Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Sunitinib by Dosing Schedule in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma or Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.

Sunitinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant/intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
A meta-analysis of 10 prospective clinical studies in advanced RCC and GIST was performed to support the development of pharmacokinetic (PK) and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) models that account for the effects of important covariates. These models were used to make predictions with respect to the PK, safety, and efficacy of sunitinib when administered on the traditional 4-weeks-on/2-weeks-off schedule (Schedule 4/2) versus an alternative schedule of 2 weeks on/1 week off (Schedule 2/1).
The covariates found to have a significant effect on one or more of the PK or PD parameter studies included, age, sex, body weight, race, baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor type, and dosing schedule. The models predicted that, in both RCC and GIST patients, Schedule 2/1 would have comparable efficacy to Schedule 4/2, despite some differences in PK profiles. The models also predicted that, in both indications, sunitinib-related thrombocytopenia would be less severe when sunitinib was administered on Schedule 2/1 dosing compared with Schedule 4/2.
These findings support the use of sunitinib on Schedule 2/1 as a potential alternative to Schedule 4/2 because it allows for the management of toxicity without loss of efficacy.

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Intravenous Busulfan-Based Myeloablative Conditioning Regimens Prior to Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies.

Busulfan (Bu)-containing regimens are commonly used in myeloablative regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Yet, there is considerable variability on how Bu is administered related to frequency (four times a day, Q6 or daily, Q24) and the combination with other chemotherapeutic agents (cyclophosphamide, Cy or fludarabine, Flu). A prospective cohort study of recipients of Bu-based conditioning according to contemporary practices was used to compare different approaches in using Bu (BuCy Q6 N=495; BuFlu Q24 N=331; BuCy Q24 N=96; BuFlu Q6 N=91) in patients with myeloid malignancies from 2009 to 2011. BuFlu Q24 recipients were more likely to be older and tended to have worse performance status and higher comorbid burden. The cumulative incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (p=0.4), idiopathic pneumonia (p=0.5) and seizures (p=0.5) did not differ across groups. One-year HCT related mortality ranged from 12% to 16% (P=0.8), three-year relapse incidences ranged from 32% to 36% (p=0.8) and three-year overall survival ranged from 51% to 58% (p=0.2) across groups. This study demonstrates that the use of intravenous Bu Q6 or Q24 or accompanied by Cy or Flu have similar outcomes in the myeloablative setting for treatment of myeloid malignancies.
Copyright © 2016 The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Preclinical validation of a novel compound targeting p70S6 kinase in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a frequent and treatable disease. However, when recurrent, breast cancer often becomes refractory to therapy and progresses into metastatic forms that are typically incurable. Thus, understanding and targeting the critical pathways underlying breast cancer recurrence is urgently needed to eradicate primary disease and achieve better prognosis. Recently, we have demonstrated that the ribosomal protein p70S6K is activated in residual breast cancer cells as a result of post-surgical inflammation and that interfering with its activity in the peri-operative setting strongly suppresses recurrence in a mouse model. In order to develop clinically-exploitable treatments targeting p70S6K, we have tested a newly generated compound, called FS-115. FS-115 potently inhibited p70S6K1 (IC50 35nM) with high selectivity over other AGC kinases or PI3K pathway kinases. In vitro, treatment with FS-115 efficiently blocked p70S6K activity in breast cancer cell lines and impaired colony formation and anchorage independent growth. Pharmacokinetic profiling showed that FS-115 exhibited high oral bioavailability, optimal plasma distribution and high brain penetrance. In nude mice, FS-115 strongly suppressed tumor take-rate and primary tumor growth. Oral dosing with FS-115 in a peri-operative schedule was effective in decreasing local recurrence of breast cancer and a long-term treatment schedule was well tolerated and efficiently suppressed distant metastasis formation. Altogether, we propose that FS-115 might be a good candidate for the treatment of breast cancer patients at high risk to relapse.
Our results confirm that inhibition of p70S6K represents a valuable opportunity for restraining loco-regional relapse and metastasis in breast cancer and identify in FS-115 a promising candidate-inhibitor to move from preclinical to clinical treatments.

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Response assessment in lymphoma: Concordance between independent central review and local evaluation in a clinical trial setting.

Independent central review of clinical imaging remains the standard for oncology clinical trials with registration potential. A limited independent central review strategy has been proposed for solid tumor trials based on concordance between central and local evaluation of response. Concordance between independent central review and local evaluation of response in hematological malignancies is not known.
We retrospectively evaluated concordance between prospectively performed central and local assessments of response using the Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma across two international, open-label, single-arm, registration studies of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (N = 102) or systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (N = 58).
Overall objective response rates were similar between assessors for both the trial in Hodgkin lymphoma (75% independent central review, 72% local evaluation) and the trial in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (86% independent central review, 83% local evaluation). Patient-specific objective response concordance was also substantial (Hodgkin lymphoma: kappa = 0.68; anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: kappa = 0.74). Median progression-free survival was similar between assessors for patients with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (14.3 months by independent central review (95% confidence interval: 6.9, -); 14.5 months by local evaluation (95% confidence interval: 9.4, -)), but longer by local evaluation in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (5.8 months by independent central review (95% confidence interval: 5.0, 9.0); 9.0 months by local evaluation (95% confidence interval: 7.1, 12.0)). Median duration of response was longer by local evaluation in both malignancies, which was primarily attributable to earlier computed tomography and positron emission tomography-based scoring of progression by independent central review.
A limited independent review audit strategy for clinical trials of some lymphomas appears feasible and practical based on substantial concordance in assessments of overall objective response by central and local evaluation in two international, prospective, registration trials in lymphoma. Some variability between assessors in the time-to-event endpoints was observed, which appeared attributable to earlier assignments of progression by independent central review compared with local evaluation.
© The Author(s) 2016.

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6-K – Report of foreign issuer [Rules 13a-16 and 15d-16]

On May 6, 2016 Oncolytics Biotech Inc. (TSX: ONC) (OTCQX: ONCYF) (FRA: ONY) ("Oncolytics" or the "Company") reported its financial results and operational highlights for the first quarter ended March 31, 2016 (Filing, Q1, Oncolytics Biotech, 2016, MAY 6, 2016, View Source [SID:1234512055]).

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"We recently reported data from two sponsored, randomized Phase 2 studies, highlighting reduced tumor burden in ovarian cancer and improved longer term survival in pancreatic cancer," said Dr. Brad Thompson. "The data from these studies will be very useful in identifying potential indications and study designs that we could advance into later stage studies in the future."

Selected Highlights

Since January 1, 2016, selected highlights announced by the Company include:

Clinical Program

· Treatment of the first patients in a Phase Ib study of pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA) in combination with REOLYSIN and chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the Company’s first trial examining REOLYSIN in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor;
· Updated results from a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial of its lead product, REOLYSIN, in combination with paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer (GOG-0186H), where an intent-to-treat analysis, as assessed by CA-125 antigen levels, showed statistically significantly reduction in tumor burden;
· Updated results from a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial of its lead product, REOLYSIN, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic cancer (NCI-8601), where an intent-to-treat analysis of overall survival on patients with confirmed treatment regimes, as assessed by the percentage of patients surviving for two years, showed a statistically significantly higher percentage of patients surviving two years in the test arm versus the control arm (p = 0.001), the crossover arm versus the control arm (p = 0.03) and the test plus crossover arms versus the control arm (p = 0.0004);
Basic Research

· Two poster presentations covering preclinical work in multiple myeloma and colorectal cancer being made by the Company’s research collaborators at the 2016 American Association of Cancer Research annual meeting;
Financial

· Entry into an "at-the-market" equity distribution agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. permitting Oncolytics at its sole discretion, from time to time and until March 16, 2018, to sell common shares having an aggregate offering value of up to $4.6 million; and
· At March 31, 2016 the Company reported $22.3 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. At May 5, 2016, the Company had approximately $21.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, which is expected to provide sufficient funds to support several small early-stage immunotherapy combination studies as well as both a run-in and a registration study in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.
INTERM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As at March 31,
2016
$ December 31,
2015
$
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 20,233,408 24,016,275
Short-term investments 2,088,800 2,060,977
Accounts receivable 59,648 340,059
Prepaid expenses 229,288 506,669
Total current assets 22,611,144 26,923,980

Non-current assets
Property and equipment 411,762 459,818
Total non-current assets 411,762 459,818

Total assets 23,022,906 27,383,798

Liabilities And Shareholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 2,554,338 2,709,492
Total current liabilities 2,554,338 2,709,492

Shareholders’ equity
Share capital
Authorized: unlimited
Issued:
March 31, 2016 – 118,697,122
December 31, 2015 – 118,151,622 261,224,148 261,324,692
Contributed surplus 26,359,606 26,277,966
Accumulated other comprehensive income 590,919 760,978
Accumulated deficit (267,706,105) (263,689,330)
Total shareholders’ equity 20,468,568 24,674,306
Total liabilities and equity 23,022,906 27,383,798

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

2016 2015
For the three month period ending March 31 $ $
Expenses
Research and development 2,726,129 2,425,539
Operating 1,360,412 1,182,734
Operating loss (4,086,541) (3,608,273)
Interest 69,621 56,435
Loss before income taxes (4,016,920) (3,551,838)
Income tax expense 145 —
Net loss (4,016,775) (3,551,838)
Other comprehensive income items that may be
reclassified to net loss
Translation adjustment (170,059) 225,591

Net comprehensive loss (4,186,834) (3,326,247)
Basic and diluted loss per common share (0.03) (0.04)

Weighted average number of shares (basic and diluted) 118,199,985 99,557,654

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY


Share Capital
$

Contributed
Surplus
$

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
$

Accumulated
Deficit
$

Total
$

As at December 31, 2014 237,657,056 25,848,429 280,043 (249,966,335) 13,819,193

Net loss and comprehensive income — — 225,591 (3,551,838) (3,326,247)
Issued, pursuant to Share Purchase
Agreement 1,925,596 — — — 1,925,596
Issued, pursuant to "At the Market"
Agreement 14,636,918 — — — 14,636,918
Share based compensation — 114,970 — — 114,970
As at March 31, 2015 254,219,570 25,963,399 505,634 (253,518,173) 27,170,430

Share Capital
$

Contributed
Surplus
$

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
$

Accumulated
Deficit
$

Total
$

As at December 31, 2015 261,324,692 26,277,966 760,978 (263,689,330) 24,674,306

Net loss and comprehensive income — — (170,059) (4,016,775) (4,186,834)
Issued, pursuant to Share Purchase
Agreement
— — — — —
Issued, pursuant to "At the Market"
Agreement (100,544) — — — (100,544)
Share based compensation — 81,640 — — 81,640
As at March 31, 2016 261,224,148 26,359,606 590,919 (267,706,105) 20,468,568

ONCOLYTICS BIOTECH INC.
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

2016 2015
For the three month period ending March 31 $ $

Operating Activities
Net loss for the period (4,016,775) (3,551,838)
Amortization – property and equipment 45,942 45,130
Share based compensation 81,640 114,970
Impact of unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses 141,295 (305,156)
Net change in non-cash working capital 724,655 949,705
Cash used in operating activities (3,023,243) (2,747,189)

Investing Activities
Acquisition of property and equipment — (11,940)
Purchase of short-term investments (27,823) (29,292)
Cash used in investing activities (27,823) (41,232)

Financing Activities
Proceeds from Share Purchase Agreement — 1,925,596
Proceeds from "At the Market" equity distribution agreement (100,544) 14,636,918
Cash provided by financing activities (100,544) 16,562,514
(Decrease) increase in cash (3,151,610) 13,774,093
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 24,016,275 14,152,825
Impact of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents (631,257) 651,105
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 20,233,408 28,578,023

To view the Company’s Fiscal 2016 First Quarter Consolidated Financial Statements, related Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis, please see the Company’s quarterly filings, which will be available under the Company’s profile at www.sedar.com and on Oncolytics’ website at View Source