On April 19, 2016 SignalRx Pharmaceuticals Inc., focused on developing more effective oncology drugs through molecular design imparting multiple target-selected inhibition, reported the presentation of scientific data on the company’s dual small-molecule PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor program in oncology (Press release, SignalRx, APR 19, 2016, http://www.ireachcontent.com/news-releases/signalrx-presents-at-aacr-annual-meeting-on-first-in-class-dual-pi3kbrd4-inhibitors-for-treating-cancer-576189881.html [SID1234527327]). The presentation by Dr. Donald L. Durden, MD, PhD, senior scientific advisor for SignalRx, was made at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA.

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

The presentation highlighted advancements in the development of SF2523, SF2535 and SF2558HA, all single small molecules that inhibit both PI3 kinase (PI3K) and the new epigenetic cancer target BRD4. Key breakthroughs are:

New crystal structures obtained for SF2523, SF2535 and SF2558HA with BRD4 protein providing insights on key dual inhibitor binding interactions.
First-time proof of MYC inhibition by enhancing MYC degradation via PI3K inhibition AND blocking MYC production via MYC transcription inhibition (BRD4 inhibition).
SF2523 exhibits desired in vivo anti-tumor effects with no toxicity in several mouse cancer models.
Inhibition of PI3K-gamma and delta isoforms by SF2523 function as checkpoint inhibitors and enhance immune-therapeutics.
BRD4 inhibition blocks tumor-specific super-enhancers activating the innate and adaptive immune response providing a novel strategy to treat cancer.
The company also demonstrated that SF2523 is safer to normal cells over the combination of single PI3K and BRD4 inhibitors making SF2523 an attractive anti-cancer candidate that can potentially overcome traditional toxicity issues associated with most combinations of oncology drugs.

SignalRx is also announcing that it is seeking a partner to accelerate the development of these novel small molecules into first-in-man clinical trials based on the promising profile of its PI3K/BRD4 inhibitors shown so far. Since these are single molecules with a single PK/PD and toxicity profile, there is a great opportunity to develop them as single therapeutics and streamline their development in combination therapies focused on companion diagnostics built around synthetic lethality discoveries in human cancers, e.g., kinome adaptation mediated by BRD4.

On April 19, 2016 Galena Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ:GALE), a biopharmaceutical company committed to the development and commercialization of targeted oncology therapeutics that address major unmet medical needs, reported that data from the booster phase of the Company’s GALE-301/GALE-302 Phase 1/2a clinical trial was presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting (Press release, Galena Biopharma, APR 19, 2016, View Source [SID:SID1234515197]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

The poster, entitled, "Comparing an attenuated booster (E39’) vs. E39 booster to potentiate the clinical benefit of the folate binding protein (FBP)-derived vaccine (E39 + GM-CSF) in a phase I/IIa trial to prevent recurrence in endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC) patients," was presented today by Dr. Doreen Jackson from the San Antonio Military Medical Center. In the Phase 2a portion of the trial, patients were randomized to two different boosters: E39 (GALE-301), versus E39’ (GALE-302). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the immune responses and determine which booster, if either, would provide a sustained immune response and potentially longer disease free survival (DFS) rates.

The use of the wildtype peptide (GALE-301/E39) demonstrated the same tolerable safety profile as the attenuated peptide (GALE-302/E39’) with only Grade 1 local reactions and minimal Grade 2 toxicities. Importantly, the percentage of patients who received two booster inoculations and remained disease free was significantly better in the drug treatment arm, versus the control arm (p=0.02), regardless of which booster was used. At median follow up of 16 months, the boosters demonstrated equivalent efficacy after two booster inoculations with an estimated, two-year DFS rate of 66.7% (GALE-301 n=7, GALE-302 n=7) in each booster arm versus 36% (n=22) in the control arm.

"In our GALE-301 Phase 2a trial, we randomized patients to determine an optimal boosting strategy and to see if there was an observable difference between boosting patients with GALE-301 versus the attenuated version of the peptide, GALE-302," stated Bijan Nejadnik, M.D., Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer. "The results show that both boosters were effective with no measurable difference between them, and we will consider this as we continue to evaluate the best path forward for our compounds targeting FBP. The primary analysis of this trial will be presented at the upcoming American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) meeting in June."

A total of 51 patients were enrolled in the Phase 1/2a trial with 29 HLA-A2-positive patients in the vaccine group (VG) and 22 HLA-A2-negative patients in the control group (CG). Six monthly intradermal inoculations of GALE-301 plus 250mcg GM-CSF were administered to the VG to complete the primary vaccine series (PVS). Patients were then randomized to receive two booster inoculations of 500mcg of GALE-301 or GALE-302 plus 250mcg GM-CSF at six and twelve months post-PVS. Seventeen patients continued onto the booster series and were randomized with 14 receiving two boosters. There were no significant demographic or baseline differences between groups, no difference in toxicities were observed, and there were no Grade 3 or 4 toxicities in either group.

About GALE-301 and GALE-302
GALE-301 and GALE-302 are cancer immunotherapies that consist of a peptide derived from Folate Binding Protein (FBP) combined with the immune adjuvant, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for the prevention of cancer recurrence in the adjuvant setting. GALE-301 is the E39 peptide, while GALE-302 is an attenuated version of this peptide, known as E39’. FBP is a well-validated therapeutic target that is highly over-expressed in ovarian, endometrial and breast cancers, and is the source of immunogenic peptides that can stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to recognize and destroy FBP-expressing cancer cells. Two trials are ongoing with FBP peptides in gynecological cancers: the GALE-301 Phase 2a portion of the Phase 1/2a clinical trial is ongoing in ovarian and endometrial adenocarcinomas (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01580696); the GALE-301 plus GALE-302 Phase 1b clinical trial is ongoing in breast and ovarian cancers (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02019524).

About Ovarian/Endometrial Cancers
New cases of ovarian cancer occur at an annual rate of 12.1 per 100,000 women in the U.S., with an estimated 21,290 cases for 2015. Although ovarian cancer represents about 1.3% of all cancers, it represents about 2.4% of all cancer deaths, or an estimated 14,180 deaths in 2015. Approximately 1.3% of women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer at some point during their lifetime (2010 – 2012 data). The prevalence of ovarian cancer in the U.S. is about 192,000 women, and the five-year survivorship for women with ovarian cancer is 45.6%.

Due to the lack of specific symptoms, the majority of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at later stages of the disease, with an estimated 75% of women presenting with advanced-stage (III or IV) disease. These patients have their tumors routinely surgically debulked to minimal residual disease, and then are treated with platinum- and/or taxane-based chemotherapy. While many patients respond to this treatment regimen and become clinically free-of-disease, the majority of these patients will relapse. Depending upon their level of residual disease, the risk for recurrence after completion of primary therapy ranges from 60% to 85%. Unfortunately for these women, once the disease recurs, treatment options are limited and the disease remains incurable.
New cases of endometrial cancer occur at an annual rate of 25.1 per 100,000 women in the U.S., with an estimated 54,870 cases for 2015. Although endometrial cancer represents about 3.3% of all cancers, it represents about 1.7% of all cancer deaths, or an estimated 10,170 deaths in 2015. Approximately 2.8% of women will be diagnosed with endometrial cancer at some point during their lifetime (2010 – 2012 data). The prevalence of endometrial cancer in the U.S. is about 620,000 women, and the five-year survivorship for women with endometrial cancer is 81.7%.

On April 19, 2016 Advaxis, Inc. (NASDAQ:ADXS), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing cancer immunotherapies, hosted a Research Reception on Monday, April 18, 2016 at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana (Press release, Advaxis, APR 19, 2016, View Source [SID:1234511045]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

The Research Reception featured Rosemarie Krupar, M.D., of Baylor College of Medicine, presenting "Immunogenicity of Axalimogene Filolisbac in Head and Neck Cancer," a review of the late-breaking poster presentation (Abstract #LB-095). The phase 2 trial leveraged a 5-6 week window between diagnosis and trans-oral robotic surgery, administering two doses of treatment with Advaxis’ lead immunotherapy candidate, axalimogene filolisbac (AXAL), two weeks apart to eight patients with late-stage HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC). The study observed changes to the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), including cytotoxic T cell infiltration into the post-resection tumor, increased immune activation, a reduction of regulatory T cells, infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, and increased expression of inflammatory activation markers, suggesting that AXAL has the potential to cause positive immunologic responses for patients with HPV+ head and neck cancers.

Nicola Mason, Ph.D., BVetMed, Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, presented "Immune Therapy with ADXS31-164 Prevents Metastatic Disease and Prolongs Overall Survival in Spontaneous Canine Osteosarcoma." In her presentation, Dr. Mason reviewed her experiences with ADXS31-164 in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma. In two separate studies, repeat administrations of up to 3.3 x 109 CFUs were well tolerated with transient low-grade side effects. Immune responses to HER2/neu were detected within 6 months in 15 of 18 dogs with minimal residual disease. In these dogs, metastatic disease was delayed or prevented. Radiographic progression of primary osteosarcoma lesions was prevented in a subset of dogs who were treated after palliative radiotherapy. Treated animals had tumor-specific T-cell responses in the tumor site and reduced numbers of Tregs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.

Robert Petit, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer and EVP of Advaxis, presented "Effect of Advaxis’ Lm Immunotherapy on the STING Pathway." In his presentation, Dr. Petit discussed the potent triggering of STING (STimulator of Interferon Genes) built into every Advaxis vector and triggered by DNA, including 80-100 copies of DNA plasmids, that code for tumor target antigens. Advaxis Lm-LLO vectors escape into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) where the human STING receptor is triggered preferentially by DNA. Triggering STING results in the secretion of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been linked to immune sensing of tumors, clinical responses to melanoma, and inflammation of the tumor microenvironment. Experiments in STING knock-out models demonstrate that triggering of STING contributes to part, but not all, of the ability of ADXS11-001 to control HPV+ tumors.

The Research Reception concluded with a final presentation by Robert Petit, "Cancer Neoepitope Immunotherapy: An Update on ADXS-NEO." Advaxis’ Lm Technology is being used to develop novel ADXS-NEO immunotherapies personalized to the specific and unique neo-epitopes found in an individual patient’s tumor. ADXS-NEO is projected to be available for patients in 6-8 weeks from biopsy to infusion. This platform is able to decrease Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment and can be used to combine tumor driver targets along with neoepitope targets. Data was presented from a mouse model, demonstrating the ability of ADXS-NEO to express multiple tumor neoantigens which were capable of controlling tumor growth. The data developed in this model confirms that ADXS-NEO can be successfully executed and administered and has the ability to control the tumors that were the source of the neoantigens. Advaxis is currently developing an Investigational New Drug Application for ADXS-NEO and is planning for upcoming clinical trials.

Advaxis is actively building collaborations in academia and industry to drive ADXS-NEO forward, including the MINE (My Immunotherapy Neo-Epitopes) collaboration with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, focusing on preclinical and clinical development of neoepitope-based Lm treatments. The goal of MINE is to develop neo-epitope immunotherapies based on the specific and unique neo-epitopes found in an individual patient’s tumor. Advaxis is currently partnering with SGI-DNA for DNA synthesis and bioinformatics.

To view the presentation slides and to listen to the presenters, visit www.advaxis.com.

About Axalimogene Filolisbac

Axalimogene filolisbac (AXAL) is Advaxis’ lead Lm Technology immunotherapy candidate for the treatment of HPV-associated cancers and is in clinical trials for three potential indications: invasive cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, and anal cancer. In a completed randomized Phase 2 study in recurrent/refractory cervical cancer, axalimogene filolisbac showed apparent prolonged survival, objective tumor responses, and a manageable safety profile alone or in combination with chemotherapy, supporting further development of the company’s Lm Technology. Axalimogene filolisbac has Orphan Drug Designation in the U.S. for the treatment of anal cancer.

On April 19, 2016 Cerulean Pharma Inc. (NASDAQ:CERU), a clinical-stage company developing nanoparticle-drug conjugates (NDCs), reported the presentation of clinical data in a late-breaker at the 2016 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting. Adrian Senderowicz, M.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of Cerulean will present results from the first 18 patients enrolled in an investigator-sponsored trial (Press release, Cerulean Pharma, APR 19, 2016, View Source [SID:1234511092]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

The trial studies CRLX101 in combination with Avastin in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. The trial employs a Simon Two-Stage Design and has met the stage gate criteria for advancement into Stage 2. In order to advance to Stage 2, more than two events of progression-free survival at six months (PFS6) were needed. Eighteen patients were treated in Stage 1, and 25 patients will be enrolled in Stage 2. The study is sponsored by Massachusetts General Hospital. Cerulean and Genentech provide the trial with CRLX101 and Avastin, respectively.

"This arm of the study is designed to assess whether combining Avastin with CRLX101 improves the antitumor activity observed with CRLX101 in the monotherapy arm of the study," said Carolyn N. Krasner, M.D., principal investigator of the trial. "VEGF inhibitors such as Avastin starve tumors of oxygen, resulting in tumor shrinkage, but they may exacerbate the hypoxic conditions present in solid tumors, which would increase HIF-1α. CRLX101 inhibits HIF-1α and mitigates HIF-associated resistance to VEGF inhibitors. The Stage 1 results show that CRLX101 plus Avastin appears to provide a greater benefit than CRLX101 alone. I am pleased that the study has advanced into Stage 2."

"The increased tumor activity observed by combining CRLX101 with Avastin is encouraging," said Dr. Senderowicz. "We also are evaluating the combination of CRLX101 and Avastin in our randomized Phase 2 study in 3rd and 4th line renal cell carcinoma, and there are many other opportunities to combine our HIF-inhibitor with Avastin or other therapies, including TKIs, chemotherapy or radiation therapy."

Results from Stage 1 Arm of Phase 2 Trial of CRLX101 in Combination with Avastin in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

In this open-label study, patients were dosed in two arms: a CRLX101 monotherapy arm (Group A) and a combination arm of CRLX101 with Avastin (Group B). Group A patients received CRLX101 at 15 mg/m2 every other week (presented at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) 2014) and Group B patients received CRLX101 at 15 mg/m2 with Avastin 10 mg/kg every other week. The primary endpoint for both groups was the rate of PFS6 using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), PFS, ≥50% reduction of CA125 over baseline, and safety. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed by CTCAE v4.0. Pre- and post-treatment tumor biopsies were collected from a cohort of patients on CRLX101 as monotherapy to evaluate relevant progressive disease endpoints.

In Stage 1 of Group B, a total of 18 platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients were evaluated. PFS6 (defined as patients that are free of progression at six months) was demonstrated in 56% of patients (10 out of 18). The overall response rate was 17% (3 out of 18 patients). The overall stable disease rate was 78% (14 out of 18 patients). The clinical benefit rate (defined as patients that either achieved a partial response or stable disease) was 94% (17 out of 18). Median PFS (defined as time from first dose to discontinuation of treatment) is 6.2 months so far, and 2 of 18 patients have been on treatment after 11 months. A ≥ 50% decline in CA125 was demonstrated in 44% patients (8 out of 18). Thus far, Group B showed increased antitumor activity relative to Group A on all of the aforementioned dimensions.

AEs most commonly observed with the combination were anemia (10 patients, 56%); nausea (10 patients, 56%); fatigue (6 patients, 33%); and proteinuria (5 patients, 28%). The majority of AEs were Grade 1. There were four drug-related AEs that were Grade 3 or 4: Grade 3 anemia, elevated alanine transaminase levels, and non-infective cystitis, and Grade 4 febrile neutropenia.

Details of the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) late-breaking poster presentation are as follows:

Title:
Phase 2 trial of the NDC CRLX101 in combination with Avastin in patients with Platinum-Resistant OvarianCancer (PROC)
Date and Time:
Tuesday, April 19 – 8:00 am to 12:00 pm
Abstract number:
CT090
Location:
Section 13
Poster board number:
18

A copy of the poster will be available upon request following AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) by emailing [email protected].

About CRLX101

CRLX101 is a nanoparticle-drug conjugate (NDC) designed to concentrate in tumors and slowly release its anti-cancer payload, camptothecin, inside tumor cells. CRLX101 inhibits topoisomerase 1 (topo 1), which is involved in cellular replication, and also inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which research suggests is a master regulator of cancer cell survival mechanisms. CRLX101 has shown activity in four different tumor types, both as monotherapy and in combination with other cancer treatments. CRLX101 is in Phase 2 clinical development and has been dosed in more than 350 patients. The U.S. FDA has granted CRLX101 Orphan Drug designation for the treatment of ovarian cancer and Fast Track designation in combination with Avastin in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

On April 19, 2016 BioLineRx Ltd. (NASDAQ/TASE: BLRX) reported that detailed results from a study on the underlying mechanism of action of BL-8040, its lead platform for the treatment of multiple cancer and hematological indications, were presented by Prof. Amnon Peled at the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) 2016 meeting in New Orleans (Press release, BioLineRx, APR 19, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2158220 [SID:1234511046]).

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

The work presented, entitled "CXCR4 Controls BCL-2 Expression and Function by Regulating miR-15a/16-1 Expression in Tumor Cells," illustrates the mechanism by which the CXCR4 pathway controls malignant cell survival and death in preclinical studies. Specifically, the studies point out how BL-8040 increases the expression and activity of a special class of microRNA precursors termed miR-15a/16-1. These microRNA molecules have been previously linked to cancer, and shown to suppress the activity of several tumor-related pro-survival proteins, specifically BCL2, MCL1 and cyclin D1. The studies presented showed that BL-8040 increases the suppression of these three target proteins through miR-15a/16-1, thereby increasing tumor cell death.

The BL-8040 oncology platform is a short cyclic peptide that functions as a high-affinity antagonist for CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that is directly involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell survival. CXCR4 is overexpressed in the majority of cancer cells, and its degree of expression often correlates with disease severity.

Dr. Kinneret Savitsky, CEO of BioLineRx, stated, "We recently announced the successful top-line results for BL-8040, in combination with Cytarabine, one of the standard-of-care chemotherapies, in a Phase 2 study in relapsed or refractory AML. In that study, BL-8040 showed a triple effect on the leukemic cells. First, BL-8040 monotherapy triggered robust mobilization of AML cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood, thereby sensitizing these cells to the chemotherapy and improving its efficacy. Second, BL-8040 monotherapy showed a 3-4 fold increase in the direct apoptotic effect on the leukemia cells in the bone marrow. Last, BL-8040 monotherapy induced leukemia progenitor cells towards differentiation. As a result of these factors, we reported a 38% complete remission rate in the study, compared to historical remission rates in similar patient populations with similar treatment regimens of approximately 20% for Cytarabine on a stand-alone basis. We look forward to providing the full results of this study at an upcoming scientific conference."

"In this regard, we are pleased to announce the current study results presented at the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) meeting, which provide significant clarity regarding BL-8040’s mechanism of action relating to apoptosis. The data suggest that BL-8040 is able to indirectly suppress the activity of several tumor-promoting genes, by increasing the activity of the microRNA molecule miR-15a/16-1. Of note, one of these pro-survival proteins, BCL-2, is a validated anti-cancer target that is recently attracting a lot of interest in the drug development space."

"In order to further expand and enhance the potential of our unique oncology platform, BL-8040 is undergoing multiple clinical studies, including our recently announced immuno-oncology collaboration with Merck on a Phase 2 study to investigate BL-8040 in combination with KEYTRUDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer," concluded Dr. Savitsky.

Link to AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) On-Line Abstract

About BL-8040
BL-8040 is a clinical-stage drug candidate for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, as well as other hematological indications. It is a short cyclic peptide that functions as a high-affinity antagonist for CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that is directly involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels in the tumor), metastasis (spread of the disease to other organs or organ parts) and cell survival. CXCR4 is over-expressed in more than 70% of human cancers and its expression often correlates with disease severity. In a Phase 1/2, open-label, dose escalation, safety and efficacy clinical trial in 18 multiple myeloma patients, BL-8040, when combined with G-CSF, demonstrated an excellent safety profile at all doses tested and was highly effective in the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and white blood cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood. Additionally, in a Phase 1 stem-cell mobilization study in healthy volunteers, BL-8040 as a single agent was safe and well tolerated at all doses tested and resulted in efficient stem-cell mobilization and collection in all study participants. Importantly, the results of this study support the use of BL-8040 as one-day, single-dose collection regimen, which is a significant improvement upon the current standard of care.

BL-8040 also mobilizes cancer cells from the bone marrow and may therefore sensitize these cells to chemo- and bio-based anti-cancer therapy. Importantly, BL-8040 has also demonstrated a direct anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis. Pre-clinical studies show that BL-8040 inhibits the growth of various tumor types including multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, non-small cell lung carcinoma, neuroblastoma and melanoma. BL-8040 also significantly and preferentially stimulated apoptotic cell death of malignant cells (multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and leukemia). Significant synergistic and/or additive tumor cell killing activity has been observed in-vitro and in-vivo when tumor cells were treated with BL-8040 together with Rituximab, Bortezomib, Imatinib, Cytarabine and the FLT-3 inhibitor AC-220 (in NHL, MM, CML, AML, and AML-FLT3-ITD models, respectively). In addition, the recently completed Phase 2 clinical trial in AML patients has demonstrated robust mobilization and apoptosis of cancer cells, along with a clinically meaningful response rate. BL-8040 was licensed by BioLineRx from Biokine Therapeutics and was previously developed under the name BKT-140.