On April 18, 2016 Innate Pharma SA (the "Company" – Euronext Paris: FR0010331421 – IPH) reported data on a research program to develop a CD73 checkpoint inhibitor antibody in oncology at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting 2016 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (Press release, Innate Pharma, APR 18, 2016, View Source [SID:1234511075]). This new anti-CD73 project complements Innate’s first-in-class anti-CD39 program strengthening the Company’s positioning in targeting the tumor microenvironment.

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CD73 and CD39 are two enzymes which play a major role in promoting immunosuppression through the pathway degrading adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine. CD73 is active on the last step of the degradation pathway, where it is the enzyme that actually degrades AMP* into adenosine.

Poster #2344 presented a panel of newly generated antibodies that block CD73 function. They all bind with high affinity and specificity to the CD73 enzyme, but to distinct epitopes and display different mechanisms of inhibition, including direct blocking of CD73 enzymatic activity or down-modulation of CD73 membrane expression. All antibodies strongly reduce AMP catabolism and efficiently reverse adenosine-mediated T cell suppression in vitro. The antibodies displaying the most interesting features were humanized and further evaluation of their activity is ongoing.

Nicolai Wagtmann, CSO of Innate Pharma, said: "This program adds to our innovative and diversified portfolio of checkpoint inhibitors. We are entering the very exciting and novel area of microenvironment checkpoint inhibition which complements other immuno-oncology approaches. Our anti-CD73 and anti-CD39 antibodies each have potential as single-agent therapeutics and for combination with other checkpoint blockers notably targeting T or NK cells".

On April 18, 2016 Seattle Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: SGEN) reported multiple data presentations that support several of the company’s antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and immuno-oncology programs featured at the upcoming 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) being held April 16 through 20, 2016 in New Orleans, LA (Press release, Seattle Genetics, APR 18, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2157809 [SID:1234510980]). The presentations describe preclinical data with SGN-LIV1A and SEA-CD40, which are in ongoing clinical trials, and highlight two preclinical programs, a novel ADC for the treatment of multiple myeloma (SGN-CD352A) and a small molecule that enhances T-cell mediated antitumor activity (2-fluorofucose). Additional data highlight the growing body of knowledge regarding the ability of auristatin-based ADCs, including ADCETRIS (brentuximab vedotin), to initiate immunogenic cell death, supporting evaluation in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.

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"Our ADC expertise currently empowers a robust pipeline of more than a dozen clinical and preclinical programs," said Jonathan Drachman, M.D., Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President, Research and Development at Seattle Genetics. "At AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper), we will be presenting preclinical data that demonstrate encouraging activity with SGN-LIV1A, an ADC in phase 1 clinical development for breast cancer, and the preclinical development of a novel ADC for multiple myeloma, SGN-CD352A, which uses our newest ADC technology. We will also highlight the progress we have made in the important field of immuno-oncology, demonstrating that auristatin-based ADCs may be particularly well suited for combination with checkpoint inhibitors and presenting exciting preclinical data for SEA-CD40 and a small molecule, 2-fluorofucose."

Multiple presentations are being featured at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) that highlight advances with Seattle Genetics’ proprietary ADC and empowered antibody pipeline and research programs. Abstracts can be found at www.aacr.org and include the following:

Preclinical data from a novel ADC candidate SGN-CD352A for multiple myeloma will be highlighted in a poster presentation on Monday, April 18, 2016 (Abstract #1195). SGN-CD352A utilizes Seattle Genetics’ newest ADC technology and is composed of an anti-CD352 antibody attached to a highly potent cytotoxic DNA-crosslinking agent called a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer via a proprietary site-specific conjugation technology to a monoclonal antibody with engineered cysteines (EC-mAb).
SGN-LIV1A will be highlighted in a poster presentation on Tuesday, April 19, 2016 (Abstract #2966) focusing on the potential of combination use with standard of care chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, paclitaxel (Abraxane), carboplatin and various kinase inhibitors, for the treatment of breast cancer. SGN-LIV1A is in a phase 1 trial for the treatment of LIV-1-expressing metastatic breast cancer.
A preclinical analysis will highlight the novel small molecule, 2-fluorofucose (2FF) in a poster presentation on Tuesday, April 19, 2016 (Abstract #4005). 2FF blocks cellular incorporation of a sugar (fucose) and has been shown in preclinical studies to stimulate T-cell receptor signaling leading to enhanced activation of dendritic cells.
The path of SEA-CD40 from research to clinical development will be highlighted in a poster presentation on Wednesday, April 20, 2016 (Abstract #4994). SEA-CD40 is in an ongoing phase 1 trial for patients with advanced malignancies. SEA-CD40 is a novel immuno-oncology agent targeted to CD40 utilizing Seattle Genetics’ proprietary sugar-engineered antibody (SEA) technology to produce a non-fucosylated antibody.
Preclinical data evaluating brentuximab vedotin (ADCETRIS) immune activity will be presented in a poster presentation on Wednesday, April 20, 2016 (Abstract #4914). The preclinical data being presented demonstrate that brentuximab vedotin treated tumor cells may initiate an antitumor immune response and supports combination strategies with immuno-oncology regimens, such as the ongoing phase 1/2 clinical trials evaluating ADCETRIS and nivolumab (Opdivo) in relapsed Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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On Innate Pharma SA (the "Company" – Euronext Paris: FR0010331421 – IPH) today presented data demonstrating enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and survival by combining anti-NKG2A with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors in murine models at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting 2016 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (Press release, Innate Pharma, APR 18, 2016, View Source [SID:1234511005]).

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The NKG2A checkpoint receptor is expressed on a subset of NK cells. Similar to the PD-1 receptors, NKG2A can also be induced on tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. Therefore, PD-1 and NKG2A may both inhibit anti-tumor immune responses in situations where cancers express the ligands of both these checkpoint receptors. Conversely, anti-tumor immune responses might be enhanced by combined NKG2A and PD-1 pathway blockade.

Poster #2342 reports preclinical data based on an in vivo model of PD-L1 expressing solid tumors. In this model, treatment with either an antibody blocking PD-1 or NKG2A as single agents resulted in modest anti-tumor efficacy. The frequency of tumor-infiltrating NKG2A+ CD8 T cells was increased in anti-PD-1 resistant mice, suggesting that NKG2A is a pathway involved in adaptive PD-1 resistance. Treatment with combination of NKG2A and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors resulted in significantly enhanced anti-tumor responses. Nearly twice as many mice achieved complete tumor cell regression compared to treatment with anti PD-1 alone.

Nicolai Wagtmann, CSO of Innate Pharma, said: "We are very excited by these data showing that the NKG2A pathway acts as a major mechanism of tumor escape in this model. Considering the high frequency of patients who respond inadequately to PD-1 pathway blockade, we are intrigued by the observations that NKG2A expression on CD8 T cells was increased in PD-1 resistant mice". He added: "These data and the striking efficacy of the combination treatment in this model provide strong support for the clinical trial that was just initiated, testing the combination of monalizumab, Innate’s first-in-class NKG2A checkpoint inhibitor, and durvalumab, AstraZeneca/Medimmune’s investigational PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor".

The irreversible ErbB family blocker afatinib and the reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib are approved for first-line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of afatinib and gefitinib in this setting.
This multicentre, international, open-label, exploratory, randomised controlled phase 2B trial (LUX-Lung 7) was done at 64 centres in 13 countries. Treatment-naive patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and a common EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion or Leu858Arg) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive afatinib (40 mg per day) or gefitinib (250 mg per day) until disease progression, or beyond if deemed beneficial by the investigator. Randomisation, stratified by EGFR mutation type and status of brain metastases, was done centrally using a validated number generating system implemented via an interactive voice or web-based response system with a block size of four. Clinicians and patients were not masked to treatment allocation; independent review of tumour response was done in a blinded manner. Coprimary endpoints were progression-free survival by independent central review, time-to-treatment failure, and overall survival. Efficacy analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population and safety analyses were done in patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This ongoing study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01466660.
Between Dec 13, 2011, and Aug 8, 2013, 319 patients were randomly assigned (160 to afatinib and 159 to gefitinib). Median follow-up was 27·3 months (IQR 15·3-33·9). Progression-free survival (median 11·0 months [95% CI 10·6-12·9] with afatinib vs 10·9 months [9·1-11·5] with gefitinib; hazard ratio [HR] 0·73 [95% CI 0·57-0·95], p=0·017) and time-to-treatment failure (median 13·7 months [95% CI 11·9-15·0] with afatinib vs 11·5 months [10·1-13·1] with gefitinib; HR 0·73 [95% CI 0·58-0·92], p=0·0073) were significantly longer with afatinib than with gefitinib. Overall survival data are not mature. The most common treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were diarrhoea (20 [13%] of 160 patients given afatinib vs two [1%] of 159 given gefitinib) and rash or acne (15 [9%] patients given afatinib vs five [3%] of those given gefitinib) and liver enzyme elevations (no patients given afatinib vs 14 [9%] of those given gefitinib). Serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in 17 (11%) patients in the afatinib group and seven (4%) in the gefitinib group. Ten (6%) patients in each group discontinued treatment due to drug-related adverse events. 15 (9%) fatal adverse events occurred in the afatinib group and ten (6%) in the gefitinib group. All but one of these deaths were considered unrelated to treatment; one patient in the gefitinib group died from drug-related hepatic and renal failure.
Afatinib significantly improved outcomes in treatment-naive patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC compared with gefitinib, with a manageable tolerability profile. These data are potentially important for clinical decision making in this patient population.
Boehringer Ingelheim.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are widely used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated anemia. The biological activity of ESAs is mainly regulated by the number of sialic acid-containing carbohydrates on the erythropoietin (EPO) peptide. Sialidase, a sialic acid-metabolizing enzyme that accumulates in CKD patients, is suspected of contributing to shortening the circulation half-life of ESAs. Epoetin beta pegol (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator; C.E.R.A.), is an EPO integrated with methoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG). It has been suggested that C.E.R.A. may exert a favorable therapeutic effect, even under conditions of elevated sialidase; however, no detailed investigation of the pharmacological profile of C.E.R.A. in the presence of sialidase has been reported. In the present study, we injected C.E.R.A. or EPO pre-incubated with sialidase into rats, and assessed the hematopoietic effect by reticulocyte count. The hematopoietic effect of C.E.R.A., but not EPO, was preserved after sialidase treatment, despite the removal of sialic acid. Proliferation of EPO-dependent leukemia cells (AS-E2) was significantly increased by desialylated C.E.R.A. and EPO compared to non-treated C.E.R.A. or EPO. In conclusion, we show that C.E.R.A. exerts a favorable hematopoietic effect even under conditions of elevated sialidase. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of CKD and more effective therapeutic approaches based on a patient’s profile of anemia.

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