On May 9, 2022 Twist Bioscience Corporation (NASDAQ: TWST), a company enabling customers to succeed through its offering of high-quality synthetic DNA using its silicon platform, reported it has entered into a research collaboration and exclusive option license agreement with Astellas Pharma Inc (Press release, Twist Bioscience, MAY 9, 2022, View Source [SID1234613958]). Under the terms of the agreement, the companies will jointly conduct research activities to identify and optimize proprietary Twist antagonist antibodies, targeting an undisclosed checkpoint inhibitor pathway in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as potential therapeutic development candidates. Ligands in this pathway are found in relatively high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment. Blocking the receptor’s activation has the potential to markedly enhance anti-tumor immunity with other Astellas therapies including chimeric antigen receptor-based (CAR) technologies combined with Universal Donor Cells. Astellas will have the exclusive option to license any development candidates generated as part of the collaboration.

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"Our robust antibody discovery and optimization capabilities uniquely position us to develop antibodies with high affinity and specificity for historically difficult targets, such as those mediating immune suppression in the TME," said Emily M. Leproust, Ph.D., CEO and co-founder of Twist Bioscience. "This out-licensing agreement validates the capabilities of Twist-generated antibodies to enable the discovery and advancement of next generation therapies. As the first out-licensing agreement for Twist Biopharma, this deal will serve as an initial base that we intend to build on as we pursue increasingly larger and later stage out-licensing opportunities with additional partners and targets."

Targeting this pathway with antibody therapeutics is a novel approach with no antibodies in clinical development. Developing next-generation checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies using new modalities is promising as an innovative healthcare solution. Through this collaboration we expect to stimulate a highly specific and targeted attack on cancer cells by optimizing these development candidates, and leveraging Astellas’ flexible convertibleCAR cell therapy technology.

Under the terms of the agreement, Twist will receive an upfront payment from Astellas as well as an additional payment upon the exercise of the licensing option. Twist will receive payments connected to success-based clinical milestones as well as royalty payments on product sales for each licensed product. Astellas will be responsible for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of any licensed products.

On May 9, 2022 Enara Bio, a biotechnology company advancing novel T-cell receptor (TCR) directed immunotherapies against unconventional, shared, cancer-specific antigens, reported that three abstracts from the Company and its academic collaborators have been selected for presentation at the 12th International CD1-MR1 European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Meeting, which will be held in Gothenberg, Sweden, 22-26 May 2022 (Press release, Enara Bio, MAY 9, 2022, View Source [SID1234613975]).

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The three abstracts cover pioneering research being conducted by Enara Bio in collaboration with leading immunology and MR1 research groups at Monash University and the University of Oxford towards the identification and validation of cancer-specific MR1 ligands and the development of MR1-targeted T-cell receptor cell therapies (TCR-T).

MR1 is an unconventional antigen-presenting molecule that presents metabolites to the immune system in the context of cancer and infection. The monomorphic nature of MR1 strongly suggests that therapies based on MR1-displayed antigens could be effective across the entire human population. These unique properties make MR1 a promising target for off-the-shelf, HLA-independent, TCR-based immunotherapies for solid tumors.

The first presentation, from Enara scientists, highlights the progress the Company is making with its lead autologous MR1-targeting TCR-T program. The two other presentations, led by scientists from Jamie Rossjohn’s and Tony Purcell’s groups at the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), and Nicola Ternette’s group at the University of Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Medicine, describe novel immunopeptidomic and metabolomic methods to identify and characterize the cancer-specific MR1 ligandome.

Joe Dukes, Vice President, Head of Research at Enara Bio, commented: "We are very pleased to be presenting important abstracts at the upcoming CD1-MR1 EMBO meeting, which showcase the continued developments we are making in partnership with our world-class collaborators to advance the next generation of cancer immunotherapies designed to treat a broad patient population. We have made remarkable progress in our mission to characterize unconventional immunotherapy targets, such as ligands presented by MR1, which we hope will enable development of a pipeline of product candidates that can be advanced into clinical development."

Details of the poster presentations (which will be available on the Company website at the time of the meeting) are as follows:

Enara Bio

– Abstract Title: A novel TCR-T cell therapy targeting a cancer-specific antigen presented by monomorphic MR1 to overcome the challenge of HLA restricted TCR therapies.
– Presenter: Dr. Jonathan Silk

Monash University

– Abstract Title: Design and testing of cleavable constructs for identification and functional validation of MR1 ligands.
– Presenter: Dr. Patricia Illing

The University of Oxford

– Abstract Title: Development of a metabolomics-based MR1 ligand discovery platform using proteomics instrumentation
– Presenter: Dr. Thierry Schmidlin

On May 9, 2022 Surface Oncology (Nasdaq: SURF), a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company developing next-generation immunotherapies that target the tumor microenvironment, reported financial results and corporate highlights for the first quarter of 2022 as well as upcoming anticipated corporate milestones.

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"The first quarter of 2022 marked the beginning of a data-rich year for Surface, starting with the presentation of preclinical and translational SRF388 data at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) in April," said Rob Ross, M.D., chief executive officer. "We are actively developing two novel antibodies in Phase 2 studies, SRF388 and SRF617, and our runway now provides us with 12 months of cash beyond data readouts for up to six different indications and combination studies across the programs. We look forward to presenting our next update on SRF388, the only antibody targeting IL-27 in the clinic, at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper), and we remain on track to share new clinical data for SRF617 in the second half of this year."

First Quarter and Subsequent Corporate Highlights

During the first quarter, Surface raised net proceeds of approximately $21 million through the company’s existing At-the-Market (ATM) facility with participation based on unsolicited interest received from EcoR1 and Octagon Capital Advisors.

At the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting 2022, Surface presented SRF388 preclinical and translational data supporting the recommended Phase 2 monotherapy dose selection of 10 mg/kg administered intravenously every four weeks. This dose is being studied in dedicated expansion cohorts of treatment-refractory clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

In March, Surface announced that the first patient had been dosed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in a Phase 1 study evaluating GSK4381562 in patients with solid tumors. GSK4381562 is a fully human IgG1 antibody targeting PVRIG, an inhibitory protein on the TIGIT/DNAM/TACTILE axis that is expressed on natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cells. As a result, Surface is entitled to a $30 million milestone payment and is eligible to receive an additional $700 million in potential future milestone payments, and tiered royalties on global net sales.

In March, the company announced the appointment of Theresa Boni, J.D., as general counsel and senior vice president, legal. Ms. Boni brings more than 20 years of legal experience spanning the biopharmaceutical and medical device industries.
SRF388 Clinical Trial Progress and Updates

In April 2022, Surface announced the initiation of two Phase 2 clinical studies evaluating SRF388, a potential first-in-class antibody against IL-27. The initiations include the first patient dosed in a Phase 2 monotherapy clinical study in treatment-refractory NSCLC patients and the first patient dosed in the lead-in to a randomized Phase 2 clinical study in combination with atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with HCC who have not received prior systemic treatment (first-line).

With respect to the design of the SRF388 randomized Phase 2 study in first-line HCC, the company will expand the open-label lead-in from six patients, as originally planned, to approximately 30 patients. Management believes this expanded lead-in will provide more robust safety and efficacy data to inform the start of the randomized stage and could elucidate important biomarkers to support enriched patient selection. Data from the lead-in are anticipated in the first half of 2023.

New clinical data on SRF388 will be presented in an oral session at the 2022 ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting. The session, entitled "First-in-human study of SRF388, a first-in-class IL-27 targeting antibody, as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors," will be held Saturday, June 4, 2022, from 1:15 pm – 4:15 pm CDT.
Selected Anticipated Near-term Corporate Milestones

The company remains on track to provide a clinical data update on SRF617, a fully human antibody designed to inhibit CD39, in the second half of 2022.

Surface anticipates filing an Investigational New Drug application for SRF114, a fully human IgG1 anti-CCR8 antibody, in the second half of 2022.
Financial Results
As of March 31, 2022, cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were $150.4 million, compared to $154.1 million on December 31, 2021.

General and administrative (G&A) expenses were $6.5 million for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared to $5.6 million for the same period in 2021. This increase was primarily due to increases in personnel and facility-related costs and increased insurance premiums. G&A expenses included $1.3 million in stock-based compensation expense for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

Research and development (R&D) expenses were $16.6 million for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared to $10.5 million for the same period in 2021. This increase was primarily driven by progress on our SRF617 and SRF388 Phase 1 clinical trials and advancement into Phase 2 trials. R&D expenses included $0.6 million in stock-based compensation expense for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

For the first quarter ended March 31, 2022, net income was $6.2 million, or basic net income per share of $0.13 and diluted net income per share of $0.13. Net loss was $15.6 million for the same period in 2021, or basic and diluted net loss per share of $0.37.

Based upon the current operating plan, Surface projects its cash runway extending into 2024.

On May 9, 2022 CRISPR Therapeutics (Nasdaq: CRSP), a biopharmaceutical company focused on creating transformative gene-based medicines for serious diseases, reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022 (Press release, CRISPR Therapeutics, MAY 9, 2022, View Source [SID1234613911]).

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"I am pleased with the ongoing momentum across our broad portfolio of innovative gene therapy candidates and anticipate important company milestones in 2022. Alongside our partner Vertex, we remain on track to submit global regulatory filings for CTX001 in late 2022 and have dosed more than 75 patients across both trials to date. We have also initiated two new Phase 3 trials of CTX001 in pediatric patients with TDT and SCD," said Samarth Kulkarni, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of CRISPR Therapeutics. "We are also advancing our wholly-owned immuno-oncology pipeline, with new updates expected this year. In addition, enrollment and dosing continues in the Phase 1 clinical trial of VCTX210 for T1D with our partner, ViaCyte. We believe we are well positioned and well capitalized to advance our pipeline and platform to develop transformative medicines for patients suffering from serious diseases."

Recent Highlights and Outlook

Beta Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease

Following the completion of enrollment in the ongoing Phase 3 clinical trials for CTX001 in transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia (TDT) and severe sickle cell disease (SCD), announced last quarter, more than 75 patients across both trials have been dosed to date. CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex anticipate presenting updated data from the clinical trials, with more patients and longer follow-up, at medical conferences in 2022.

CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex have initiated two new Phase 3 studies of CTX001 in pediatric patients with TDT and SCD.

The companies anticipate submitting global regulatory filings for CTX001 in TDT and SCD in late 2022.

Immuno-Oncology Programs

CRISPR Therapeutics continues to enroll and dose patients in the pivotal trial of CTX110, its wholly-owned allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) investigational therapy targeting CD19+ B-cell malignancies. The Company expects to report additional data in 2022.

CRISPR Therapeutics’ Phase 1 clinical trials for CTX-120, its wholly-owned allogeneic CAR-T investigational therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, and CTX130, its wholly-owned allogeneic CAR-T investigational therapy targeting CD70 for the treatment of both solid tumors and certain hematologic malignancies, are ongoing. Each trial is assessing safety and efficacy of several dose levels. The Company expects to provide updates from each trial in the first half of 2022.

Regenerative Medicine and In Vivo Programs

Enrollment and dosing are ongoing in the Phase 1 clinical trial of VCTX210 for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). VCTX210 is an investigational, allogeneic, gene-edited, stem cell-derived product developed in collaboration by applying CRISPR Therapeutics’ gene-editing technology to ViaCyte’s proprietary stem cell capabilities for the generation of pancreatic cells designed to evade recognition by the immune system. This immune-evasive cell replacement therapy is designed to enable patients to produce their own insulin.

Based upon ongoing progress with its in vivo approaches for liver gene editing utilizing both viral and non-viral delivery vehicles, CRISPR Therapeutics continues to expect to move multiple programs utilizing in vivo approaches into the clinic in the next 18 to 24 months.

Other Corporate Matters

In April, CRISPR Therapeutics proposed to elect Maria Fardis, Ph.D., MBA, to its Board of Directors at the Company’s upcoming annual general meeting of shareholders to be held later this year. The Company believes her extensive leadership in scaling companies and bringing novel therapies to patients will be an invaluable asset to CRISPR Therapeutics.

In April, CRISPR Therapeutics and Nkarta, Inc. presented preclinical data focused on its natural killer cell platform and pipeline at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting 2022. The data shows that CD70/CISH/CBLB triple KO CD70-CAR NK cells demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity against relevant solid tumor cell lines and provided greater resistance to tumor microenvironment inhibition. These data support the further exploration of CD70/CISH/CBLB triple gene knockout CD70 CAR NK cells for clinical application.

In April, CRISPR Therapeutics was awarded the 2022 Facility of the Year Category Award (FOYA) for Innovation by the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) for its state-of-the art manufacturing facility in Framingham, Massachusetts, USA. ISPE’s Facility of the Year Awards program is the premier global awards program recognizing innovation and creativity in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology manufacturing industries. Projects selected for recognition set the standard by demonstrating excellence in facility design, construction, and operations.
First Quarter 2022 Financial Results

Cash Position: Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were $2,221.3 million as of March 31, 2022, compared to $2,379.1 million as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in cash of $157.8 million was primarily driven by cash used in operating activities to support ongoing research and development of the Company’s clinical and pre-clinical programs.

Revenue: Total collaboration revenue was $0.2 million for the first quarter of 2022 and 2021.

R&D Expenses: R&D expenses were $118.2 million for the first quarter of 2022, compared to $70.6 million for the first quarter of 2021. The increase in expense was driven by development activities supporting the advancement of our wholly-owned immuno-oncology programs, as well as expenses related to our new U.S. research and development headquarters.

G&A Expenses: General and administrative expenses were $28.0 million for the first quarter of 2022, compared to $24.5 million for the first quarter of 2021. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by headcount-related expense.

Collaboration Expense: Collaboration expense, net, was $30.6 million for the first quarter of 2022, compared to $19.9 million for the first quarter of 2021. The increase in collaboration expense, net, was primarily driven by increased pre-commercial and manufacturing scale-up costs associated with our hemoglobinopathies programs under our collaboration with Vertex.

Net Loss: Net loss was $179.2 million for the first quarter of 2022, compared to a net loss of $113.2 million for the first quarter of 2021.
About CTX001
CTX001 is an investigational, autologous, ex vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited therapy that is being evaluated for patients suffering from TDT or severe SCD, in which a patient’s hematopoietic stem cells are edited to produce high levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF; hemoglobin F) in red blood cells. HbF is a form of the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin that is naturally present at birth, which then switches to the adult form of hemoglobin. The elevation of HbF by CTX001 has the potential to alleviate or eliminate transfusion requirements for patients with TDT and reduce or eliminate painful and debilitating sickle crises for patients with SCD. Earlier results from these ongoing trials were published as a Brief Report in The New England Journal of Medicine in January of 2021.

Based on progress in this program to date, CTX001 has been granted Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT), Fast Track, Orphan Drug, and Rare Pediatric Disease designations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for both TDT and SCD. CTX001 has also been granted Orphan Drug Designation from the European Commission, as well as Priority Medicines (PRIME) designation from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), for both TDT and SCD.

Among gene-editing approaches being investigated/evaluated for TDT and SCD, CTX001 is the furthest advanced in clinical development.

About the CRISPR-Vertex Collaboration
Vertex and CRISPR Therapeutics entered into a strategic research collaboration in 2015 focused on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to discover and develop potential new treatments aimed at the underlying genetic causes of human disease. CTX001 represents the first potential treatment to emerge from the joint research program. Under a recently amended collaboration agreement, Vertex will lead global development, manufacturing and commercialization of CTX001 and split program costs and profits worldwide 60/40 with CRISPR Therapeutics.

About CLIMB-111
The ongoing Phase 1/2 open-label trial, CLIMB-Thal-111, is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a single dose of CTX001 in patients ages 12 to 35 with TDT. The trial will enroll up to 45 patients and follow patients for approximately two years after infusion. Each patient will be asked to participate in a long-term follow-up trial.

About CLIMB-121
The ongoing Phase 1/2 open-label trial, CLIMB-SCD-121, is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a single dose of CTX001 in patients ages 12 to 35 with severe SCD. The trial will enroll up to 45 patients and follow patients for approximately two years after infusion. Each patient will be asked to participate in a long-term follow-up trial.

About CLIMB-131
This is a long-term, open-label trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CTX001 in patients who received CTX001 in CLIMB-111 or CLIMB-121. The trial is designed to follow participants for up to 15 years after CTX001 infusion.

About CTX110
CTX110, a wholly owned program of CRISPR Therapeutics, is a healthy donor-derived gene-edited allogeneic CAR-T investigational therapy targeting cluster of differentiation 19, or CD19. CTX110 is being investigated in the ongoing CARBON trial. CTX110 has been granted Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy designation from the FDA.

About CARBON
The ongoing Phase 1 single-arm, multi-center, open label clinical trial, CARBON, is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of several dose levels of CTX110 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies.

About CTX120
CTX120, a wholly-owned program of CRISPR Therapeutics, is a healthy donor-derived gene-edited allogeneic CAR-T investigational therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen, or BCMA. CTX120 is being investigated in an ongoing Phase 1 single-arm, multi-center, open-label clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of several dose levels of CTX120 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. CTX120 has been granted Orphan Drug designation from the FDA.

About CTX130
CTX130, a wholly-owned program of CRISPR Therapeutics, is a healthy donor-derived gene-edited allogeneic CAR-T investigational therapy targeting cluster of differentiation 70, or CD70, an antigen expressed on various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. CTX130 is being developed for the treatment of both solid tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma, and T-cell and B-cell hematologic malignancies. CTX130 is being investigated in two ongoing independent Phase 1, single-arm, multi-center, open-label clinical trials that are designed to assess the safety and efficacy of several dose levels of CTX130 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory renal cell carcinoma and various subtypes of lymphoma, respectively. CTX120 has been granted Orphan Drug designation for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma from the FDA.

About VCTX210
VCTX210 is an investigational, allogeneic, gene-edited, immune-evasive, stem cell-derived therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). VCTX210 is being developed under a co-development and co-commercialization agreement between CRISPR Therapeutics and ViaCyte, Inc.

On MAY 9, 2022 Precision BioSciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: DTIL), a clinical stage gene editing company developing ARCUS-based ex vivo allogeneic CAR T and in vivo gene editing therapies, reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2022 and provided a business update (Press release, Precigen, MAY 9, 2022, View Source [SID1234613927]).

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"We continue to focus on execution and build on the utility of ARCUS as a premier genome editing platform to develop novel treatments for cancer and genetic diseases. We believe the differentiated attributes of ARCUS enable a high degree of specificity, minimal levels of off-target editing and maximum versatility, including gene insertion. These qualities underpin our organic strategy and attract accomplished partners that extend our reach to more patients with serious diseases while also providing capital to advance our core development priorities," said Michael Amoroso, Chief Executive Officer at Precision BioSciences. "As our programs continue to mature, we will remain nimble and follow the data to prudently manage our portfolio. This will allow us to hone in on the most impactful approaches to develop potential allogeneic CAR T product candidates and pursue optimal strategies for delivery to various tissues for gene editing in vivo."

"As we look ahead, we plan to provide an update across our allogeneic CAR T programs in June 2022 as data matures. On the research front, we have initiated IND-enabling studies for PBGENE-PH1 delivered by LNP as we target advancing three wholly owned in vivo gene editing programs towards IND or CTA applications over the next three years," Mr. Amoroso continued.

Recent Developments and Upcoming Milestones:

Ex Vivo Allogeneic CAR T Portfolio:

PBCAR0191: PBCAR0191 is the Company’s lead investigational anti-CD19 allogeneic CAR T candidate being evaluated in a Phase 1/2a clinical trial of adult subjects with relapsed or refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In December 2021, Precision announced a Phase 1 data update, in which a 100% overall response rate (6/6) and a 66% complete response rate (4/6) was observed among patients that previously received an autologous CAR T therapy and progressed. Precision prioritized enrollment of this high unmet need patient population as a potential path for PBCAR0191, and the Company plans to provide a program update on PBCAR0191 in June 2022.
PBCAR19B: PBCAR19B is a novel, immune-evading stealth cell candidate employing a single-gene edit to knock-down beta-2 microglobulin and insert an HLA-E transgene. We believe PBCAR19B is the first CAR T cell candidate in the clinic designed to evade rejection by host T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Precision initiated a clinical trial of PBCAR19B in patients with NHL in mid-2021 and plans to commence dosing in the third quarter of 2022 at the next dose level with clinical trial material from an optimized manufacturing process. The Company plans to provide a program update on PBCAR19B in June 2022.
PBCAR269A: PBCAR269A is an investigational allogeneic CAR T cell candidate targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for R/R multiple myeloma. Precision is evaluating PBCAR269A in a Phase 1/2a study in combination with nirogacestat, a gamma secretase inhibitor developed by SpringWorks Therapeutics. The first patient was dosed in the combination arm in June 2021, and Precision expects to provide a program update on PBCAR269A in June 2022.
In Vivo Gene Editing Portfolio:

Over the next three years, Precision expects that three of its wholly owned preclinical in vivo programs will advance to IND or CTA. This includes:

PBGENE-PCSK9: In 2021, Precision initiated a collaboration with iECURE, pursuant to which Precision’s PBGENE-PCSK9 candidate is expected to advance through preclinical activities as well as a Phase 1 study in familial hypercholesterolemia. A CTA filing is expected as early as the end of 2022.
PBGENE-PH1: Precision has initiated IND-enabling activities for its PBGENE-PH1 candidate designed to knock out the well-validated HAO1 gene as a potential one-time treatment for primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). In the first quarter of 2022, the Company initiated a non-human primate study for PBGENE-PH1 delivered by LNP and expects to submit an IND or CTA in 2023.
PBGENE-HBV: Precision’s gene editing program for chronic Hepatitis B applies ARCUS to knock out persistent covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and inactivate integrated hepatitis B genomes, potentially achieving durable HBV S-antigen (HBsAg) loss and viral persistence. Precision plans to pursue clinical development of its PBGENE-HBV candidate using LNP delivery and expects to submit an IND/CTA in 2024.
Precision continues its in vivo gene editing collaboration with Lilly and is applying ARCUS nucleases for three initial targets, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy in muscle, a central nervous system directed target and a liver directed target. In addition, Precision continues to engage discussions with potential biotech collaborators to leverage the unique attributes of ARCUS, such as gene insertion, for a variety of disease targets.

As announced on May 2, 2022, preclinical data on Precision’s wholly owned PH1 and HBV programs will be presented at the upcoming American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ASGCT) (Free ASGCT Whitepaper) meeting, May 16-19, 2022.

Abstract #239, Optimization of Hydroxyacid Oxidase 1 (HAO1) Targeting ARCUS Nucleases for the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1
Abstract #447, Targeting the Hepatitis B cccDNA with a Sequence-Specific ARCUS Nuclease to Eliminate Hepatitis B Virus In Vivo
Other Research:

Additional abstracts on ARCUS in vivo gene editing have been accepted for presentation at the upcoming ASGCT (Free ASGCT Whitepaper) meeting, including one abstract on Precision’s mitochondrial DNA preclinical research and one abstract from a research and license collaboration with iECURE and the company’s ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency program.

Abstract #561, ARCUS Gene Editing to Eliminate MELAS-associated m.3243A>G Mutant Mitochondrial DNA
Abstract #811, AAV-meganuclease-mediated Gene Targeting Achieves Efficient and Sustained Transduction in Newborn and Infant Macaque Liver
Preclinical research led by the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Louisville using ARCUS genome editing platform for autosomal dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP) was presented at the recent Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Annual Meeting.

Abstract #3710318, Successful Late-stage Disease Treatment of P23H Human RHO (hRHO) Using ARCUS Nuclease Gene Editing in a Pig Model of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP)
Abstract #3712152, Characterization of a Humanized Mouse Model of P23H Rhodopsin Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP)
Corporate:

Intellectual Property (IP) Update: In March 2022, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Precision five new U.S. patents further adding to the Company’s IP portfolio that cover the ARCUS platform and its use developing novel ex vivo and in vivo gene editing therapies. The five new patents included: patents relating to methods of using ARCUS nucleases to target sequences in the Hepatitis B virus (U.S. Patent No. 11,274,285); methods for modifying the Factor VIII gene in hemophilia A (U.S. Patent No. 11,278,632); methods for novel co-stimulatory domain used for allogeneic CAR T expansion (U.S. Patent No. 11,286,291); and methods of making allogeneic CAR T cells and T cell receptor alpha chain (TRAC)-targeting ARCUS nucleases useful in such methods (U.S. Patent Nos. 11,268,065 and 11,266,693).
Quarter Ended March 31, 2022 Financial Results:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: As of March 31, 2022, Precision had approximately $116.2 million in cash and cash equivalents. The Company expects that existing cash and cash equivalents, expected operational receipts and available credit will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into mid-2023.

Revenues: Total revenues for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 were $3.3 million, as compared to $16.3 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease of $13.0 million in revenue during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was primarily the result of a $10.3 million decrease in revenue recognized under the Servier Agreement subsequent to full satisfaction of the performance obligation under the execution of the Program Purchase Agreement in April 2021, a $2.1 million decrease in revenue recognized under the Lilly Agreement, and a $0.6 million decrease in revenue recognized from an agriculture partnering collaboration.

Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses were $20.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to $25.6 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease of $5.6 million was primarily due to decreases of $2.7 million in external development costs, including clinical research organization and clinical manufacturing organization costs, associated with our PBCAR0191, PBCAR269A, PBCAR20A and PBCAR19B clinical trials, as well as decreases of $1.1 million in sublicensing royalty payable to Duke on the Lilly upfront payment that was received in 2021 and $1.4 million in employee-related costs due to reduced headcount driven by the separation of Elo in 2021.

General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses were $10.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to $9.5 million for the same period in 2021. The increase of $1.2 million was primarily due to costs required to meet our growing infrastructure needs, including an increase of $1.3 million in general and administrative employee-related costs associated with increased wages, share-based compensation, relocation and recruiting costs for key management personnel.

Net Loss: Net loss was $28.2 million, or $(0.46) per share (basic and diluted), for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to a net loss of $18.7 million, or $(0.33) per share (basic and diluted), for the same period in 2021.