On Jan 7, 2016 Medivation, Inc. (NASDAQ: MDVN) and NanoString Technologies, Inc., (NASDAQ: NSTG) reported they have entered into a collaboration, together with Astellas Pharma Inc., to pursue the translation of a novel gene expression signature algorithm from Medivation into a companion diagnostic assay using NanoString’s nCounter Dx Analysis System (Press release, NanoString Technologies, JAN 7, 2016, View Source [SID:1234508686]). Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, NanoString will be responsible for developing and validating the diagnostic test and, if the parties thereafter determine to proceed, NanoString would also be responsible for seeking regulatory approval for and commercializing the diagnostic test. NanoString is eligible to receive up to $22 million for technology access, near-term milestones and development funding, in addition to other potential undisclosed downstream payments.

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Under the Collaboration Agreement, NanoString will modify its PAM50-based Prosigna Breast Cancer Assay for potential use as a companion diagnostic test for enzalutamide for triple negative breast cancer. The modified test will be based upon data from a Phase 2 trial conducted by Medivation and Astellas that evaluated enzalutamide in patients with triple negative breast cancer.

"We are excited about the partnership with NanoString given their expertise in diagnostic development and that the Prosigna assay has regulatory clearance in the U.S. and European Union," said Amy Peterson, M.D., vice president, clinical development at Medivation. "Triple negative breast cancer has no recognized target and standard therapy is therefore cytotoxic chemotherapy. This diagnostic has the potential to identify patients with triple negative breast cancer appropriate for treatment with enzalutamide. We look forward to generating additional clinical data that validates this potential in a severely underserved patient population."

"We’re excited to work with Medivation and Astellas to translate their discoveries and Phase 2 findings into a potential label expansion for enzalutamide with a companion diagnostic," said Brad Gray, president and chief executive officer of NanoString Technologies. "We’re also pleased to have the opportunity to leverage our PAM50-based Prosigna breast cancer franchise, potentially expanding its role in informing breast cancer treatment decisions and enhancing the description of the intrinsic biology of breast cancer to aid in therapeutic treatment decisions. Furthermore, we believe this collaboration will provide additional validation of our nCounter Dx Analysis System as the platform-of-choice for development of multiplexed companion diagnostic assays."

XTANDI (enzalutamide) capsules is currently approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; it is not approved for use in women and is contraindicated in women who may become pregnant. Enzalutamide is not approved for women with advanced triple negative breast cancer. See Important Safety Information below.

About the Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay
The Prosigna Assay provides a risk category and numerical score for assessment of the risk of distant recurrence of disease at 10 years in postmenopausal women with node-negative (Stage I or II) or node-positive (Stage II), hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Based on the PAM50 gene signature initially discovered by Charles Perou, Ph.D. and colleagues, the Prosigna Assay is an in vitro diagnostic tool that utilizes gene expression data weighted together with clinical variables to generate a risk category and numerical score to assess a patient’s risk of distant recurrence of disease. The Prosigna Assay measures gene expression levels of RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tumor tissue previously diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma. The Prosigna Assay requires minimal hands-on time and runs on NanoString’s proprietary nCounter Dx Analysis System, which offers a reproducible and cost-effective way to profile many genes simultaneously with high sensitivity and precision.

In the United States, the Prosigna Assay has 510K clearance and is available for diagnostic use when ordered by a physician. The Prosigna Assay has been CE-marked and is available for use by healthcare professionals in the European Union and other countries that recognize the CE Mark, as well as Canada, Israel, Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong.

In the U.S., the Prosigna Assay is indicated in female breast cancer patients who have undergone surgery in conjunction with locoregional treatment consistent with standard of care, either as: (1) a prognostic indicator for distant recurrence-free survival at 10 years in postmenopausal women with Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), lymph node-negative, Stage I or II breast cancer to be treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, when used in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors or (2) a prognostic indicator for distant recurrence-free survival at 10 years in postmenopausal women with Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), lymph node-positive (1-3 nodes), Stage II breast cancer to be treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, when used in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors. The device is not intended for patients with four or more positive nodes. For more information, please visit www.prosigna.com.

On January 07, 2016 Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:PGNX) reported that it has begun enrollment in its pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial evaluating 1404, a small molecule being developed as an imaging agent for prostate cancer (Press release, Progenics Pharmaceuticals, JAN 7, 2016, View Source [SID:1234508687]). 1404 targets prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is abundantly expressed on prostate cancer cells.

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This Phase 3 clinical trial is expected to enroll approximately 450 patients with newly diagnosed low-grade prostate cancer who are candidates for active surveillance, but nonetheless are planning to undergo radical prostatectomy. This multi-center, open-label trial will evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 1404 in correctly identifying whether or not patients have clinically significant prostate cancer (generally, Gleason score >3+4). In this trial, patients will be imaged prior to their scheduled radical prostatectomy. The truth standard in establishing the sensitivity and specificity of 1404 will be the histopathologist’s grading of the prostate tissue removed in the prostatectomy, which will be compared to the 1404 image assessments. An interim analysis of the study will be performed after approximately one-third of the subjects have been enrolled to assess futility and evaluate the need for a sample size re-estimation.

"An imaging agent like 1404, which may discriminate clinically significant prostate cancer from indolent disease, would provide a useful tool for disease management and treatment, as well as further supporting the use of active surveillance," said William J. Ellis M.D., Professor, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine and Lead Investigator for the Phase 3 Study. "The goal of active surveillance is to monitor low-grade disease and avoid the risks and complications associated with unnecessary surgical or therapeutic treatments; however, biopsies and other measures currently used to monitor disease progression have their own limitations and risks, curtailing the broader use of active surveillance."

"Commencing this Phase 3 study represents a significant step forward in the clinical development of 1404 and our efforts to bring forward a portfolio of PSMA-targeted imaging agents to help detect and monitor prostate cancer," stated Mark Baker, CEO of Progenics. "We look forward to the timely completion of this trial as we advance 1404 for the detection of clinically significant disease in prostate cancer patients who are candidates for active surveillance."

About 1404, an Imaging Compound Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen

Progenics’ molecular imaging radiopharmaceutical product candidate 1404 targets the extracellular domain of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein amplified on the surface of > 95% of prostate cancer cells and a validated target for the detection of primary and metastatic prostate cancer. 1404 is labeled with Technetium-99m, a gamma-emitting isotope that is widely available, is easy to prepare, and is attractive for nuclear medicine imaging applications. The image created provides the opportunity to visualize cancer, potentially allowing for improved detection and staging, more precise biopsies, and a targeted treatment plan including active surveillance as a disease management tool.

About Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer affecting men in the United States: an estimated one in seven men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime. The American Cancer Society estimates that each year approximately 220,800 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and about 27,540 men will die of the disease. Approximately 2.9 million men in the U.S. currently count themselves among prostate cancer survivors.

On January 7, 2016 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA) and Checkpoint Therapeutics, Inc. ("Checkpoint"), a Fortress Biotech (NASDAQ: FBIO) Company reported a license agreement in which Checkpoint will obtain the exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize CEP-8983 and its small molecule prodrug, CEP-9722, an oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in early clinical development for solid tumors (Press release, Teva, JAN 7, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2127237 [SID:1234508689]). CEP-9722 is a novel, orally active, small molecule selective inhibitor of PARP-1 and PARP-2 enzymes that will be developed by Checkpoint as both a monotherapy and in combination with other anti-cancer agents, including Checkpoint’s novel immuno-oncology and checkpoint inhibitor antibodies currently in development.

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"Teva is committed to facilitating the development of its early clinical stage oncology programs, which hold promise for the oncology community, by identifying targeted opportunities with companies who have unique R&D capabilities in this therapeutic area," said Michael Hayden, MD, PhD, President of Global R&D and Chief Scientific Officer at Teva. "We believe Checkpoint’s development capabilities, in combination with its immuno-oncology antibodies already under development, will enable these molecules to move forward with future potential for patients."

James F. Oliviero, III, President and CEO of Checkpoint Therapeutics stated, "The acquisition of worldwide rights to CEP-9722 immediately transforms Checkpoint Therapeutics into a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, expanding our proprietary portfolio with an exciting targeted therapy that, when combined with our immuno-oncology antibodies under development, can potentially create wholly-owned proprietary combinations that leverage the immune system and other complimentary mechanisms with the goal of providing significant benefit to patients. PARP inhibitors have been associated with promising activity across multiple tumor types, including breast, ovarian and prostate cancer." Mr. Oliviero, continued, "We appreciate Teva’s belief in our organization and our development strategy for this drug candidate in multiple strategic indications."

About PARP
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes are involved in normal cellular homeostasis, such as DNA transcription, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. DNA repair enzymes such as PARP, whose activity and expression are up-regulated in tumor cells, are believed to contribute to resistance and dampen the effects of chemotherapy and radiation. By inhibiting PARP, certain cancer cells may be rendered unable to repair single strand DNA breaks, which in turn causes double strand DNA breaks and can lead to cancer cell death. Across multiple tumor types, including breast, ovarian and prostate cancer, PARP inhibitors have shown promising activity as a monotherapy against tumors with existing DNA repair defects, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, and as a combination therapy when administered together with anti-cancer agents that induce DNA damage.

About Checkpoint Therapeutics
Checkpoint Therapeutics, Inc. ("Checkpoint"), a Fortress Biotech Company, is an innovative, immuno-oncology biopharmaceutical company focused on the acquisition, development and commercialization of novel, non-chemotherapy, immune-enhanced combination treatments for patients with solid tumor cancers. Checkpoint aims to acquire rights to these technologies by licensing the rights or otherwise acquiring an ownership interest in the technologies, funding their research and development and eventually either out-licensing or bringing the technologies to market. Currently, Checkpoint is developing a portfolio of fully human immuno-oncology targeted antibodies generated in the laboratory of Dr. Wayne Marasco, MD, PhD, a professor in the Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The portfolio of antibodies Checkpoint licensed from Dana-Farber includes antibodies targeting Programmed death-ligand 1 ("PD-L1"), Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR related protein ("GITR") and carbonic anhydrase IX ("CAIX"). Checkpoint plans to develop these novel immune-oncology and checkpoint inhibitor antibodies on their own and in combination with each other, as data suggests that combinations of these targets may work synergistically together. Checkpoint has also licensed a small molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor ("EGFR") mutations from NeuPharma, Inc. Clinical trials are expected to start in the first half of 2016 for the EGFR inhibitor and the second half of 2016 for one or more of the Dana-Farber antibodies. Additionally, Checkpoint will seek to add additional immuno-oncology drugs as well as other targeted therapies to create wholly-owned proprietary combinations that leverage the immune system and other complimentary mechanisms. Checkpoint is headquartered in New York City. For more information, visit www.checkpointtx.com.

On January 7, 2016 Tokai Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: TKAI) reported an update on its clinical development program evaluating galeterone in the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) (Press release, Tokai Pharmaceuticals, JAN 7, 2016, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2127152 [SID:1234508690]).

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ARMOR3-SV Update
Tokai is enrolling patients in its ARMOR3-SV study, a Phase 3 registration clinical trial of galeterone in AR-V7+ mCRPC. The company now expects to complete enrollment in this trial during the second half of 2016 and to have top-line data available by mid-2017. This change in guidance reflects the timing for implementation of the AR-V7 clinical trial assay as well as a delay in initiating clinical sites in Western Europe and Australia during the fourth quarter of 2015. The AR-V7 assay has now been implemented in all regions. Patients are being screened at more than 85 clinical sites globally, and the number of clinical sites is expected to exceed 100 by the end of the first quarter. Notably, AR-V7 prevalence observed in ARMOR3-SV to date has been consistent with the company’s expectations and is in line with the published literature.

"With our rapidly growing number of open ARMOR3-SV clinical sites globally and the implementation of new recruitment initiatives, we believe in our ability to recruit to our revised guidance," said Jodie Morrison, President and Chief Executive Officer of Tokai. "Interest in AR-V7 as a marker for resistance to other therapies continues to increase throughout the prostate cancer community, and we remain focused on our goal of completing ARMOR3-SV as rapidly as possible."

2016 Galeterone Expansion Plans
With the ARMOR3-SV trial building momentum, Tokai now plans to expand galeterone development into broader mCRPC populations, including the initiation of two additional studies during the first half of 2016 in patients who have shown resistance following treatment with either abiraterone or enzalutamide.

The first of these studies is an open-label, two-part Phase 2 clinical trial designed to evaluate galeterone in men whose mCRPC rapidly progressed following treatment with either abiraterone or enzalutamide. The first part of the study will evaluate the rates of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline in approximately 36 patients. Following completion of the first part of the study, Tokai may then expand the study to a second, randomized phase that will compare galeterone to the next alternate androgen signaling inhibitor, with efficacy endpoints to include time to PSA progression and rPFS. Tokai plans to evaluate all patients enrolled in this open-label study for the presence of AR-V7, but AR-V7+ status is not a criterion for inclusion in the trial.

The second study is an expansion of an arm of the ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial of galeterone (ARMOR2) in mCRPC patients who have progressed following an initial response to enzalutamide. The expansion of the cohort from nine to 30 patients follows a compelling response seen in a post-enzalutamide patient. This patient did not initially show a PSA response until after seven months of galeterone treatment, at which time the patient’s PSA level rapidly dropped by over 90 percent and has remained at less than 0.1µg/L for over a year. This expanded post-enzalutamide cohort will assess reduction in PSA levels and safety.

About ARMOR3-SV
ARMOR3-SV is Tokai’s pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial of galeterone in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) whose tumor cells express the AR-V7 splice variant, a truncated form of the androgen receptor that has been associated with non-responsiveness to commonly-used oral therapies for mCRPC. ARMOR3-SV is designed to evaluate whether administration of galeterone results in a statistically significant increase in radiographic progression free survival as compared to Xtandi (enzalutamide) in 148 treatment-naive mCRPC patients whose prostate tumor cells express the AR-V7 splice variant. ARMOR3-SV is the first pivotal trial in prostate cancer to employ a precision medicine approach for patient selection. Top-line results from ARMOR3-SV are anticipated by mid-2017.

On January 7, 2016 CANbridge Life Sciences reported that it has completed a biomarker study in Chinese patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for expression of CD95 ligand, the target of its first candidate for clinical development, CAN008, also known as APG101 (Press release, CANbridge Life Sciences, JAN 7, 2016, View Source [SID:1234510067]). The study demonstrated a high degree of CD95 ligand expression consistency between geographically-diverse Chinese and Western GBM patients. CAN008 is a fully-human fusion protein that inhibits the CD95 ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. By blocking the CD95 ligand, CAN008 restores the immune response against tumors and inhibits invasive tumor cell growth.

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Based on this confirmatory biomarker study, CANbridge plans to initiate a CAN008 Phase I/II study in newly-diagnosed GBM in Taiwan and expects to dose the first patient in the second half of 2016. In other news, CANbridge announced that it has expanded the licensed territories from Germany’s Apogenix (www.apogenix.com), which is developing APG101 in all other territories, to include Taiwan. In July, CANbridge entered into an exclusive license agreement with Apogenix to develop, manufacture and commercialize APG101 in GBM, with options for other indications, in China, Hong Kong and Macao. Both companies are privately-held.

"The study showing the correlation between Western and Chinese biomarker expression validates our belief that CAN008 is a strong candidate for glioblastoma treatment development in Taiwan and other Chinese territories," said Mark Goldberg, MD, CANbridge Chief Medical Officer and practicing hematologist and oncologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute. "In a Phase II study conducted in Europe, CAN008 showed an improved overall survival benefit in patients with relapsed glioblastoma, especially among patients who expressed the CD95 ligand."

"The results from the biomarker study pave the way for us to advance to our first clinical trial in Asia, executing on our mission to bring promising Western drug candidates to underserved Chinese markets," said James Xue, CANbridge Chairman and CEO. "Brain cancer mortality rates are among the ten highest cancer death rates in China, where the treatment options are even more limited than in the West. We look forward to initiating one of the first immuno-oncology clinical treatment programs in China for this deadly cancer.