Pre-clinical profile of Porcupine inhibitor RXC004 presented at EORTC-NCI-AACR 2016

On November 30, 2016Redx Pharma is pleased to announce that it will present the pre-clinical profile of its Porcupine inhibitor RXC004 at the 28th European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), National Cancer Institute (NCI) and American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Symposium in Munich, Germany, on 30 November 2016 (Press release, Redx Pharma, NOV 30, 2016, View Source [SID1234524744]).

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Redx’s Porcupine inhibitor RXC004 exhibits potent and selective inhibition of the Wnt pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of Wnt dependant pancreatic cancer. Preliminary results indicate that RXC004 may also enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, by reducing the proportion of regulatory T cells in the tumour microenvironment and enhancing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells to regulatory T cells in tumour infiltrates.

Pre-clinical studies are ongoing to determine the effect of RXC004 on the immune response to cancer. The Company is progressing studies to prepare the RXC004 program for first-in-human clinical trials. The aim is to commence these, initially monotherapy, trials early 2017.

Dr Neil Murray, CEO of Redx, said: We’re delighted to present the compelling pre-clinical profile of our Porcupine inhibitor RXC004 at the EORTC-NCI-AACR (Free EORTC-NCI-AACR Whitepaper) Symposium.

RXC004 has the potential to become a potent therapy for a subset of biliary, gastric and pancreatic cancer patients. It has also been shown to enhance the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies. We aim to initiate first-in-human clinical studies for RXC004 early 2017.

Details of the presentation:
Date: 30 November 2016
Time: 10:15-17:00
Poster Session: Immunotherapy
Poster Board Number: P131
Poster Title: Novel Porcupine inhibitor RXC004: Potent efficacy in animal models of cancer through direct tumour targeting and immunomodulatory mechanisms
Download the presentation poster: Novel Porcupine inhibitor RXC004

NanoString Technologies Highlights Advances in Precision Oncology at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology

On November 30, 2016 NanoString Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ:NSTG), a provider of life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostic products, reported the highlights of numerous advances in precision oncology and hematology using the nCounter platform that will be presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) (Free ASH Whitepaper) (Press release, NanoString Technologies, NOV 30, 2016, View Source [SID1234516871]).

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"We’re excited by the volume and impact of the important translational research that our customers and collaborators are presenting at the meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) (Free ASH Whitepaper)," said Brad Gray, president and chief executive officer of NanoString Technologies. "This research includes significant advances in subtyping lymphomas and optimizing regimens to achieve better clinical outcomes."

The ASH (Free ASH Whitepaper) Annual Meeting, being held December 3-6, in San Diego, will include at least seven oral presentations and nine posters that demonstrate the unique capabilities and robust performance of the nCounter platform. In particular, several abstracts provide additional insights on the development and performance of NanoString’s assay in development for subtyping lymphoma.

In lymphoma, NanoString and its collaborators are presenting results generated using the nCounter-based Lymphoma Subtyping Test showing its analytical robustness and clinical relevance, including:

Analytical validation of the investigational nCounter-based Lymphoma Subtyping Test for cell-of-origin (COO) identification in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Specimens. The data show that this assay provides a highly precise, sensitive and rapid method for measuring COO on FFPE DLBCL tumor specimens, including both excisional and core needle biopsies. This assay is currently being used to select patients for a phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate lenalidomide plus R-CHOP versus placebo plus R-CHOP in patients who have newly diagnosed, previously untreated ABC-type DLBCL (Abstract #2933).

Data on outcomes by COO as determined via the investigational NanoString Lymphoma Subtyping Test on patients enrolled in a phase 2 study of lenalidomide combined with R-CHOP (R2CHOP) and an independent comparison cohort of patients treated with R-CHOP alone. The results show that R2CHOP demonstrates promising efficacy in ABC-type DLBCL as defined by the NanoString assay, where the addition of lenalidomide to R-CHOP appears to mitigate the negative prognostic impact of the ABC subtype in newly diagnosed DLBCL (Abstract #3035).

Results from an open-Label, randomized phase 3 study (GOYA) comparing the efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab plus CHOP (G-CHOP) with R-CHOP in patients with previously untreated DLBCL. A pre-specified secondary analysis of cell-of-origin by the investigational NanoString Lymphoma Subtyping Test showed a trend toward benefit from Gazyva in GCB-type DLBCL. (Abstract #470).

Data on the first analysis of an international double-blind randomized phase 3 Study (REMARC) of lenalidomide maintenance in elderly patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP in first line, which include cell-of-origin analysis assessed by the NanoString Lymphoma Subtyping Test (Abstract #471).
The 2016 ASH (Free ASH Whitepaper) abstracts describe research and clinical applications that underscore the diverse capabilities of the nCounter platform, which NanoString will showcase at booth #3651.

Abstract # Title Hyperlink
2933 Analytical Validation of the nCounter-based Lymphoma Subtyping Test (LST) for Cell-of-Origin (COO) Identification in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Specimens View Source
3035 Lenalidomide Combined with R-CHOP (R2CHOP) Overcomes Negative Prognostic Impact of ABC Molecular Subtype in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma View Source
470 Obinutuzumab or Rituximab Plus CHOP in Patients with Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Final Results from an Open-Label, Randomized Phase 3 Study (GOYA) View Source
471 First Analysis of an International Double-Blind Randomized Phase III Study of Lenalidomide Maintenance in Elderly Patients with DLBCL Treated with R-CHOP in First Line, the Remarc Study from Lysa View Source
474 Lenalidomide Maintenance Significantly Improves Survival Figures in Patients with Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (rDLBCL) Who Are Not Eligible for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT): Final Results of a Multicentre Phase II Trial View Source
152 Integrating Genomic Alterations in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Identifies New Relevant Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Targets View Source
2935 Whole-Exome Analysis Reveals Novel Somatic Genomic Alterations Associated with Cell of Origin in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma View Source
1107 Pembrolizumab in Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Primary End Point Analysis of the Phase 2 Keynote-087 Study View Source
619 Phase 1b Study of Pembrolizumab in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from the Ongoing Keynote-013 Trial View Source
918 A Novel Anti-Lymphoma Immune Evasion Mediated By the Interaction Between PD-1 Enriched NK-Cells and CD163+PD-L1+PD-L2+ Tumor Associated Macrophages, That Is More Prominent in Hodgkin Lymphoma Than Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma View Source
4576 Differential Expression of Immunity Related Genes and Early Prediction of Severe Graft Versus Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation View Source
1954 Transcriptional Characterization of Myelofibrotic Bone Marrow Microenvironment Reveals Distinct Tumor Microenvironment in JAK2+ and Calr+ PMF Marrows View Source
1664 Microvesicles microRNAs Reflect and Affect Progression of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Could Serve As a Biomarker of Disease Dynamics View Source
3285 Integrative Network Analysis of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Identifies a Novel RNA-Seq Based High Risk gene Signature View Source

Dynavax to Present Clinical Data from Immuno-oncology Product Candidate, SD-101

On November 30, 2016 Dynavax Technologies Corporation (NASDAQ: DVAX) reported that it will present clinical data from a Phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating its immuno-oncology product, SD-101, in patients with low-grade, B cell lymphoma (Press release, Dynavax Technologies, NOV 30, 2016, View Source [SID1234516841]). The poster presentation will be made at the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) (Free ASH Whitepaper) Annual Meeting and Exposition.

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Abstract Name: SD-101, a Novel Class C CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonist, Given with Low Dose Radiation for Untreated Low Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: Interim Results of a Phase 1/2 Trial
Abstract Number: 2974
Date and Time: Sunday, December 4, 2016 from 6:00 p.m. EST to 8:00 p.m. EST
Session Name: 623. Mantle Cell, Follicular and Other Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma – Clinical Studies: Poster II
Location: San Diego Convention Center, Hall GH
Note: Abstract will also be published online on December 1, 2016, in the supplemental volume of the journal Blood
About SD-101

SD-101 is Dynavax’s proprietary, second-generation, Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG-C class oligodeoxynucleotide. SD-101 activates multiple anti-tumor activities of innate immune cells and activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells to stimulate T cells specific for antigens released from dying tumor cells. TLR9 agonists such as SD-101 enhance T and B cell responses and provide potent Type 1 interferon induction and maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to antigen-presenting cells. SD-101 is being evaluated in several Phase 1/2 oncology studies to assess its safety and activity.

For information about SD-101 trials that are currently recruiting patients, please visit www.clinicaltrials.gov.

EISAI TO PRESENT LATEST DATA ON ERIBULIN AT 39TH ANNUAL SAN ANTONIO BREAST CANCER SYMPOSIUM

On November 30, 2016 Eisai Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Tokyo, CEO: Haruo Naito, "Eisai") reported that a series of abstracts highlighting the latest clinical data on its in-house developed halichondrin class microtubule dynamics inhibitor eribulin mesylate (product name: Halaven, "eribulin") will be presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS2016) taking place in San Antonio, the United States, from December 6 to 10 (Press release, Eisai, NOV 30, 2016, View Source [SID1234516843]).

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Three abstract poster presentations (including outcome research data) are to be given at the meeting, with the main presentation featuring the results of an interim analysis of a Phase Ib/II trial (Study 218) of eribulin in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Eisai positions oncology as a key franchise area and is aiming to discover revolutionary new medicines with the potential to cure cancer. The company will continue to create innovation in the development of new drugs based on cutting-edge cancer research, and in doing so seeks to make further contributions to address the diversified needs of, and to increase the benefits provided to, patients and their families as well as to healthcare providers.

Major Eisai abstracts accepted for presentation at SABCS2016 include:
Product Abstract title and scheduled presentation date and time (local time)
Eribulin

Abstract P5-15-02 Phase Ib/II study to evaluate eribulin mesylate in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Poster Presentation | December 9 (Fri), 17:00-19:00
Eribulin

Abstract No: OT2-02-02 A randomized, open-label, multicenter, Phase Ib/II study of eribulin mesylate in combination with PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) versus eribulin mesylate alone in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, high-hyaluronan metastatic breast cancer
Poster Presentation | December 8 (Thu), 17:00-19:00
Eribulin

Abstract No: P5-15-16 Utilization and outcomes of eribulin in triple-negative metastatic breast cancer:
real-world findings
Poster Presentation | December 9 (Fri), 17:00-19:00

New KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Data to be Presented at 17th World Conference on Lung Cancer Highlight Research Across the Spectrum of Thoracic Malignancies

On November 30, 2016 Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, reported that new data investigating the use of KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), the company’s anti-PD-1 therapy, across multiple thoracic malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma, will be presented at the 17th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) hosted by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer in Vienna, Austria, Dec. 4-7 (Messe Wien Exhibition & Congress Center) (Press release, Merck & Co, NOV 30, 2016, View Source [SID1234516845]). An abstract evaluating quality of life outcomes in first-line NSCLC from KEYNOTE-024 (Abstract #PL04a.01) will be included in the official WCLC press program on Wednesday, Dec. 7.

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"Based on the meaningful results already obtained in studies evaluating the use of KEYTRUDA in certain patients with PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung cancer, we have asked whether similar benefits might be associated with KEYTRUDA use in treating other intrathoracic malignancies, including small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma," said Dr. Roger M. Perlmutter, president, Merck Research Laboratories. "We look forward to sharing our recent findings with the scientific community as we seek to help patients facing these difficult diseases."

The KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) clinical development program includes more than 30 tumor types in more than 360 clinical trials, including over 200 trials that combine KEYTRUDA with other cancer treatments. Merck has an extensive research program in NSCLC and is currently advancing multiple registration-enabling studies with KEYTRUDA as monotherapy and in combination.

A select list of KEYTRUDA data to be featured in oral presentations includes:

(Abstract #PL04a.01) Health-Related Quality of Life for Pembrolizumab vs Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS ≥50%: Data from KEYNOTE-024. J. Brahmer. Wednesday, Dec. 7, 8:45 a.m. CET (session: 8:45-9:40 a.m. CET). Location: Hall D (Plenary Hall). WCLC Press Program, Wednesday, Dec. 7, 10:30-11:45 a.m. CET. Location: Schubert 1.
(Abstract #OA13.03) Long-Term Overall Survival for Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma on Pembrolizumab Enrolled in KEYNOTE-028. E. Alley. Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2:40 p.m. CET (session: 2:20-3:50 p.m. CET). Location: Stolz 1.
(Abstract #OA03.07) KEYNOTE-010: Durable Clinical Benefit in Patients with Previously Treated, PD-L1-Expressing NSCLC Who Completed Pembrolizumab. R. Herbst. Monday, Dec. 5, 12:05 p.m. CET (session: 11 a.m.-12:30 p.m. CET). Location: Hall C8.
(Abstract #OA05.01) Pembrolizumab in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Survival Results from KEYNOTE-028. P. Ott. Monday, Dec. 5, 2:20 p.m. CET (session: 2:20-3:50 p.m. CET). Location: Strauss 2.
(Abstract #MA09.02) Pembrolizumab + Carboplatin and Pemetrexed as 1st-Line Therapy for Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: KEYNOTE-021 Cohort G. C. Langer. Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2:26 p.m. CET (session: 2:20-3:50 p.m. CET). Location: Strauss 2.
(Abstract #MA09.11) Efficacy and Safety of Necitumumab and Pembrolizumab Combination Therapy in Stage IV Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). B. Besse. Tuesday, Dec. 6, 3:32 p.m. CET (session: 2:20-3:50 p.m. CET). Location: Strauss 2.
(Abstract #MA14.10) Relative Impact of Disease Management Costs in the Economics of Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated PD-L1 Positive Advanced NSCLC. T. Burke. Tuesday, Dec. 6, 5:06 p.m. CET (session: 4-5:30 p.m. CET). Location: Strauss 2.
Additional meeting information and full abstracts are available on the WCLC meeting website.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab)

KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that works by increasing the ability of the body’s immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

KEYTRUDA is administered as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every three weeks for the approved indications. KEYTRUDA for injection is supplied in a 100 mg single use vial.

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications and Dosing

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma at a dose of 2 mg/kg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

In metastatic NSCLC, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Head and Neck Cancer

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. In HNSCC, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab)

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 94 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%) pneumonitis, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (6.9%) compared to those without (2.9%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 48 (1.7%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) colitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 19 (0.7%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%) hepatitis. Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA can cause hypophysitis. Hypophysitis occurred in 17 (0.6%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%) hypophysitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency). Administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; withhold or discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 hypophysitis.

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) can cause thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 96 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%) hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism occurred in 237 (8.5%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in patients with HNSCC occurring in 28 (15%) of 192 patients with HNSCC, including Grade 3 (0.5%) hypothyroidism. Thyroiditis occurred in 16 (0.6%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.3%) thyroiditis. Monitor patients for changes in thyroid function (at the start of treatment, periodically during treatment, and as indicated based on clinical evaluation) and for clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders. Administer replacement hormones for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism.

KEYTRUDA can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, which have been reported in 6 (0.2%) of 2799 patients. Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 9 (0.3%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

KEYTRUDA can cause other clinically important immune-mediated adverse reactions. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), exfoliative dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, rash (1.4%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, and partial seizures arising in a patient with inflammatory foci in brain parenchyma.

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, which have been reported in 6 (0.2%) of 2799 patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions, including rigors, chills, wheezing, pruritus, flushing, rash, hypotension, hypoxemia, and fever. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose of KEYTRUDA.

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 21% of patients; the most common (≥1%) was diarrhea (2.5%). The most common adverse reactions with KEYTRUDA vs ipilimumab were fatigue (28% vs 28%), diarrhea (26% with KEYTRUDA), rash (24% vs 23%), and nausea (21% with KEYTRUDA). Corresponding incidence rates are listed for ipilimumab only for those adverse reactions that occurred at the same or lower rate than with KEYTRUDA.

In KEYNOTE-002, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 12% of 357 patients with advanced melanoma; the most common (≥1%) were general physical health deterioration (1%), asthenia (1%), dyspnea (1%), pneumonitis (1%), and generalized edema (1%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 14% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were dyspnea (1%), diarrhea (1%), and maculopapular rash (1%). The most common adverse reactions with KEYTRUDA vs chemotherapy were fatigue (43% with KEYTRUDA), pruritus (28% vs 8%), rash (24% vs 8%), constipation (22% vs 20%), nausea (22% with KEYTRUDA), diarrhea (20% vs 20%), and decreased appetite (20% with KEYTRUDA). Corresponding incidence rates are listed for chemotherapy only for those adverse reactions that occurred at the same or lower rate than with KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC. The most common adverse event resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) was pneumonitis (1.8%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 23% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were diarrhea (1%), fatigue (1.3%), pneumonia (1%), liver enzyme elevation (1.2%), decreased appetite (1.3%), and pneumonitis (1%). The most common adverse reactions (occurring in at least 20% of patients and at a higher incidence than with docetaxel) were decreased appetite (25% vs 23%), dyspnea (23% vs 20%), and nausea (20% vs 18%).

KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (reported in at least 20% of patients) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema (10% all Grades; 2.1% Grades 3 or 4) and new or worsening hypothyroidism.

It is not known whether KEYTRUDA is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, instruct women to discontinue nursing during treatment with KEYTRUDA and for 4 months after the final dose.

Safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA have not been established in pediatric patients.

Our Focus on Cancer

Our goal is to translate breakthrough science into innovative oncology medicines to help people with cancer worldwide. At Merck, helping people fight cancer is our passion and supporting accessibility to our cancer medicines is our commitment. Our focus is on pursuing research in immuno-oncology and we are accelerating every step in the journey – from lab to clinic – to potentially bring new hope to people with cancer.

As part of our focus on cancer, Merck is committed to exploring the potential of immuno-oncology with one of the fastest-growing development programs in the industry. We are currently executing an expansive research program that includes more than 360 clinical trials evaluating our anti-PD-1 therapy across more than 30 tumor types. We also continue to strengthen our immuno-oncology portfolio through strategic acquisitions and are prioritizing the development of several promising immunotherapeutic candidates with the potential to improve the treatment of advanced cancers.

For more information about our oncology clinical trials, visit www.merck.com/clinicaltrials.