oral absorption of FLX475 support once-daily oral dosing
These results have enabled an accelerated Phase 1/2 trial, which is now enrolling, to evaluate FLX475 in the treatment of multiple types of cancers, both as a monotherapy and in combination with the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab
"Based on these highly informative and encouraging clinical data, we are now enrolling our Phase 1/2 study of FLX475, which is designed to accelerate the development of this novel agent in patients with tumor types predicted to be more likely to respond to FLX475 treatment, including those that contain relatively high numbers of regulatory T cells and higher CCR4 ligand expression," commented Bill Ho, M.D., Ph.D., CMO of FLX Bio.

Targeting the stress response kinase GCN2 to restore immunity in the tumor microenvironment (Poster #P202; Presenter: Lisa Marshall)

The tumor microenvironment is characterized by deficiencies in oxygen and key nutrients such as glucose and amino acids
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor and other cells can create a nutrient-poor environment that inhibits immune function and supports tumor growth
GCN2 plays a key role in sensing and modulating the response to nutrient deprivation resulting in immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment
Results of preclinical studies show that FLX Bio’s selective GCN2 inhibitor relieves immune suppression (takes the brakes off) and promotes T effector cell activation to recover the function of effector T cells
"Our GCN2 inhibitors have shown a direct ability to relieve immune suppression, allowing the immune response to once again attack tumors effectively," continued Dr. Ho. "We look forward to selecting a preclinical candidate for this program in early 2019."

About FLX475

FLX475 is a best-in-class oral, small molecule antagonist of CCR4. FLX Bio is conducting an open-label, dose-escalation and cohort expansion Phase 1/2 study in patients with multiple types of cancer to evaluate the safety and tolerability of FLX475 as a monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab. In preclinical studies, FLX475 inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor regression as a single agent. In addition, FLX475 enhanced the antitumor effects of various checkpoint inhibitors including anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies as well as immune agonists such as anti-4-1BB antibodies. FLX475 also has the potential to enhance cell-based immunotherapies such as CAR-T and cancer vaccines. Unlike antibodies to CCR4, FLX475 selectively blocks the recruitment of regulatory T cells to the tumor site and does not deplete cells beneficial to an antitumor response or regulatory T cells in healthy tissue such as blood, spleen and skin cells.

About GCN2 Inhibitors

FLX Bio is developing orally-bioavailable, highly-selective GCN2 inhibitors that stimulate an immune response by limiting Treg and MDSC functions as well as promoting effector T cell proliferation and function. A GCN2 inhibitor has the potential to be highly efficacious since this key protein acts downstream of multiple tumor-promoting enzymes such as indoleamine deoxygenase (IDO) and arginase (ARG), which breakdown the amino acids tryptophan and arginine, respectively. In cell-based assays, FLX Bio’s GCN2 inhibitors increase CD8 T cell proliferation and function in tryptophan-, arginine- and glucose-limited conditions. Additional preclinical activities are ongoing for this series of compounds. FLX expects to select a preclinical candidate in early 2019.