Checkmate Pharmaceuticals Appoints David Mauro, M.D., Ph.D., as Chief Medical Officer and Announces Dosing of First Patient in Immuno-Oncology Phase 1b Trial with CMP-001, a TLR9 Agonist

On April 20, 2016 Checkmate Pharmaceuticals , a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel approaches for cancer immunotherapy, reported the appointment of David Mauro, M.D., Ph.D . to the newly created position of Chief Medical Officer. Checkmate also announced the dosing of the first patient in a Phase 1b trial with CMP-001 in combination with pembrolizumab in melanoma patients who have either progressed on or failed to respond to at least 12 weeks of anti -‐ PD1 therapy. CMP -‐ 001 is a first -‐ in -‐ class CpG -‐ A oligonucleotide that activates the innate immune system via Toll -‐ like receptor 9 (TLR9) (Press release, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, APR 20, 2016, View Source [SID1234516800]). The combination therapy has the potential to increase the proportion of cancer patients who respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapies and to increase the magnitude and duration of the anti -‐ tumor responses , providing added clinical benefit . Industry Veteran with Immun o -‐ Oncology Clinical Development and Leadership Expertise Dr. Mauro brings to Checkmate more than 15 years of experience in early and late stage oncology drug development, clinical and translational research , and medical affairs. Previously he served as Exe cu tive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer at Advaxis , where he was responsible for the strategy and oversight of the company’s clinical programs, including several combination drug programs with checkpoint inhibitor s . "We welcome David to the Checkmate team at this pivotal time ," said Art Krieg, M.D., Chief E xecutive Officer of Checkmate. " His deep knowledge and experience in immuno -‐ oncology , and specifically in the development of checkpoint inhibitor combinations, will be invaluable to Checkmate in the clinical development of CMP -‐ 001 for patients with advanced cancer ." Dr. Mauro has held senior level positions at Merck & Co. and Bristol Myers Squibb Company, where he was involved in the clinical development, trans la tional science , and life cycle management for multiple programs , including Keytruda ( pembrolizumab ), Erbitux (cetuximab), Sprycel (dasatinib), and Sylatron (peginterferon alfa -‐ 2b). He received his Bachelor of Science in Bioch emistry from Cornell University, his medical degree and his doctorate in pharmacology from Temple Univ ersity School of Medicine , and completed his residency training at the National Cancer Institute. A s Chief Medical Officer at Checkmate, Dr. Mauro will oversee the development of the Company’s current and future clinical programs, based on the TLR9 mechani sm of immune activation. " I am excited to be joining Checkmate as it progress es CMP -‐ 001 into the clinic in itially in melanoma patients ," said Dr. Mauro. "I look forward to working with the team to further expand the development of this compound in other indications and checkpoint inhibitor combinations . The immun o -‐ oncology field is evolving rapidly , and I believe that CMP -‐ 001 has the potential to increase the response rates to current checkpoint therapies a nd have a broad impact in the development of new standards of care f or oncology treatment." Initiation of Phase 1b Trial in Advanced Melanoma with a TLR9 Immune Activator Checkmate has dosed the first patient in its Phase 1b clinical study of CMP -‐ 001 . Th e trial is designed as a multi -‐ center, open -‐ label study of CMP -‐ 001 in combination with pembrolizumab for patients with advanced melanoma who have either progressed on an anti -‐ PD1 , or have failed to respond to at least 12 weeks of therapy . Patients will c ontinue on the approved dose and schedule of pembrolizumab, with the addition of intratumoral CMP -‐ 001 therapy. The trial will include a dose escalation study and will enroll patients in an expansion phase , as well as undertake correlative studies to characterize the immune effects of treatment in the blood and tumor. P atients will be monitored for safety and tolerability as well as possible clinical response . " We are excited to begin our clinical development of this new appr oac h of a ltering the tumor microenvironment with intratumoral CMP -‐ 001," said Dr. Krieg. " We believe this treatment should convert "cold" tumors , which lack immune activation and are not likely to respond to checkpoint inhibitors , in to immunologically "hot" tumors which are much more likely to respond to checkpoint inhibition . This has the potential to induce a powerful anti -‐ tumor CD8 + T cell immune response resulting in significantly increased response rates to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in multiple cancer indications ." About CMP -‐ 001 CMP -‐ 001 comprises a CpG -‐ A oligonucleotide packaged within a virus -‐ like particle . It is designed to activate the innate immune system via Toll -‐ like receptor 9 (TLR9) and mediate tumor control by the subsequent induction of both innate and adaptive anti -‐ tumor immune responses . CMP -‐ 001 is the only CpG -‐ A oligonucleotide in clinical development . It differs from the other major classes of TLR9 agonists in development , CpG -‐ B, and CpG -‐ C , by it s induction of much higher levels of type I interferons, without inducing immune suppressive IL -‐ 10. In addition, the virus -‐ like particle nature of CMP -‐ 001 will promote formation of immune complexes within tumors, providing an additional mechanism driving anti -‐ tumor i mmunity. In preclinical models , CMP -‐ 001 shows single agent activity in controlling growth of both local and distant tumors, with increased anti -‐ tumor ac tivity seen in combination with systemic anti -‐ PD -‐ 1 therapy. CMP -‐ 001 was licensed from Kuros Biosciences AG and was formerly known as CYT003. It has previously demonstrated a good safety profile and evidence of immune activity in over 700 patients who participated in clinical trials for non -‐ oncology indications.
About Checkmate
Checkmate Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage company pursuing a novel approach to specifically activating the innate arm of the immune system to recognize and ultimately destroy tumor cells. The company is leveraging its expertise and the vast body of knowledge in the field of CpG oligonucleotides and is validating a n approach that will combine the ability of CpG DNA to activate an anti -‐ tumor T cell response with checkpoint inhibition to overcome a tumor’s ability to mute the immune response .
Checkmate’s founder and CEO, Dr. Art Krieg, discovered immune stimulatory CpG DNA in 1994 . S ince then , CpG containing DNA therapies have been administered to thousands of patients showing potent immune activation and a n acceptable safety profile. Checkmate is a privately held company headquartered in Cambridge, M A , whose Series A investors include Sofinnova Ventures and venBio

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Upregulation of Periostin and Reactive Stroma Is Associated with Primary Chemoresistance and Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Up to one third of ovarian cancer patients are intrinsically resistant to platinum-based treatment. However, predictive and therapeutic strategies are lacking due to a poor understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to identify key molecular characteristics that are associated with primary chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancers.
Gene expression profiling was performed on a discovery set of 85 ovarian tumors with clinically well-defined response to chemotherapies as well as on an independent validation dataset containing 138 ovarian patients from the chemotreatment arm of the ICON7 trial.
We identified a distinct "reactive stroma" gene signature that is specifically associated with primary chemoresistant tumors and was further upregulated in posttreatment recurrent tumors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH) analyses on three of the highest-ranked signature genes (POSTN, LOX, and FAP) confirmed that modulation of the reactive stroma signature genes within the peritumoral stromal compartments was specifically associated with the clinical chemoresistance. Consistent with these findings, chemosensitive ovarian cells grown in the presence of recombinant POSTN promoted resistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment in vitro. Finally, we validated the reactive stroma signature in an independent dataset and demonstrated that a high POSTN expression level predicts shorter progression-free survival following first-line chemotherapy.
Our findings highlight the important interplay between cancer and the tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer biology and treatment. The identified reactive stromal components in this study provide a molecular basis to the further development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
©2015 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper).

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CytRx to Present Updated Aldoxorubicin Clinical Trial Data at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting in June 2016

On April 20, 2016 CytRx Corporation (NASDAQ: CYTR), a biopharmaceutical research and development company specializing in oncology, reported that three aldoxorubicin clinical trials have been accepted for poster presentations during the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting being held at McCormick Place in Chicago, Illinois, from June, 3-7, 2016 (Press release, CytRx, APR 20, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2158694 [SID:1234511140]). The three clinical trials to be presented are:

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Title: Phase 2 study of aldoxorubicin in relapsed glioblastoma
Date/Time: June 4, 2016 1:00pm-5:00pm
Poster Session: Central Nervous System Tumors; Abstract 2027

Title: Phase 1b study of aldoxorubicin + gemcitabine in metastatic solid tumors
Date/Time: June 5, 2016 8:00am-11:30am
Poster Session: Developmental Therapeutics – Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Abstract: 2523

Title: Treatment of HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma with aldoxorubicin
Date/Time: June 6, 2016 8:00am-11:30am
Poster Session: Sarcoma; Abstract: 11038

"Presenting the results from these three clinical trials at the ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting demonstrates the broad potential for aldoxorubicin and should raise awareness among oncologists," said Daniel Levitt, M.D., Ph.D., CytRx’s EVP and Chief Medical Officer. "Based on its unique ability to selectively bind serum albumin and preferentially release drug at the tumor site, aldoxorubicin has now shown clinical anti-cancer activity in several tumor types including our lead indication of advanced soft tissue sarcomas for which we expect top-line data in June from our pivotal Phase 3 trial."

Aldoxorubicin is CytRx’s lead anti-cancer drug candidate in clinical development utilizing its LADRTM (Linker Activated Drug Release) technology. A global, pivotal Phase 3 trial in patients with relapsed or refractory soft tissue sarcomas has fully enrolled and top-line results for the primary endpoint of progression-free survival are expected in June 2016. The trial is being conducted under a Special Protocol Assessment granted by the FDA. In addition, CytRx is conducting a randomized Phase 2b clinical trial in patients with second-line small cell lung cancer comparing aldoxorubicin topotecan. CytRx has completed enrollment of a Phase 2 trial with aldoxorubicin for patients with relapsed glioblastoma and continues to follow patients for survival. CytRx also conducted a Phase 2 trial with low doses of aldoxorubicin in patients with HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. Aldoxorubicin is currently being tested in two Phase 1b trials in combination with other chemotherapies. The first trial is in combination with gemcitabine for metastatic solid tumors, and the second trial is in combination with ifosfamide as a first-line treatment for patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas.

About Aldoxorubicin

The widely used chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin is delivered systemically and is highly toxic, which limits its dose to a level below its maximum therapeutic benefit. Doxorubicin also is associated with many side effects, especially the potential for damage to heart muscle at cumulative doses greater than 450 mg/m2. Aldoxorubicin combines doxorubicin with a novel single-molecule linker that binds directly and specifically to circulating albumin, the most plentiful protein in the bloodstream. Protein-hungry tumors concentrate albumin, thus increasing the delivery of the linker molecule with the attached doxorubicin to tumor sites. In the acidic environment of the tumor, but not the neutral environment of healthy tissues, doxorubicin is released. This allows for greater doses (3 ½ to 4 times) of doxorubicin to be administered while reducing its toxic side effects. In studies thus far there has been no evidence of clinically significant effects of aldoxorubicin on heart muscle, even at cumulative doses of drug well in excess of 2,000 mg/m2.

CCN4/WISP1 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1): a focus on its role in cancer.

The matricellular protein WISP1 is a member of the CCN protein family. It is induced by WNT1 and is a downstream target of β-catenin. WISP1 is expressed during embryonic development, wound healing and tissue repair. Aberrant WISP1 expression is associated with various pathologies including osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer. Its role in tumor progression and clinical outcome makes WISP1 an emerging candidate for the detection and treatment of tumors.
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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A novel nickel complex works as a proteasomal deubiquitinase inhibitor for cancer therapy.

Based on the central role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the degradation of cellular proteins, proteasome inhibition has been considered an attractive approach for anticancer therapy. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) remove ubiquitin conjugates from diverse substrates; therefore, they are essential regulators of the UPS. DUB inhibitors, especially the inhibitors of proteasomal DUBs are becoming a research hotspot in targeted cancer therapy. Previous studies have shown that metal complexes, such as copper and zinc complexes, can induce cancer cell apoptosis through inhibiting UPS function. Moreover, we have found that copper pyrithione inhibits both 19S proteasome-associated DUBs and 20S proteasome activity with a mechanism distinct from that of the classical 20S proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. In the present study, we reveal that (i) nickel pyrithione complex (NiPT) potently inhibits the UPS via targeting the 19S proteasome-associated DUBs (UCHL5 and USP14), without effecting on the 20S proteasome; (ii) NiPT selectively induces proteasome inhibition and apoptosis in cultured tumor cells and cancer cells from acute myeloid leukemia human patients; and (iii) NiPT inhibits proteasome function and tumor growth in nude mice. This study, for the first time, uncovers a nickel complex as an effective inhibitor of the 19S proteasomal DUBs and suggests a potentially new strategy for cancer treatment.Oncogene advance online publication, 18 April 2016; doi:10.1038/onc.2016.114.

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