On March 20, 2019 Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Nasdaq: DFFN), a cutting-edge biotechnology company developing new treatments for life-threatening medical conditions by improving the body’s ability to bring oxygen to the areas where it is needed most, reported financial results for the year ended December 31, 2018 and provided a business update (Press release, Diffusion Pharmaceuticals, MAR 20, 2019, View Source [SID1234534500]).

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2018 was marked by significant developments related to the Company’s lead drug candidate, trans sodium crocetinate (TSC), for the treatment of stroke and cancer. During the third quarter Diffusion received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to enroll patients in an ambulance-based Phase 2 clinical trial testing TSC for the treatment of acute stroke, while the in-ambulance trial design was presented at several important medical conferences. The trial, named PHAST-TSC (Pre-Hospital Administration of Stroke Therapy-TSC), will involve 23 hospitals across urban, suburban and rural areas in Los Angeles County and Central Virginia, working closely with approximately 150 emergency medical transport groups. PHAST-TSC will be led by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Virginia (UVA). Diffusion is working to engage local ambulance companies and expects the first patients to be treated in the coming months. Results for the trial will potentially be available in just under two years, subject to Diffusion receiving the necessary funding.

The Company continues to screen and enroll patients in its Phase 3 INTACT (INvestigation of TSC Against Cancerous Tumors) program, using TSC to treat inoperable glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain cancer. In Phase 2 testing TSC demonstrated a nearly four-fold improvement in overall survival at two years for the subset of inoperable GBM patients compared with the control group of GBM patients.

Commenting on 2018 and plans for 2019, David Kalergis, chairman and chief executive officer of Diffusion, said, "In the coming weeks we expect to complete enrollment in the initial dose-escalation cohort of the INTACT trial. In addition, we expect to begin enrollment in PHAST-TSC during the second quarter of 2019. We continue to be excited about the potential for TSC to bring new hope to patients with life-threatening unmet medical needs and making TSC a commercial success.

Several patents were allowed and issued during the course of 2018, strengthening the Company’s intellectual property portfolio around broad uses of TSC in hypoxic conditions such as stroke, and as a treatment for solid cancerous tumors in conjunction with radiation and chemotherapy. Of note, a U.S. patent was issued for TSC in conjunction with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for the treatment of stroke. tPA is the only FDA-approved therapeutic for this indication. At the end of 2018, the company had 56 issued patents in the U.S. and abroad.

2018 Financial Results

Diffusion had cash and cash equivalents of $8.0 million as of December 31, 2018. The Company believes its cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to fund operations into July 2019.

Diffusion recognized $5.8 million in research and development expenses during 2018, compared with $5.1 million during 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to a $1.7 million increase in Phase 3 GBM trial expenses and to a $0.2 million increase in salary and wages expenses, partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in manufacturing and other costs.

General and administrative expenses were $6.2 million during 2018, which were flat compared with 2017. Salaries and wages expense increased by $0.6 million, which was offset by a $0.6 million decrease in professional fees.

The Company recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $6.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 as a result of a sustained decrease in our market capitalization during the second half of 2018. There was no such charge in 2017.

Net cash used in operating activities for 2018 was $10.8 million, compared with $12.3 million during 2017