On May 17, 2021 ImmunityBio, Inc. (NASDAQ: IBRX), a clinical-stage immunotherapy company, reported it has received FDA authorization to conduct a Phase 1 study to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of its m-ceNKÔ platform combined with its IL-15 superagonist Anktiva (N-803) in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors (Press release, NantKwest, MAY 17, 2021, View Source [SID1234580142]). These NK cells retrieved from the patient and enriched with cytokines have the ability to recognize and kill cancer targets with increased production of interferon-g (IFN-γ), a cytokine demonstrating high activity.
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"Nearly two million Americans, including children, will be diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors this year alone and many of these tumor types are difficult to treat," said Patrick Soon-Shiong, M.D., Founder and Executive Chairman of ImmunityBio. "Our m-ceNK cells, which are isolated and enriched from the patient after a simple blood draw (apheresis), are characterized by their unique cell-surface marker profile, by their highly desirable feature of immune-memory, and marked by their pronounced anti-cancer activity for weeks to months in duration. These unique properties have made these memory NK cells a research focus for more than a decade and a promising candidate in immunotherapy for solid tumors," said Soon-Shiong.
"We are excited to launch this next evolution of our NK platform. Based on the novel techniques and cytokine expansion developed at ImmunityBio, a single apheresis will enable 10 to 20 doses of m-ceNK infusions of 0.5 billion NK cells per dose. These autologous and allogeneic cryopreserved memory NK cells could synergize with our engineered off-the- shelf NK-92 cells, as well as with our IL-15 Anktiva superagonist, which stimulates both NK and T cells. We believe the combination of these tools has the potential to place ImmunityBio in a leading position to activate the patient’s immune system in the fight against cancer across both solid and liquid tumors."
About Memory Cytokine-Enhanced NK Cells (m-ceNK):
In an initial, proof-of-concept clinical study, memory-like NK cells with freshly isolated cytokine-stimulated NK cells demonstrated encouraging results in patients with liquid tumors.1. ImmunityBio has successfully enriched and expanded donor natural killer cells obtained from peripheral blood of donors using a technique called apheresis, to generate a unique NK cell phenotype which exhibits both high cytotoxicity and interferon-g production together with a memory–like effect. These m-ceNK cells, or memory-cytokine enriched NK cells, have been designed for autologous cell therapy, but have also been generated as an allogeneic product from cord blood. m-ceNK provides a unique opportunity in clinics due to its ease of use and potential suitability for use in the ambulatory setting.
NK cells from aphaeretic blood from 20 subjects, 15 healthy and 5 cancer patient donors, were successfully used to generate m-ceNK cells in an Independent Review Board-approved volunteer study. Mononuclear cells obtained from the apheresis procedure were stimulated in the presence of ImmunityBio’s proprietary cytokine, N-803, for enrichment of primary natural killer cells. A 2 to 3 log-fold expansion of activated NK cells was achieved by the third week of the protocol. These NK Cells are then briefly exposed to a proprietary cytokine cocktail to impart the critical memory-like phenotype, characterized by higher effector responses after a resting period—a key feature of ImmunityBio’s m-ceNK cells. The m-ceNK product is characterized as CD56+ cells that are armed with NK cell activating surface receptors required for proliferation, homing and tumor recognition and binding. Both the healthy- and cancer patient-derived m-ceNK cells killed NK-resistant tumor cells with equal potency when tested against tumor cells of different origins, including breast, Merkel, ovarian, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma.
ImmunityBio has also developed a novel method of production, which yields multiple clinical-dose forms from a single apheresis product using the company’s proprietary NANT 001 Bioreactor (GMP-in-a-Box), thereby alleviating pressures on supply of starting material. A tailored cryopreservation protocol for maximum shelf-life and potency upon recovery was also established, a necessary precedent for any off-the-shelf product. ImmunityBio is leveraging the unique properties of m-ceNK—including potent cytotoxicity, increased IFN-gamma production, proliferative capacity, activation surface markers and memory response—to establish a propriety autologous product.
QUILT 3.076 Study Details
Cryopreserved m-ceNK cells in combination with Anktiva (N-803) will be tested in this phase 1 study designed to evaluate safety in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The study will compare the quantity and quality of the m-ceNK cells collected and manufactured from newly diagnosed patients who have not received prior treatment to the m-ceNK cells collected and manufactured from patients who have received at least two prior treatments for their cancer.
The study consists of two cohorts and there will be 10 participants in each cohort. Cohort 1 includes participants with newly diagnosed high-risk solid tumors who have not received prior treatment; and cohort 2 includes participants with relapsed/refractory (r/r) solid tumors who have progressive disease after receiving ≥ 2 prior therapies. Participants will be enrolled in the two cohorts simultaneously.
Participants in cohort 1 will participate in apheresis collection of lymphocytes (part A) and will not receive any investigational therapy in this study.
Participants in cohort 2 will undergo an apheresis collection of lymphocytes (part A) prior to receiving approximately four weeks of disease-specific therapy per their Oncologists’ recommendations.
Solid tumors represent approximately 90% of adult cancers and 40% of all cancers in children, according to data collected from the American Cancer Society. Tumors can develop in many parts of the human body including the breast, lung, prostate, colon, skin, bladder and kidney.