Breast cancer is a frequent and treatable disease. However, when recurrent, breast cancer often becomes refractory to therapy and progresses into metastatic forms that are typically incurable. Thus, understanding and targeting the critical pathways underlying breast cancer recurrence is urgently needed to eradicate primary disease and achieve better prognosis. Recently, we have demonstrated that the ribosomal protein p70S6K is activated in residual breast cancer cells as a result of post-surgical inflammation and that interfering with its activity in the peri-operative setting strongly suppresses recurrence in a mouse model. In order to develop clinically-exploitable treatments targeting p70S6K, we have tested a newly generated compound, called FS-115. FS-115 potently inhibited p70S6K1 (IC50 35nM) with high selectivity over other AGC kinases or PI3K pathway kinases. In vitro, treatment with FS-115 efficiently blocked p70S6K activity in breast cancer cell lines and impaired colony formation and anchorage independent growth. Pharmacokinetic profiling showed that FS-115 exhibited high oral bioavailability, optimal plasma distribution and high brain penetrance. In nude mice, FS-115 strongly suppressed tumor take-rate and primary tumor growth. Oral dosing with FS-115 in a peri-operative schedule was effective in decreasing local recurrence of breast cancer and a long-term treatment schedule was well tolerated and efficiently suppressed distant metastasis formation. Altogether, we propose that FS-115 might be a good candidate for the treatment of breast cancer patients at high risk to relapse.
Our results confirm that inhibition of p70S6K represents a valuable opportunity for restraining loco-regional relapse and metastasis in breast cancer and identify in FS-115 a promising candidate-inhibitor to move from preclinical to clinical treatments.

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Independent central review of clinical imaging remains the standard for oncology clinical trials with registration potential. A limited independent central review strategy has been proposed for solid tumor trials based on concordance between central and local evaluation of response. Concordance between independent central review and local evaluation of response in hematological malignancies is not known.
We retrospectively evaluated concordance between prospectively performed central and local assessments of response using the Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma across two international, open-label, single-arm, registration studies of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (N = 102) or systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (N = 58).
Overall objective response rates were similar between assessors for both the trial in Hodgkin lymphoma (75% independent central review, 72% local evaluation) and the trial in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (86% independent central review, 83% local evaluation). Patient-specific objective response concordance was also substantial (Hodgkin lymphoma: kappa = 0.68; anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: kappa = 0.74). Median progression-free survival was similar between assessors for patients with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (14.3 months by independent central review (95% confidence interval: 6.9, -); 14.5 months by local evaluation (95% confidence interval: 9.4, -)), but longer by local evaluation in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (5.8 months by independent central review (95% confidence interval: 5.0, 9.0); 9.0 months by local evaluation (95% confidence interval: 7.1, 12.0)). Median duration of response was longer by local evaluation in both malignancies, which was primarily attributable to earlier computed tomography and positron emission tomography-based scoring of progression by independent central review.
A limited independent review audit strategy for clinical trials of some lymphomas appears feasible and practical based on substantial concordance in assessments of overall objective response by central and local evaluation in two international, prospective, registration trials in lymphoma. Some variability between assessors in the time-to-event endpoints was observed, which appeared attributable to earlier assignments of progression by independent central review compared with local evaluation.
© The Author(s) 2016.

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Sunitinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant/intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
A meta-analysis of 10 prospective clinical studies in advanced RCC and GIST was performed to support the development of pharmacokinetic (PK) and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) models that account for the effects of important covariates. These models were used to make predictions with respect to the PK, safety, and efficacy of sunitinib when administered on the traditional 4-weeks-on/2-weeks-off schedule (Schedule 4/2) versus an alternative schedule of 2 weeks on/1 week off (Schedule 2/1).
The covariates found to have a significant effect on one or more of the PK or PD parameter studies included, age, sex, body weight, race, baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor type, and dosing schedule. The models predicted that, in both RCC and GIST patients, Schedule 2/1 would have comparable efficacy to Schedule 4/2, despite some differences in PK profiles. The models also predicted that, in both indications, sunitinib-related thrombocytopenia would be less severe when sunitinib was administered on Schedule 2/1 dosing compared with Schedule 4/2.
These findings support the use of sunitinib on Schedule 2/1 as a potential alternative to Schedule 4/2 because it allows for the management of toxicity without loss of efficacy.

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On May 6, 2016 ReCyte Therapeutics, a subsidiary of BioTime, Inc., a clinical-stage regenerative medicine company with a focus on pluripotent stem cell technology, reported the publication of a scientific paper titled, "A novel lineage restricted, pericyte-like cell line isolated from human embryonic stem cells," by Midori Greenwood-Goodwin, Jiwei Yang, Mohammad Hassanipour, and David Larocca (Press release, BioTime, MAY 6, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2166093 [SID:1234512020]). The article was released in the peer-reviewed online publication in Scientific Reports. The online version of the article can be found at www.nature.com/articles/srep24403.

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In the article, researchers at ReCyte Therapeutics demonstrate the successful isolation of a new type of human blood vessel support cell that is involved in the formation and stabilization of blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. Unlike typical angiogenic support cells which are multi-talented and can turn into other types of tissues such as bone, these precursor cells, termed PC-M cells, are highly specialized to support and strengthen blood vessels.

"When you want a specific job done, its best to call a specialist for treatment," said Dr. David Larocca, Vice President of Research and Development. "That’s why we believe these novel pericyte-like cells may be an ideal source of cells for promoting new blood flow in patients suffering from ischemic vascular disease (IVD) where clogged arteries have blocked blood flow to limbs or the heart."

Left unchecked, IVD often leads to amputation or heart failure for patients that have failed, or are not candidates for surgical interventions. Thus, there is a critical unmet medical need for new angiogenic therapies. Importantly, PC-M cells are highly stable and have a high capacity to replicate under standard laboratory conditions. They therefore can be manufactured on an industrial scale needed to treat a large patient population. At ReCyte, we are currently investigating the use of PC-M cells for treating critical limb ischemia, a late stage of IVD that afflicts diabetics and the elderly.

We have also developed a PC-M cell based co-culture assay kit called VascuNet (sold by Ascendance Biotechnology, Inc.) that’s designed to be used to screen for drugs that affect human blood vessel growth and stability. This novel assay mimics the body’s own angiogenic mechanisms for growing blood vessels which involves both supporting pericytes, and the endothelial cells that line the vessel walls. This biomimetic VascuNet assay can be used to discover new anti-angiogenic cancer drugs that kill tumors by cutting off or destabilizing their blood supply. It can also be used to screen for pro-angiogenic drugs that increase blood flow for treating ischemia.

The paper, based off of BioTime/ReCyte’s extensive research and discoveries involving iPS cells, if developed, could potentially bring value to the pharmaceutical industry interested in developing cardiovascular and cancer therapies. This development ties into BioTime’s broader strategy to allow its non-core therapeutic assets to mature into successful regenerative cell therapies, for a wide variety of degenerative diseases, to help address the critical unmet medical needs of patients worldwide.

On May 06, 2016 CytomX Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq:CTMX), a biopharmaceutical company developing investigational Probody therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, reported financial results for the first quarter ending March 31, 2016 (Press release, CytomX Therapeutics, MAY 6, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2165975 [SID:1234511991]).

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"Since our IPO, we have maintained strong strategic and operational momentum as demonstrated by our partnership with AbbVie and the advancement of our wholly-owned programs towards the clinic," said Sean McCarthy, D.Phil., president and chief executive officer of CytomX Therapeutics. "With this progress and our strong cash position we are well-positioned to build a multi-product company to transform antibody therapeutics for the treatment of cancer."

As of March 31, 2016, CytomX had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $180.6 million. The Company has updated its financial guidance and expects net cash utilization of $20.0 to $25.0 million in 2016, reduced from its previous guidance of $45.0 to $50.0 million. The Company is maintaining its guidance that its existing capital resources will be sufficient to fund its anticipated operations through 2018.

Business Highlights and Recent Developments

On April 21, 2016, the Company announced that it had entered into a collaboration with AbbVie to co-develop and co-commercialize Probody Drug Conjugates against CD71, with CytomX leading pre-clinical and early clinical development. AbbVie will lead later development and commercialization, with global late-stage development costs shared between the two companies. CytomX received an upfront payment of $30 million and is eligible to receive up to $470 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones, pending the achievement of pre-determined outcomes. AbbVie will lead global commercial activities with CytomX eligible to receive a profit share in the U.S. and tiered double-digit royalties on net product sales outside of the U.S. CytomX retains an option to co-promote in the U.S.

On April 19, 2016, the Company presented data from its PD-1 and CD71 programs at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting evidencing efficacy and improved tolerability for Probody therapeutics in preclinical models.

The Company remains on track to file an IND for CX-072, a Probody therapeutic targeting PD-L1, in the second half of 2016 and an IND for CX-2009, a Probody drug conjugate targeting CD166, in the first half of 2017.

During the first quarter, the Company announced selection of a third target by Bristol-Myers Squibb in accordance with the companies’ strategic oncology collaboration established in May 2014, triggering a $10 million milestone payment.

First Quarter Financial Results

Cash, cash equivalents and investments totaled $180.6 million as of March 31, 2016, compared to $186.7 million as of December 31, 2015. The decrease reflects cash used in operations offset by a $10.0 million milestone payment received from Bristol-Myers Squibb in connection with their third target selection in January 2016.

Research and development expenses were $13.4 million for the first quarter of 2016, compared to $4.7 million for the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to $4.9 million in manufacturing costs for the Company’s CX-072 and CX-2009 programs in preparation for preclinical and clinical studies, $1.3 million in laboratory and professional services, $1.3 million in non-cash stock based compensation due to higher stock valuation, $0.8 million in personnel-related expenses due to an increase in headcount and $0.4 million in royalty payments to a third party triggered by Bristol-Myers Squibb’s milestone payment in connection with its third target selection. The Company expects the manufacturing costs for the two programs to continue into the second quarter and the costs related to preparation for CX-072 clinical trials to increase in the third quarter.

General and administrative expenses were $5.0 million for the first quarter of 2016, compared to $1.9 million for the first quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to $1.2 million in additional consulting and professional service expenses associated with operating as a public company, $1.1 million in non-cash stock based compensation due to higher stock valuation and $0.7 million in personnel-related expenses due to an increase in headcount.