On March 31, 2025 Kazia Therapeutics Limited (NASDAQ: KZIA) ("Kazia" or "the Company"), an oncology-focused drug development company, reported the sale of all intellectual property and trademarks rights to Cantrixil for USD $1 million (Press release, Kazia Therapeutics, MAR 31, 2025, View Source [SID1234651677]).

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In March 2021, Vivesto licensed the exclusive global development and commercialization rights for Cantrixil from Kazia Therapeutics. Having decided not to pursue development of Cantrixil in ovarian cancer, as originally anticipated under the license, Vivesto is currently exploring Cantrixil preclinically for the treatment of hematological cancers. Cantrixil, a legacy molecule in the Kazia pipeline, is a product candidate consisting of the active molecule, a potent and selective third generation benzopyran SMETI inhibitor named TRXE-002-01, encapsulated in α-cyclodextrin.

"We are pleased to enter into this agreement with Vivesto, which provides a source of non-dilutive funding that will help advance our proprietary, clinical-stage pipeline," said John Friend, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Kazia Therapeutics.

On March 31, 2025 UZ Leuven and VIB-KU Leuven, in collaboration with Seattle-based Presage Biosciences, reported the first patient treated in a Non-randomized (phase I – pharmacodynamic only) open label, single center single arm interventional pilot study (Press release, Presage Biosciences, MAR 31, 2025, View Source [SID1234651696]). By combining intratumoral treatment with systemic anti-PD1 therapy in first line patients with metastatic (stage IV) or inoperable stage III melanoma, the trial studies how patient tumors respond to up to 7 different drugs simultaneously dosed intratumorally with the help of Presage’s Comparative In Vivo Oncology (CIVO) microinjection device.

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The drugs are spatially microdosed in a patient’s tumor while they are also undergoing anti-PD1 systemic therapy with the goal of identifying drugs that have an enhanced combination effect in this patient population. The localized effect of the different drugs is analyzed with cutting edge single cell spatial technology providing new insights into melanoma biology and the anti-tumor action of the CIVO dosed drugs when combined with systemic anti-PD1 therapy.

Prof. Dr. Oliver Bechter, Medical Oncologist at UZ Leuven, comments on this innovative study design: "This is the first study of its kind studying locally administered anti-cancer drugs in combination with systemic anti-PD1 therapy in first line treated melanoma patients. With this pilot study we intend to study the effect of novel combination therapies intratumorally very early in the treatment course of melanoma patients. This pilot study will show the feasibility of such an approach to find new treatments especially for anti-PD1 refractory patients."

Prof. Dr. Chris Marine, Cancer Biologist of the VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology added: "The introduction of this groundbreaking technology has ushered us into a new frontier in translational research, enabling us to translate our most promising laboratory discoveries directly into patients. By utilizing our expertise in advanced spatial multi-omics, we will gain an unparalleled understanding of each tumor’s biology and its sensitivity to various drug combinations. The unique data generated from this will be invaluable in accelerating our efforts to combat this disease."

This first of its kind study is made possible by the multiplex CIVO delivery technology developed by Presage that is now being used in early phase clinical studies to evaluate multiple investigational new drugs and combinations all within a single intact patient tumor. Jason Frazier, VP of Technology and Research Operations at Presage echoed the enthusiasm for this novel clinical study design: "Drs. Bechter and Marine and their teams at UZ Leuven and VIB-KU Leuven have come up with an exciting and innovative clinical study design to assess tumor response to multiple different drugs in combination with Check Point blockade using our CIVO technology. This personalized approach to identify effective combination therapies holds great promise for the treatment of melanoma patients."

On March 31, 2025 AstraZeneca reported that Calquence (acalabrutinib) in combination with bendamustine and rituximab has been recommended for approval in the European Union (EU) for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who are not eligible for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Press release, AstraZeneca, MAR 31, 2025, View Source [SID1234651659]).

The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) based its positive opinion on the results from the ECHO Phase III trial which were presented at the European Hematology Association (EHA) (Free EHA Whitepaper) 2024 Congress.

Results from the ECHO trial showed Calquence plus bendamustine and rituximab reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 27% compared to standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.94; p=0.016). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 66.4 months for patients treated with the Calquence combination versus 49.6 with chemoimmunotherapy alone.

This recommendation for Calquence as a combination treatment in the 1st-line MCL setting follows the recent CHMP positive opinion for Calquence as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory MCL.

Martin Dreyling, MD, Department of Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, and investigator in the trial, said: "Results from the pivotal ECHO trial demonstrated the significant benefits of the Calquence combination in managing this rare and aggressive cancer. Today’s recommendation is an important advance within the mantle cell lymphoma first-line treatment landscape, especially for older patients who need a balance of efficacy and tolerability."

Susan Galbraith, Executive Vice President, Oncology Haematology R&D, AstraZeneca, said: "Today’s positive recommendation from the CHMP further reinforces the potential of Calquence to advance first-line treatment options in mantle cell lymphoma, with the Calquence combination demonstrating an almost one and a half year improvement in progression-free survival in this setting. If approved, Calquence has the potential to transform the standard of care as the first BTK inhibitor approved for these patients in Europe."

MCL is a rare and typically aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, often diagnosed at an advanced stage.1,2 It is estimated that more than 6,000 patients were diagnosed with MCL in the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Italy in 2024.3

The safety and tolerability of Calquence was consistent with its known safety profile, and no new safety signals were identified.

Calquence plus bendamustine and rituximab is approved in the US and several other countries in this setting based on the ECHO results. Regulatory applications are currently under review in Japan and several other countries in this indication.

Notes

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)
While MCL patients initially respond to treatment, patients do tend to relapse.4 MCL comprises about 3-6% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with an annual incidence of 0.5 per 100,000 population in Western countries; It is estimated that there are more than 21,000 patients diagnosed with MCL in the US, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Japan and China.5

ECHO
ECHO is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre Phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Calquence plus bendamustine and rituximab compared to SoC chemoimmunotherapy (bendamustine and rituximab) in adult patients at or over 65 years of age (n=635) with previously untreated MCL.6 Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either Calquence or placebo administered orally twice per day, continuously, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, all patients received six 28-day cycles of bendamustine on days 1 and 2 and rituximab on day 1 of each cycle, followed by rituximab maintenance for two years if patients achieved a response after induction therapy.6

The primary endpoint is PFS assessed by an Independent Review Committee; other efficacy endpoints include overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR) and time to response (TTR).6 The trial was conducted in 27 countries across North and South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania.6

The ECHO trial enrolled patients from May 2017 to March 2023, continuing through the COVID-19 pandemic. Prespecified PFS and OS analyses censoring for COVID-19 deaths were conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the study outcome in alignment with the FDA. Patients with blood cancer remain at a disproportionately high risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19, including hospitalisation and death compared to the general population.6,7,8

Calquence
Calquence (acalabrutinib) is a second-generation, selective inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Calquence binds covalently to BTK, thereby inhibiting its activity.8 In B-cells, BTK signalling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis and adhesion.

Calquence is approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in the US and Japan, approved for CLL in the EU and many other countries worldwide and approved in China for relapsed or refractory CLL and SLL. Calquence is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated MCL in the US and other countries. It is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with MCL who have received at least one prior therapy in the US, China and several other countries. Calquence is not currently approved for the treatment of MCL in Japan.

As part of an extensive clinical development programme, Calquence is currently being evaluated as a single treatment and in combination with standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy for patients with multiple B-cell blood cancers, including CLL, MCL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

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On March 31, 2025 LIXTE Biotechnology Holdings, Inc. ("LIXTE" or the "Company") (Nasdaq: LIXT and LIXTW), a clinical stage pharmaceutical company, reported it will conduct a new pre-clinical study in collaboration with Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) to test whether "initiated" cells that carry mutations found in cancer cells can be eliminated by treatment with LIXTE’s proprietary compound LB-100 (Press release, Lixte Biotechnology, MAR 31, 2025, View Source [SID1234651678]).

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"In addition to our ongoing clinical trials in ovarian and colorectal cancer, this study represents a new opportunity in cancer prevention," said Bas van der Baan, LIXTE’s Chief Executive Officer. "Thus far in our Phase 1 clinical trials, LB-100 has shown patient tolerance, with little toxicity, making it a promising candidate as a broad and effective cancer prevention modality."

Increasing evidence indicates that as individuals age, certain mutations accumulate that are found in cancer cells. While these "initiated" cells behave essentially normally, they can propagate to form reservoirs of pre-malignant cells from which malignant cells may eventually emerge. Recent data from LIXTE’s ongoing clinical collaboration with NKI shows that LB-100 activates oncogenic signaling and that this is detrimental to cancer cells.

The new study in animal models will investigate whether "initiated" cells, harboring a mutant RAS oncogene, can be eliminated with LB-100. If successful, LB-100 could have a significant role in the elimination of initiated cells in aged individuals and could reduce the risk of developing a wide range of cancers as a person ages.

The study will be led by René Bernards, Ph.D., a global leader in the field of molecular carcinogenesis and Senior Staff Scientist at NKI, one of the world’s leading comprehensive cancer centers. Dr. Bernards also is a member of LIXTE’s Board of Directors.

On March 31, 2024 Harbour BioMed ("HBM" or the "Company"; HKEX: 02142), a global biopharmaceutical company committed to the discovery and development of novel antibody therapeutics in immunology and oncology, reported its financial results for the year ended December 31, 2024 (Press release, Harbour BioMed, MAR 31, 2025, View Source [SID1234651697]).

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Dr. Jingsong Wang, Founder, Chairman, and CEO of Harbour BioMed, commented: "The year 2024 was a pivotal period for Harbour BioMed, marked by significant progress in research and development, strategic business expansion, and operational excellence. Despite a challenging macroeconomic environment, the Company demonstrated remarkable resilience, navigating inflationary pressures, global supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical uncertainties while remaining focused on its long-term growth objectives.

Throughout the year, Harbour BioMed advanced its strategic transition toward becoming a sustainably profitable global biotech engine. The Company expanded its research and development pipeline with a strong focus on immunology, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation therapeutics. Several key clinical-stage programs progressed significantly, reinforcing our vision of delivering life-changing medicines to patients worldwide.

The Company also made substantial investments in its technology platforms to ensure its core antibody discovery capabilities remain at the forefront of biopharmaceutical innovation. The strategic growth of Nona Biosciences, a subsidiary of Harbour BioMed, further solidified our position as a leading partner in the global biotech ecosystem. Additionally, we strengthened our business collaborations, securing multiple licensing and co-development agreements with top-tier pharmaceutical companies to drive sustainable revenue growth.

As we look ahead to 2025, we remain committed to expanding our global presence and delivering breakthrough therapies to patients."

Full Year 2024 Financial Highlights

Harbour BioMed reported total revenue of US$38.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, with an overall profit of approximately US$2.7 million. The company has been profitable for two consecutive years, demonstrating the uniqueness and resilience of its business model.

Compared to 2023, the company’s revenue sustainability has continued to improve. Annual recurring revenue increased from US$5.7 million to US$16.9 million, reflecting a growth rate of 196.5%. Cash profit[1] reached a record high of US$30.68 million. Meanwhile, Harbour BioMed has maintained a strong financial position. As of December 31, 2024, the company’s cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately US$166.8 million, providing a solid financial foundation for future growth.

Advancing a Robust and Differentiated Pipeline

Harbour Therapeutics, a sub-brand parallel to Nona Biosciences, is now individually responsible for the development of the Company’s products pipeline. With a growing focus on immunology, inflammation and oncology, Harbour Therapeutics manages a highly differentiated portfolio that includes multiple innovative drug candidates in both clinical and Investigational New Drug (IND)/IND-enabling stages.

In inflammation and immunology, the Company has built a robust preclinical pipeline encompassing bispecific and multi-specific antibodies generated using the HCAb-based Bispecific Immune Cell Antagonist (HBICATM) technology, as well as ultra long-acting biotherapeutics for immune-related diseases.

In oncology, the Company is leveraging its HBICE platform to develop bispecific and multi-specific antibodies with novel designs and differentiated mechanisms, such as HBM9027 (PD-L1xCD40) and HBM7004 (B7H4xCD3). In addition, the Company is utilizing its Harbour Mice and XDC platforms to explore multiple therapeutic modalities, including HBM9033, a mesothelin-targeted ADC, and other ADC/RDC programs in early-stage development.

Main products in the clinical stage include:

Batoclimab (HBM9161) is the first anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody completed Phase I to pivotal trials in China. As a novel, fully human anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody, batoclimab has the potential to be a breakthrough treatment option for a wide range of autoimmune diseases. In December 2023, the Company voluntarily planned to include additional long-term safety data and re-submitted the Biologic License Application (BLA) for batoclimab to the National Medical Products Administration of China (NMPA) in June 2024. In July 2024, NMPA accepted the BLA for batoclimab for the treatment of gMG. The Phase III pivotal clinical trial results of batoclimab were published in JAMA Neurology in March 2024, demonstrating sustained efficacy and safety with long-term use of batoclimab in the treatment of gMG.

HBM9378 is a fully human monoclonal antibody against thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) generated from the H2L2 Harbour Mice platform. It is a co-development project conducted by the Company and Kelun-Biotech, with both parties equally sharing the rights. HBM9378 has fully human sequences with a lower immunogenicity risk and better bioavailability compared to other TSLP-targeting competitors. Its long half-life optimization and outstanding biophysical properties support favourable dosing and formulation advantages.

The Company received IND approval of HBM9378 for moderate-to-severe asthma from the NMPA in February 2022 and completed a Phase I clinical trial in healthy subjects in China. In November 2024, the Company submitted an IND application for HBM9378 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to the NMPA, which was approved in February 2025.
In January 2025, the Company and Kelun-Biotech entered into an exclusive license agreement with Windward Bio, under which Windward Bio was granted an exclusive license for the research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of HBM9378 globally (excluding Greater China and several Southeast and West Asian countries). Currently, Windward Bio is preparing a global Phase II clinical trial for HBM9378.
Porustobart (HBM4003) is a next-generation, fully human heavy-chain-only anti-CTLA-4 antibody discovered and developed using the HCAb Harbour Mice platform. It is also the first fully human heavy-chain-only antibody which entered clinical development globally. Compared with conventional CTLA-4 antibodies, porustobart has unique, favourable properties, including significant Treg cell depletion and optimized pharmacokinetics for improved safety. Additionally, by enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), porustobart increases the potential to selectively deplete intratumoral Treg cells, helping to overcome the efficacy and toxicity bottleneck of current CTLA-4 therapies. The Company has implemented a global development plan for multiple types of solid tumors with an adaptive treatment design for porustobart. Positive efficacy and safety data have been observed in the monotherapy trial targeting advanced solid tumors, as well as in combination trials with PD-1 inhibitors for melanoma, CRC, NEN and HCC.

HBM1020 is a first-in-class fully human monoclonal antibody generated from the H2L2 Harbour Mice platform targeting B7H7. As a newly discovered member of the B7 family, B7H7 expression is found to be non-overlapping with PD-L1 expression in multiple tumor types, potentially playing a more significant role in tumor immune evasion. With its excellent product design and target features, HBM1020 presents great potential to address significant unmet medical needs for solid tumors. In September 2024, the Company presented the latest clinical data for patients with advanced solid tumors at the ESMO (Free ESMO Whitepaper) Congress 2024. The data demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability profiles for HBM1020. Of the 15 patients who received post-treatment tumor assessments, 7 patients (46.7%) achieved stable disease (SD), with two patients showing tumor shrinkage of 11% and 25%.

Main products in IND and IND-enabling stages include:

HBM7020 is a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody generated using the fully human HBICE bispecific technology and Harbour Mice platform. HBM7020 can crosslink targeted cells and T cells by binding to BCMA and CD3 on the cell surface, leading to potent T cell activation and cell elimination. By incorporating dual anti-BCMA binding sites for optimal cell targeting and monovalent-optimized CD3 activity to minimize CRS, HBM7020 demonstrated potent cytotoxicity with broad applications in both immunological and oncology diseases. In August 2023, HBM7020 obtained IND clearance from the NMPA to commence a Phase I trial for cancer in China. In 2024, the Company restructured its development strategy to target immunological diseases and is currently preparing an IND application.

HBM9027 is a novel PD-L1xCD40 bispecific antibody developed using the HBICE bispecific antibody technology and Harbour Mice platform. The development of PD-L1xCD40 bispecific antibody further expands the Company’s bispecific immune cell engager into the cutting-edge DC/myeloid cell engager field, showcasing the HBICE platform’s versatile geometry formats and plug-and-play advantages. In January 2024, HBM9027 obtained IND approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate a Phase I clinical trial in the U.S.

HBM7004 is a novel B7H4xCD3 bispecific antibody. Using HBICE bispecific technology and Harbour Mice platform, this bispecific antibody was designed to provide innovative solutions for cancer immunotherapy from both efficacy and safety perspectives. The development of B7H4xCD3 bispecific HBICE further consolidates the Company’s bispecific immune cell engager platform, demonstrating the HBICE platform’s versatility and plug-and-play advantages. In preclinical studies, HBM7004 demonstrated an intratumor B7H4-dependent T cell activation manner. In multiple animal models, HBM7004 showed strong anti-tumor efficacy, remarkable in vivo stability, and reduced systemic toxicity. Additionally, in preclinical models, HBM7004 exhibited a strong synergistic effect when combined with a B7H4x4-1BB bispecific antibody at a low effector-to-target cell ratio, indicating an encouraging therapeutic window. The Company is currently conducting IND-enabling studies for HBM7004.

HBM9014 is a first-in-class, fully human antibody targeting leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) for cancer treatment. It was discovered using the Harbour Mice platform. HBM9014 blocks multiple IL-6 family cytokine pathways via LIFR to inhibit their function in promoting tumor progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. In preclinical studies, HBM9014 showed significant in vivo antitumor efficacy and enhanced efficacy in combination with cisplatin in multiple tumor models. In addition, HBM9014 exhibited strong tolerability in toxicology studies conducted on primates. In 2025, the Company will continue to actively explore drug development strategies and seek collaboration opportunities.

Strategic Business Collaborations Maximizing Platform Value

Harbour BioMed’s ongoing commitment to global partnerships is critical to driving both scientific and commercial success. In 2024, the Company continued expanding its business collaborations with leading academic institutions and select industrial partners, focused on driving innovation and efficiency worldwide.

Leveraging its technological advantages, Harbour BioMed established Nona Biosciences to better empower industry innovators and support collaborators from Idea to IND (I to ITM). Nona Biosciences is a global biotechnology company committed to providing integrated solutions for partners worldwide, across academia, biotechnology startups, and biopharmaceutical giants. Since its launch in late 2022, Nona Biosciences has achieved remarkable success, securing numerous international collaborations across various innovative formats. The subsidiary has established four leading technology units based on HCAb, including protein engineering, conjugation technology, delivery technology, and cell therapy, to accelerate the development of next-generation therapies.

Nona Biosciences signed a global out-license and option agreement with AstraZeneca in May 2024 for preclinical monoclonal antibodies to be used in developing targeted oncology therapies. In December 2024, Nona Biosciences entered a research collaboration and license agreement with Candid Therapeutics to discover next-generation T-cell engagers. Over the past year, Nona Biosciences has also formed research collaborations with multiple partners across various therapeutics areas, including Boostimmune, Alaya.bio, Umoja Biopharma, Alkyon Therapeutics, OverT Bio, and Kodiak Sciences.

In January 2025, the Company announced a license agreement with Windward Bio for HBM9378, an anti-TSLP fully human antibody for immunological diseases. In February 2025, HBM Alpha Therapeutics, an innovative biotechnology company incubated by the Company, announced a strategic collaboration and license agreement with a business partner to advance novel therapies targeting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) for various disorders.

These collaborations further highlight the Company’s unique strengths in pushing technological boundaries and exploring new innovation pathways. With its industry-leading technology platforms and a flexible business model, the Company will continue seeking new opportunities to expand its collaboration network and maximize the value of its platforms.

Incubating Breakthrough Collaborations for the Future

To fully harness the potential of its unique platform technologies, Harbour BioMed continues to explore the scalability of its platform applications. The Company is incubating several joint ventures focused on next-generation therapeutics, ranging from multivalence antibodies to cell therapies. These ventures aim to broaden the application of platform technologies and create additional value for the Company. This innovative incubation model facilitates the integration of incremental resources for the diversified development of next-generation innovations, requiring minimal marginal investment while offering a high return on value growth. Representative projects include HBM Alpha Therapeutics and Shanghai NK Cell Technology Limited.

2025 Outlook: Expanding Global Presence and Driving Innovation

Looking ahead to 2025, Harbour BioMed will continue driving business growth and accomplishing its mission through two key pillars, Harbour Therapeutics and Nona Biosciences. Harbour Therapeutic will advance multiple clinical trials of its internal pipeline to fully advance the global clinical development project, while Nona Biosciences will continue providing integrated discovery solutions to biotech and pharmaceutical companies, ultimately fostering an innovation ecosystem that promotes biological advancement.

A range of products derived from the Company’s Harbour Mice technology platform and T-cell engager technology will be advanced in immunology, and the ADC platform will be upgraded to the next generation. Through a combination of in-house development and business collaborations, Harbour BioMed will build a portfolio of products with differentiated competitive advantages both in immunology and immuno-oncology.

Maximizing the value of its platform through strategic collaborations will continue to drive the Company’s global expansion. In 2025, as the preclinical product pipeline matures, the company expects to expand its collaboration network even further and enter into broader global partnerships, solidifying its leading position in the global market.