Pulmatrix Announces Expansion of Executive Leadership Team to Progress Clinical Pipeline

On March 1, 2022 Pulmatrix, Inc. (NASDAQ: PULM), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative inhaled therapies to address serious pulmonary and non-pulmonary disease using its patented iSPERSE technology, reported the hiring of Dr. Margaret Wasilewski as the Company’s Chief Medical Officer effective March 1st, 2022 (Press release, Pulmatrix, MAR 1, 2022, View Source [SID1234609515]).

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"We are proud to welcome Dr. Wasilewski to the Pulmatrix Executive Team," said Ted Raad, Chief Executive Officer of Pulmatrix. "She brings extensive experience across different stages of pharmaceutical drug development in various therapeutic areas. Pulmatrix will immediately benefit from her leadership in the clinical strategy and delivery of the clinical trial milestones. She will also be my partner in charting the direction of our current and future pipeline. I am excited about the deep capabilities that Dr. Wasilewski will add to the Pulmatrix team as we look to further develop our pipeline."

Dr. Wasilewski leverages over 25 years of experience in pharmaceutical drug development. She led the clinical development program for treatment and recurrence prevention in Clostridioides difficile infection as Vice President Research and Development-Medical at Summit Therapeutics. Dr. Wasilewski held various leadership roles at Eli Lilly and Company, Targanta Therapeutics, and Shire. Her clinical development experience includes bacterial and viral infections, sepsis, neurology, and rare disease. As President of ID Remedies, LLC, she has provided scientific, medical, and regulatory consultation and business development to various biopharmaceutical companies.

Dr. Wasilewski received a medical degree from Tufts University School of Medicine and is board certified in Internal Medicine and completed fellowships in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology at the University of California-San Francisco. Dr. Wasilewski received an MBA from Indiana University, Kelly School of Business; a master’s degree in Nutrition from the University of California-Berkeley and an undergraduate degree in Chemistry from Rutgers University.

Dr. Wasilewski added, "I am thrilled to join Pulmatrix at such an exciting time. The current pipeline has potential to address important unmet needs in both respiratory and neurological disease, while the iSPERSE technology provides opportunity to expand into new areas of unmet need. I look forward applying my experience to position Pulmatrix for long-term success."

10-K – Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

Epizyme has filed a 10-K – Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405] with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission .

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INTRA-CELLULAR THERAPIES REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL-YEAR 2021 FINANCIAL RESULTS AND PROVIDES CORPORATE UPDATE

On March 1, 2022 Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. (Nasdaq: ITCI), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, reported its financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2021 and provided a corporate update (Press release, Intra-Cellular Therapies, MAR 1, 2022, View Source [SID1234609224]).

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"2021 was an extremely productive year for ITCI, culminating in the approval of CAPLYTA for the treatment of bipolar depression. This momentum has continued in 2022 with CAPLYTA’s robust prescription growth and I am very proud of our team’s efforts," said Dr. Sharon Mates, Chairman and CEO of Intra-Cellular Therapies. "We remain focused on maximizing CAPLYTA’s potential with continued progress in our late-stage programs in MDD and additional mood disorders to help more patients with major neuropsychiatric conditions. In addition, we continue to advance our other pipeline programs."

YE 2021 Financial Highlights:

Total revenues were $83.8 million for the full year 2021, compared to $22.8 million in total revenues for the full year 2020, representing an increase of 267%. Net product revenues of CAPLYTA were $81.7 million for the full year 2021, compared to $22.5 million in net product revenues of CAPLYTA for the full year 2020, representing an increase of 263%.


Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $284.1 million or $3.50 per share (basic and diluted) compared to a net loss of $227.0 million or $3.23 per share (basic and diluted) for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Cost of product sales was approximately $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Research and development (R&D) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $88.8 million, compared to $65.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase is due to higher lumateperone clinical and non-clinical trial costs and an increase in share based compensation costs.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $272.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $186.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase is primarily due to an increase in marketing costs in addition to labor related and share-based compensation costs.

Cash, cash equivalents and investment securities totaled $412.3 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $657.4 million at December 31, 2020. Additionally, on January 7, 2022, the Company completed a public offering of common stock in which the Company sold 10,952,381 shares of common stock at an offering price of $42.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $460.0 million. After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses, the net proceeds to the Company were approximately $433.7 million.

Fourth Quarter Financial Highlights:

Net product revenues of CAPLYTA were $25.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to $12.4 million in net product revenues of CAPLYTA for the same period in 2020, representing a year-over-year increase of 106%. Net product revenues for the fourth quarter of 2021 increased $3.9 million or 18% from the prior quarter.

Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2021 was $85.7 million compared to a net loss of $60.7 million for the same period in 2020.

Cost of product sales were $2.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 compared to $1.1 million for the same period in 2020.

Research and development (R&D) expenses for the fourth quarter of 2021 were $29.5 million, compared to $14.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2020. This increase is due to higher lumateperone clinical and non-clinical trial costs and an increase in share-based compensation costs.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $79.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to $58.3 million for the same period in 2020. This increase is primarily due to an increase in commercialization, marketing and labor related costs.

COMMERCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

CAPLYTA was approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar depression in adults in late December 2021. CAPLYTA is the only FDA-approved treatment for depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) in adults as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. We launched CAPLYTA in bipolar depression immediately following approval.

Robust initial prescription growth following CAPLYTA launch in bipolar depression. Comparing the first seven weeks of 2022 following the launch to the same period in the prior quarter, new prescriptions of CAPLYTA have grown by 48% and total prescriptions by 35%. These encouraging trends have been accompanied by positive physician receptivity to CAPLYTA’s bipolar approval in a broad patient population.

During 2021, our commercial organization delivered consistent quarter over quarter prescription growth with strong execution in a market environment impacted by the ongoing pandemic. Fourth quarter CAPLYTA total prescriptions increased by 15% versus the third quarter of 2021 and increased by 98% versus the same period in 2020.

CAPLYTA maintained broad coverage in the Medicare Part D and Medicaid channels, with greater than 98% of lives covered and expanded coverage in the commercial channel to over 80% of lives covered. Our LytaLink patient support program continues to be very effective in supporting patient access.

CLINICAL HIGHLIGHTS

CAPLYTA 2021 Journal Publications:

Announced the online publication of "Safety and tolerability of lumateperone 42 mg: An open-label antipsychotic switch study in outpatients with stable schizophrenia" (Correll et al., 2021) in the journal, Schizophrenia Research.

Announced the publication of Study 404, a Phase 3 clinical study evaluating lumateperone as monotherapy in patients with bipolar depression. The article titled "Efficacy and Safety of Lumateperone for Major Depressive Episodes Associated with Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder: A Phase 3 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial," was published in The American Journal of Psychiatry.

Lumateperone:

Adjunctive MDD program: In 2021, we initiated patient enrollment in pivotal studies 501 and 502. These are Phase 3 double blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week global studies evaluating lumateperone 42 mg as adjunctive treatment to anti-depressants. The primary endpoint is change from baseline versus placebo on the MADRS total score at week 6, and the CGI-S scale is the key secondary endpoint.

Mixed Features program: Study 403 is a global clinical trial evaluating lumateperone 42 mg in patients with MDD and in patients with bipolar depression who exhibit mixed features. Clinical conduct is ongoing.

Lumateperone Long Acting Injectable (LLAI) formulation: In 2021, we initiated Study ITI-007-025, a Phase 1 single ascending dose study of LLAI to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of our initial formulation of LLAI in patients with stable symptoms of schizophrenia. We have completed initial clinical conduct in this study and are encouraged by the safety and tolerability results we have seen to date. We are now exploring alternate sites of injection with this formulation as well as progressing other formulations. This will assist us in evaluating dosing strategies and formulation for our efficacy studies. The goal of our program is to develop LLAI formulations that are effective, safe and well-tolerated with treatment durations of one month and longer.

Other Programs:

ITI-1284-ODT-SL program: Our ITI-1284-ODT-SL program focused on the treatment of agitation in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia-related psychosis and certain depressive disorders in the elderly. We expect to commence clinical conduct in our AD agitation program in 2022. Additional studies in dementia-related psychosis, and certain depressive disorders in the elderly, are also planned for 2022.

Phosphodiesterase type I inhibitor (PDE1) program: Our PDE1 inhibitor program is focused on diseases in which the PDE1 enzyme activity is increased and/or deleterious immune cell changes lead to poor outcomes, including certain cancers. Lenrispodun (ITI-214) is our lead compound in this program.

Initiated our Phase 2 clinical program with lenrispodun for Parkinson’s disease and expect to commence patient enrollment in the first half of 2022.

Presented preclinical data describing the antitumor effects of PDE1 inhibitors when administered in conjunction with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting. Additional data from this program will be presented at upcoming conferences this year.

ITI-333 program in opioid use disorder: Study ITI-333-001, a Phase 1 single ascending dose study evaluating the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ITI-333 in healthy volunteers has been completed. In this study, ITI-333 was generally safe and well-tolerated and achieved plasma exposures at or above those required for efficacy.

Conference Call and Webcast Details

The Company will host a live conference call and webcast today at 8:30 AM Eastern Time to discuss the Company’s financial results and provide a corporate update. The live webcast and subsequent replay may be accessed by visiting the Company’s website at www.intracellulartherapies.com. Please connect to the Company’s website at least 5-10 minutes prior to the live webcast to ensure adequate time for any necessary software download. Alternatively, please call 1-(844) 835-6563 (U.S.) or 1-(970) 315-3916 (international) to listen to the live conference call. The conference ID number for the live call is 5899935. Please dial in approximately 10 minutes prior to the call.

CAPLYTA (lumateperone) is indicated in adults for the treatment of schizophrenia and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. CAPLYTA is available in 42 mg capsules.

Important Safety Information

Boxed Warning:

Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. CAPLYTA is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.

Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adults in short-term studies. All anti-depressant-treated patients should be closely monitored for clinical worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The safety and effectiveness of CAPLYTA have not been established in pediatric patients.

Contraindications: CAPLYTA is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to lumateperone or any components of CAPLYTA. Reactions have included pruritus, rash (e.g., allergic dermatitis, papular rash, and generalized rash), and urticaria.

Warnings & Precautions: Antipsychotic drugs have been reported to cause:

Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis, including stroke and transient ischemic attack. See Boxed Warning above.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), which is a potentially fatal reaction. Signs and symptoms include: high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, changes in breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, elevated creatinine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (and/or rhabdomyolysis), and acute renal failure. Patients who experience signs and symptoms of NMS should immediately contact their doctor or go to the emergency room.

Tardive Dyskinesia, a syndrome of uncontrolled body movements in the face, tongue, or other body parts, which may increase with duration of treatment and total cumulative dose. TD may not go away, even if CAPLYTA is discontinued. It can also occur after CAPLYTA is discontinued.

Metabolic Changes, including hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. Hyperglycemia, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma or death, has been reported in patients treated with antipsychotics. Measure weight and assess fasting plasma glucose and lipids when initiating CAPLYTA and monitor periodically during long-term treatment.

Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis (including fatal cases). Complete blood counts should be performed in patients with pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of leukopenia or neutropenia. CAPLYTA should be discontinued if clinically significant decline in WBC occurs in absence of other causative factors.

Decreased Blood Pressure & Dizziness. Patients may feel lightheaded, dizzy or faint when they rise too quickly from a sitting or lying position (orthostatic hypotension). Heart rate and blood pressure should be monitored and patients should be warned with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Orthostatic vital signs should be monitored in patients who are vulnerable to hypotension.

Falls. CAPLYTA may cause sleepiness or dizziness and can slow thinking and motor skills, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures and other injuries. Patients should be assessed for risk when using CAPLYTA.

Seizures. CAPLYTA should be used cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower seizure threshold.

Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment. Patients should use caution when operating machinery or motor vehicles until they know how CAPLYTA affects them.

Body Temperature Dysregulation. CAPLYTA should be used with caution in patients who may experience conditions that may increase core body temperature such as strenuous exercise, extreme heat, dehydration, or concomitant anticholinergics.

Dysphagia. CAPLYTA should be used with caution in patients at risk for aspiration.

Drug Interactions: CAPLYTA should not be used with CYP3A4 inducers and moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.

Special Populations: Newborn infants exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery. Breastfeeding is not recommended. Use of CAPLYTA should be avoided in patients with moderate or severe liver problems.

Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials with CAPLYTA vs. placebo were somnolence/sedation, dizziness, nausea, and dry mouth.

Please click here to see full Prescribing Information including Boxed Warning.

About CAPLYTA (lumateperone)

CAPLYTA 42 mg is an oral, once daily atypical antipsychotic approved in adults for the treatment of schizophrenia and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. While the mechanism of action of CAPLYTA is unknown, the efficacy of CAPLYTA could be mediated through a combination of antagonist activity at central serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and postsynaptic antagonist activity at central dopamine D2 receptors.

Lumateperone is being studied for the treatment of major depressive disorder, and other neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Lumateperone is not FDA-approved for these disorders.

Agenus Corporate Update and Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2021 Financial Report

On March 1, 2022 Agenus Inc. (NASDAQ: AGEN), an immuno-oncology company with an extensive pipeline of checkpoint antibodies and adjuvants designed to activate immune response to cancers and infections, reported financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2021 (Press release, Agenus, MAR 1, 2022, View Source [SID1234609252]).

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"We made several important advancements in 2021," said Garo Armen, PhD, Chief Executive Officer of Agenus. "Our Phase 1 data presentation at SITC (Free SITC Whitepaper) demonstrated the best-in-class potential of our flagship program, botensilimab, consistent with its Fc-enhanced design. We partnered our Fc-enhanced TIGIT bispecific with BMS to accelerate its development in high priority indications such as NSCLC. This year, we expect to launch several new botensilimab studies to unlock its franchise potential. In parallel, our R&D team continues to advance novel discoveries, with our macrophage targeting program expected to enter the clinic this year."

Botensilimab is the first anti-CTLA-4 antibody to demonstrate clinical responses across 9 cold, treatment-resistant cancers; Phase II studies planned in melanoma, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers

Phase 1 data from >100 patients treated with botensilimab, as monotherapy or in combination with our PD-1 antibody, balstilimab, presented at SITC (Free SITC Whitepaper).

Based on these data, Agenus plans to commence Phase 2 trials in melanoma, MSS-colorectal, and pancreatic cancers in order to:

Demonstrate superiority to ipilimumab, which has been approved and extensively studied in melanoma; new melanoma response to botensilimab monotherapy observed since SITC (Free SITC Whitepaper) presentation in a patient who progressed on prior ipilimumab treatment.

Build upon potential best-in-class signal in MSS-colorectal cancer; among 20 patients in our Phase I study, we observed a 20% response rate for the botensilimab/balstilimab combination compared to a reported 1% response rate for a first generation CTLA-4/PD-(L)1 combination.

Establish botensilimab as superior combination agent for chemotherapy in cold tumors, by evaluating botensilimab in combination with standard of care chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer.

Positive data in these studies can unlock the franchise potential of botensilimab, supporting further development in indications where first-generation CTLA-4 has been approved or demonstrated benefit, as well as expansion into indications where botensilimab has shown benefit but other CTLA-4 agents have not.

Internal infrastructure build underway to support botensilimab development and potential launch: Emeryville site designed to manufacture inventory worth >$10B in annual sales.

AGEN1571 is entering clinical development in 2022

AGEN1571 targets tumor associated macrophages, which promote resistance to PD-1 and CTLA-4 therapy.

The importance of this target class has been validated by Merck’s ILT4 antagonist, discovered by Agenus, which has shown durable responses in PD-1 resistant cancers.

6 clinical-stage programs advancing through strategic partnerships; $220M in upfront and achieved milestone payments received in 2021

AGEN1777 (Fc-enhanced TIGIT bispecific) was licensed to BMS for $220M in upfront and achieved milestones plus $1.36B in future milestones and royalties. BMS plans to advance AGEN1777 in high priority tumor indications including NSCLC.

Merck is advancing a myeloid cell-targeting antibody, MK-4830, discovered by Agenus, across a range of cancers – including pancreatic, lung, renal, breast, ovarian, gastric and glioblastoma.

Incyte is advancing four clinical stage partnered programs, including a combination trial evaluating our TIM-3 and LAG-3 antagonists with PD-1 in PD-1 r/r melanoma.

Across our partnerships, we are eligible for $2.8B in milestones plus royalties, as well as the option to participate in development and commercialization for certain programs.

Cell therapy subsidiary, MiNK Therapeutics, launched via an IPO

MiNK Therapeutics launched a successful IPO to support clinical development of its allogeneic cell therapies.

Clinical programs are underway in solid tumors and multiple myeloma.

SaponiQx to generate GMP grade QS-21 STIMULON adjuvant from proprietary plant cell culture manufacturing process in 2022 to enable partner clinical studies

QS-21 STIMULON is a proven adjuvant in GSK’s shingles vaccine (SHINGRIX), with durability lasting >9 years.

While data supports broad applicability across >20 disease settings, supply is limited by a complicated extraction process from a Chilean soap bark tree.

SaponiQx’s plant cell culture method of manufacturing offers a more sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective supply of QS-21 STIMULON.

GMP grade material from this manufacturing process is expected to be available this year to enable partner clinical trials.

SaponiQx is also developing next-generation adjuvants designed to increase mucosal immunity through intranasal delivery, critical for addressing respiratory pandemic threats such as COVID-19.

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Financial Results

We ended the year 2021 with a cash and short-term investment balance of $307 million as compared to $100 million at December 31, 2020.

We recognized revenue of $296 million and $88 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively, which includes revenue related to upfront license fees received, non-cash royalties earned, and revenue recognized under our collaboration agreements.

Our cash provided by operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $10 million with a reported net loss of $29 million or $0.11 per share compared to cash used in operations of $139 million and a net loss for the year ended 2020 of $183 million or $1.05 per share. Non-cash operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021, were $49 million compared to $37 million for the year ended 2020.

Net loss for the fourth quarter ended 2021 was $68 million or $0.26 per share compared to a net loss for the same period in 2020 of $38 million, or $0.20 per share. For the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2021, our cash used in operations was $23 million compared to $36 million for the same period in 2020.

Webcast

A live webcast and replay of the conference call will be accessible from the Events & Presentations page of the Company’s website at View Source and via View Source

NGM Bio Provides Business Highlights and Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Financial Results

On March 1, 2022 NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (NGM Bio) (Nasdaq: NGM), a biotechnology company focused on discovering and developing transformative therapeutics for patients, reported financial results for the full year and fourth quarter ending December 31, 2021 (Press release, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, MAR 1, 2022, View Source [SID1234609278]).

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"2021 was a meaningful year for NGM Bio. We made significant progress advancing our pipeline, which now includes five programs in the clinic, with four programs in Phase 2 trials," said David J. Woodhouse, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer at NGM Bio. "2022 is poised to be one of the most eventful years in NGM Bio’s history with multiple milestones expected, including clinical data readouts from three of our programs, continued development across our pipeline and steady output from our research and discovery engine."

Key Fourth Quarter and Recent Highlights

Oncology

Progressed the Phase 1/2 trial of NGM707, an ILT2/ITL4 dual antagonist antibody product candidate, in patients with advanced solid tumors through multiple dose cohorts in the Phase 1a monotherapy dose escalation. Initial data readout from the Phase 1a portion of the trial is expected in the second half of 2022.
Continued to progress the Phase 1 portion of the PINNACLES trial of NGM120, an antagonist antibody product candidate that binds GFRAL and is designed to inhibit GDF15 signaling. The PINNACLES trial is evaluating NGM120 as a monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors and in combination with gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Additional clinical data from the Phase 1a and Phase 1b cohorts is expected in the second half of 2022.
Continued enrollment in the placebo-controlled Phase 2 portion of the PINNACLES trial, evaluating NGM120 in combination with gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel as a first-line treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Retinal disease

Continued to advance the fully enrolled Phase 2 CATALINA trial of NGM621 in patients with GA. Topline data readout is expected in the fourth quarter of this year.
The FDA granted Fast Track designation to NGM621 for the treatment of patients with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration in February 2022.
Liver and metabolic diseases

Completed enrollment in ALPINE 4, the Phase 2b trial of aldafermin in patients with compensated NASH cirrhosis (F4 NASH), in January 2022. Topline data readout is expected in the first half of 2023.
Updated the design of the ALPINE 4 trial, elevating the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, a reproducible, quantitative non-invasive liver prognostic test that evaluates liver fibrosis and correlates to liver-related outcomes to be the primary endpoint for the trial. The ELF test is a composite blood test measuring the presence of three biomarkers associated with liver matrix metabolism. Liver biopsy data will also be measured and reported as a secondary endpoint upon completion of the trial.
Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, continued to progress enrollment in a global Phase 2b trial of MK-3655 for the treatment of non-cirrhotic (F2/F3) NASH. MK-3655 is an agonistic antibody product candidate binding to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1c-beta-klotho that Merck licensed from NGM Bio.
Corporate Highlights

Entered into a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Merck related to NGM Bio’s ongoing Phase 1/2 trial of NGM707 in combination with Merck’s KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in December 2021.
Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Financial Results

NGM Bio reported a net loss of $27.2 million and $120.3 million for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021, respectively, compared to a net loss of $28.0 million and $102.5 million for the same periods in 2020.
Related party revenue from our collaboration with Merck was $21.0 million and $77.9 million for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021, respectively, compared to $19.8 million and $87.4 million for the same periods in 2020. Related party revenue decreased $9.5 million in 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to the effects of amending and restating our collaboration agreement with Merck in June 2021.
Research and development (R&D) expenses were $38.7 million and $161.7 million for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021, respectively, compared to $40.1 million and $164.0 million for the same periods in 2020. R&D expenses decreased $1.3 million in the quarter as compared to the prior year period primarily due to decreases in expenses for our manufacturing activities and our clinical trials of aldafermin. R&D expenses decreased $2.3 million in 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to decreases in expenses for our manufacturing activities and our clinical trials of aldafermin partially offset by increases in personnel-related expenses and external expenses driven by our ongoing clinical trials of NGM621, NGM120 and NGM707 and our preclinical studies of NGM438 and NGM831.
General and administrative expenses were $9.5 million and $36.9 million for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021, respectively, compared to $7.4 million and $27.2 million for the same periods in 2020. The $9.6 million increase in general and administrative expenses in 2021 was primarily attributable to increases in compensation-related expenses driven by higher headcount and an increase in expenses associated with being a public company.
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities were $366.3 million as of December 31, 2021, compared to $295.2 million as of December 31, 2020. NGM Bio believes its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its planned operations into the first half of 2024.