On June 4, 2018 Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, reported interim data from a cohort of the Phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study evaluating KEYTRUDA, Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, as monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (Press release, Merck & Co, JUN 4, 2018, View Source [SID1234527146]). Findings showed an overall response rate (ORR) of 18.7 percent in patients in the SCLC cohort (95% CI, 11.8–27.4), the primary endpoint of the study. Additionally, in a pre-specified exploratory analysis, ORR was 35.7 percent in patients whose tumors expressed PD-L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) of ≥1 (95% CI, 21.6–52.0). These results, as well as other findings from the KEYNOTE-158 (Abstract #8506) cohort in SCLC, are being presented for the first time today at the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting.

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"In this study, KEYTRUDA demonstrated promising overall response rates in the overall population of small cell lung cancer patients, and in patients whose tumors express PD-L1," said Dr. Hyun Cheol Chung, professor, Cancer Metastasis Research Center, and professor, Yonsei Cancer Center, South Korea. "As an oncologist, I am encouraged by these results evaluating KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy in a type of lung cancer that has seen little progress in meaningful treatment advances."

"These new data for KEYTRUDA in small cell lung cancer underscore why Merck is pursuing a broad clinical development program across all types of lung cancer," said Dr. Jonathan Cheng, vice president, oncology clinical research, Merck Research Laboratories. "We are encouraged by the response rates observed in this study, and continue to evaluate the potential of KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer in the ongoing pivotal Phase 3 KEYNOTE-604 study."

Merck has an extensive clinical development program in lung cancer and is advancing multiple registration-enabling studies with KEYTRUDA in combination with other treatments and as monotherapy. The program, which is comprised of nearly 9,000 patients across 15 clinical studies, is evaluating KEYTRUDA across multiple settings and stages of the disease. In SCLC specifically, KEYTRUDA is being studied in combination with chemotherapy in the ongoing Phase 3 KEYNOTE-604 study in patients with newly diagnosed extensive stage disease.

Additional Data from KEYNOTE-158 (Abstract #8506)

KEYNOTE-158 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02628067) is an ongoing global, open-label, non-randomized, multi-cohort, multi-center, Phase 2 study evaluating KEYTRUDA in patients with multiple types of advanced solid tumors – including SCLC – that have progressed on standard of care therapy. The SCLC cohort of the study enrolled 107 patients, regardless of biomarker status, who received KEYTRUDA as monotherapy (200 mg fixed dose every three weeks). The primary endpoint was ORR as evaluated by independent central review using RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints are progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR) and safety.

In the overall SCLC patient cohort (n=107), data at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) showed an ORR of 18.7 percent (95% CI, 11.8-27.4), with a complete response rate of three percent and a partial response rate of 16 percent. Median DOR was not reached (range, 2.1+ to 18.7+ months) and 73 percent of patients had a DOR of 12 months or longer. Median PFS was 2.0 months (95% CI, 1.9-2.1) with six- and 12-month PFS rates of 23.7 percent and 16.8 percent, respectively. Median OS was 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.6-12.0) with six- and 12-month OS rates of 57.5 percent and 40.2 percent, respectively.

In the pre-specified, exploratory analyses based on PD-L1 status, patients whose tumors expressed PD-L1 (n=42) showed an ORR of 35.7 percent (95% CI, 21.6–52.0), with a complete response rate of five percent and a partial response rate of 31 percent. Additionally, median PFS was 2.1 months (95% CI, 2.0-8.1) with six- and 12-month PFS rates of 38.9 percent and 28.5 percent, respectively. Median OS was 14.9 months (95% CI, 5.6-NR) with six- and 12-month OS rates of 66.0 percent and 53.1 percent, respectively.

In patients whose tumors did not express PD-L1 (n=50), ORR was six percent (95% CI, 1.3-16.5), with a complete response rate of two percent and a partial response rate of four percent. Median PFS was 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.6-2.0) with six- and 12-month PFS rates of 14.3 percent and 8.2 percent, respectively. Median OS was 5.9 months (95% CI, 3.3-10.1) with six- and 12-month OS rates of 48.3 percent and 30.7 percent, respectively. In other pre-specified subgroup analyses, the ORR was generally consistent across clinically relevant subgroups, including patients (n=61) who had received two or more prior lines of therapy where the ORR was 23 percent (95% CI, 13.2-35.5).

The safety profile was consistent with what has been seen in previously reported studies of KEYTRUDA monotherapy in lung cancer. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurring in 10 percent or more of patients were fatigue (14%), pruritus (12%), hypothyroidism (12%), decreased appetite (10%) and nausea (10%). Thirteen patients had grade 3-4 TRAEs; two deaths occurred due to TRAEs (pneumonia and encephalopathy). Immune-mediated adverse events and infusion reactions were reported in some patients. Hypothyroidism was the most commonly reported immune-mediated adverse event, followed by hyperthyroidism and severe skin reactions.

About Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, which forms in the tissues of the lungs, usually within cells lining the air passages, is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than die of colon, breast and prostate cancers combined. The two main types of lung cancer are non-small cell and small cell. SCLC accounts for about 10 to 15 percent of all lung cancers. The five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed in the United States with any stage of small cell lung cancer is estimated to be six percent.

Merck Investor Webcast

Merck will hold an investor event in conjunction with the 2018 ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting today, Monday, June 4 at 5:45 p.m. CT. Those unable to attend in person will be able to listen to a live audio webcast of the presentation. Those interested in participating can register and join here.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection 100mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the body’s immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industry’s largest immuno-oncology clinical research program, which currently involves more than 750 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient’s likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications and Dosing

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and progression-free survival. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

In metastatic NSCLC, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

When administering KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA should be administered prior to chemotherapy when given on the same day. See also the Prescribing Information for pemetrexed and carboplatin.

Head and Neck Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. In HNSCC, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), or who have relapsed after three or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. In adults with cHL, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression. In pediatric patients with cHL, KEYTRUDA is administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 200 mg) every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is also indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

In locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

solid tumors that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options, or
colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan.
This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

In adult patients with MSI-H cancer, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression. In children with MSI-H cancer, KEYTRUDA is administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 200 mg) every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The recommended dose of KEYTRUDA is 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 94 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%) pneumonitis, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (6.9%) compared to those without (2.9%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 48 (1.7%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) colitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 19 (0.7%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%) hepatitis. Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA can cause hypophysitis. Hypophysitis occurred in 17 (0.6%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%) hypophysitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency). Administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; withhold or discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 hypophysitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 96 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%) hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism occurred in 237 (8.5%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in patients with HNSCC, occurring in 28 (15%) of 192 patients with HNSCC, including Grade 3 (0.5%) hypothyroidism. Thyroiditis occurred in 16 (0.6%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.3%) thyroiditis. Monitor patients for changes in thyroid function (at the start of treatment, periodically during treatment, and as indicated based on clinical evaluation) and for clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders. Administer replacement hormones for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism.

KEYTRUDA can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, which have been reported in 6 (0.2%) of 2799 patients. Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 9 (0.3%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA can cause other clinically important immune-mediated adverse reactions. These immune-mediated reactions may occur in any organ system. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, and partial seizures arising in a patient with inflammatory foci in brain parenchyma. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and postmarketing use.

Solid organ transplant rejection has been reported in postmarketing use of KEYTRUDA. Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment with KEYTRUDA vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 6 (0.2%) of 2799 patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions, including rigors, chills, wheezing, pruritus, flushing, rash, hypotension, hypoxemia, and fever. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Immune-mediated complications, including fatal events, occurred in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after being treated with KEYTRUDA. Of 23 patients with cHL who proceeded to allogeneic HSCT after treatment with KEYTRUDA on any trial, 6 patients (26%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), one of which was fatal, and 2 patients (9%) developed severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced-intensity conditioning, one of which was fatal. Cases of fatal hyperacute GVHD after allogeneic HSCT have also been reported in patients with lymphoma who received a PD-1 receptor–blocking antibody before transplantation.

These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between PD-1 blockade and allogeneic HSCT. Follow patients closely for early evidence of transplant-related complications such as hyperacute GVHD, severe (Grade 3 to 4) acute GVHD, steroid-requiring febrile syndrome, hepatic VOD, and other immune-mediated adverse reactions, and intervene promptly.

In clinical trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose of KEYTRUDA.

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 21% of patients; the most common (≥1%) was diarrhea (2.5%). The most common adverse reactions with KEYTRUDA vs ipilimumab were fatigue (28% vs 28%), diarrhea (26% with KEYTRUDA), rash (24% vs 23%), and nausea (21% with KEYTRUDA). Corresponding incidence rates are listed for ipilimumab only for those adverse reactions that occurred at the same or lower rate than with KEYTRUDA.

In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC. The most common adverse event resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.8%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 23% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were diarrhea (1%), fatigue (1.3%), pneumonia (1%), liver enzyme elevation (1.2%), decreased appetite (1.3%), and pneumonitis (1%). The most common adverse reactions (occurring in at least 20% of patients and at a higher incidence than with docetaxel) were decreased appetite (25% vs 23%), dyspnea (23% vs 20%), and nausea (20% vs 18%).

In KEYNOTE-021(G1), when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed (carbo/pem) in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 10% of 59 patients. The most common adverse reaction resulting in discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥2%) was acute kidney injury (3.4%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 39% of patients; the most common (≥2%) were fatigue (8%), neutrophil count decreased (8%), anemia (5%), dyspnea (3.4%), and pneumonitis (3.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA compared to carbo/pem alone were fatigue (71% vs 50%), nausea (68% vs 56%), constipation (51% vs 37%), rash (42% vs 21%), vomiting (39% vs 27%), dyspnea (39% vs 21%), diarrhea (37% vs 23%), decreased appetite (31% vs 23%), headache (31% vs 16%), cough (24% vs 18%), dizziness (24% vs 16%), insomnia (24% vs 15%), pruritus (24% vs 4.8%), peripheral edema (22% vs 18%), dysgeusia (20% vs 11%), alopecia (20% vs 3.2%), upper respiratory tract infection (20% vs 3.2%), and arthralgia (15% vs 24%). This study was not designed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in adverse reaction rates for KEYTRUDA as compared to carbo/pem alone for any specified adverse reaction.

In KEYNOTE-012, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (reported in at least 20% of patients) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema (10% all Grades; 2.1% Grades 3 or 4) and new or worsening hypothyroidism.

In KEYNOTE-087, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 5% of 210 patients with cHL, and treatment was interrupted due to adverse reactions in 26% of patients. Fifteen percent (15%) of patients had an adverse reaction requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 16% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥1%) included pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, GVHD, and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression; one from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and one from septic shock. The most common adverse reactions (occurring in ≥20% of patients) were fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%).

In KEYNOTE-052, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 370 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reactions (in ≥20% of patients) were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (24%), decreased appetite (22%), constipation (21%), rash (21%), and diarrhea (20%). Eighteen patients (5%) died from causes other than disease progression. Five patients (1.4%) who were treated with KEYTRUDA experienced sepsis which led to death, and 3 patients (0.8%) experienced pneumonia which led to death. Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 22% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were liver enzyme increase, diarrhea, urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, fatigue, joint pain, and pneumonia. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 42% of patients, the most frequent (≥2%) of which were urinary tract infection, hematuria, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and urosepsis.

In KEYNOTE-045, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 266 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.9%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 20% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were urinary tract infection (1.5%), diarrhea (1.5%), and colitis (1.1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients who received KEYTRUDA vs those who received chemotherapy were fatigue (38% vs 56%), musculoskeletal pain (32% vs 27%), pruritus (23% vs 6%), decreased appetite (21% vs 21%), nausea (21% vs 29%), and rash (20% vs 13%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of KEYTRUDA-treated patients, the most frequent (≥2%) of which were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, anemia, and pneumonitis.

It is not known whether KEYTRUDA is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, instruct women to discontinue nursing during treatment with KEYTRUDA and for 4 months after the final dose.

There is limited experience in pediatric patients. In a study, 40 pediatric patients (16 children aged 2 years to younger than 12 years and 24 adolescents aged 12 years to 18 years) with advanced melanoma, lymphoma, or PD-L1–positive advanced, relapsed, or refractory solid tumors were administered KEYTRUDA 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients received KEYTRUDA for a median of 3 doses (range 1–17 doses), with 34 patients (85%) receiving KEYTRUDA for 2 doses or more. The safety profile in these pediatric patients was similar to that seen in adults treated with KEYTRUDA. Toxicities that occurred at a higher rate (≥15% difference) in these patients when compared to adults under 65 years of age were fatigue (45%), vomiting (38%), abdominal pain (28%), hypertransaminasemia (28%), and hyponatremia (18%).

On June 4, 2018 Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, reported long-term efficacy data from the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-006 study and the melanoma cohort of the Phase 1b KEYNOTE-001 study investigating KEYTRUDA, Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, in patients with advanced melanoma. A new analysis from KEYNOTE-006 demonstrated durable efficacy benefits among patients who completed two years of KEYTRUDA treatment, combined with updated overall survival (OS) results across both studies, confirming anti-tumor activity in advanced melanoma patients (Press release, Merck & Co, JUN 4, 2018, View Source [SID1234527145]). At a median follow-up of 20.3 months after completion of KEYTRUDA in KEYNOTE-006, 86 percent of patients remained progression-free, the co-primary endpoint for the study. For the primary endpoint of OS in KEYNOTE-006, the four-year OS rate was 41.7 percent in the pooled KEYTRUDA arms vs. 34.1 percent in the ipilimumab arm; in treatment-naïve patients, OS rates were 44.3 percent in the pooled KEYTRUDA arms and 36.4 percent in the ipilimumab arm. In KEYNOTE-001, the five-year OS rate, a secondary endpoint for the study, was 34 percent in all patients and 41 percent in treatment-naïve patients. The safety profile of KEYTRUDA in both studies was consistent with what has been seen in previous trials among patients with advanced melanoma. Results for KEYNOTE-006 (Abstract #9503) and KEYNOTE-001 (Abstract #9516) are being presented today at the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting.

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"Looking across the findings for both KEYNOTE-006 and KEYNOTE-001 we are seeing further validation that KEYTRUDA is significantly extending the survival of first-line metastatic melanoma patients, regardless of tumor BRAF-mutation status," said Scot Ebbinghaus, M.D., vice president, clinical research, Merck Research Laboratories. "In KEYNOTE-006, we are also seeing durable efficacy benefits for patients who complete two years of KEYTRUDA treatment. We are pleased to share data that further reinforce KEYTRUDA monotherapy as a standard of care in advanced melanoma patients and deliver on our goal of improving and extending the lives of melanoma patients."

"Pembrolizumab had already established superior survival outcomes versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients, and this is further reinforced with four years of data in KEYNOTE-006," said Professor Georgina V. Long, conjoint medical director of Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA), and chair of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Translational Research at MIA and Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney. "Importantly, we’re now seeing ongoing efficacy for patients who complete the protocol-specified two years of pembrolizumab treatment, as well as additional anti-tumor activity for the patients who progress after a first course of treatment and complete a second course of treatment."

"Updated data for KEYNOTE-001 demonstrate significant survival benefits in advanced melanoma patients," said Omid Hamid, M.D., chief of Translational Research and Immuno-Oncology and director of Melanoma Therapeutics, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. "Five-year survival is a true milestone for oncology patients, particularly among those living with metastatic melanoma, so it is incredibly exciting to share these updated data."

Merck’s long-term commitment to melanoma includes a broad clinical development program studying KEYTRUDA as monotherapy and in combination with other novel mechanisms. The program, which is comprised of more than 4,500 patients across 10 Merck-sponsored clinical studies, is evaluating KEYTRUDA across all settings and stages of the disease.

Additional Data and Safety Information from KEYNOTE-006 (Abstract #9503)

KEYNOTE-006 is a global, open-label, randomized, pivotal, Phase 3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01866319) evaluating KEYTRUDA compared to ipilimumab in patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma who had either not been treated previously (first-line treatment setting) or who had received a prior targeted therapy for BRAF-mutation positive melanoma (in the KEYTRUDA arm, 34% received prior therapy with a BRAF/MEK inhibitor; in the ipilimumab arm, 35% received prior therapy). The study randomized 834 patients to receive KEYTRUDA 10 mg/kg every three weeks, KEYTRUDA 10 mg/kg every two weeks, or four cycles of ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every three weeks. Treatment continued until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression; patients without disease progression could be treated for up to 24 months. Upon disease progression, eligible patients could receive an additional one year of KEYTRUDA. The co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and OS; secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR) and safety, with an exploratory analysis for health-related quality of life (QoL).

With a median follow-up of 45.9 months (range, 0.3-50.0), the four-year OS rate was 41.7 percent in the pooled KEYTRUDA arms (n=556) and 34.1 percent in the ipilimumab arm (n=278); investigator-reported ORR was 42 percent and 17 percent, respectively. Median DOR was not reached for KEYTRUDA (range, 1.0+ to 46.1+ months) or ipilimumab (range, 1.1+ to 45.6+ months); 62 percent of patients in the KEYTRUDA arms and 59 percent of patients in the ipilimumab arm had a response lasting ≥ 42 months.

In treatment-naïve patients, the four-year OS rates were 44.3 percent in the pooled KEYTRUDA arms (n=368) and 36.4 percent in the ipilimumab arm (n=181); ORR was 47 percent and 17 percent, respectively. Median DOR was not reached for KEYTRUDA (range, 1.6+ to 46.0+ months) or ipilimumab (range, 1.1+ to 42.2+ months); 65 percent of patients in the KEYTRUDA arms and 68 percent of patients in the ipilimumab arm had a response lasting ≥ 42 months.

Per study protocol, 18.5 percent of patients (n=103) completed two years of KEYTRUDA. With a median follow-up of 20.3 months (range, 0.03-24.8), 86 percent of patients (n=89) remained progression-free. Eight patients received second-course KEYTRUDA; three discontinued treatment. Among the eight patients, there was one complete response and three partial responses; three patients had stable disease, while the remaining patient had progressive disease.

The safety profile of KEYTRUDA was consistent with what has been seen in previously reported studies among patients with advanced melanoma. Five patients had an immune-mediated adverse event during second-course KEYTRUDA; there were no grade 3-4 immune-mediated adverse events or deaths.

Additional Data and Safety Information from KEYNOTE-001 (Abstract #9516)

KEYNOTE-001 is a Phase 1b multicenter, open-label, multi-cohort trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01295827) evaluating KEYTRUDA in various advanced cancers, including 655 patients with advanced melanoma. Patients in the melanoma cohorts received 2 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA every three weeks or 10 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA every two weeks until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. The primary endpoint was confirmed ORR. The secondary endpoints included PFS, OS and DOR.

After median follow-up of 55 months (range, 48-69), 35 patients remained on KEYTRUDA therapy. The investigator-reported ORR, the primary endpoint for KEYNOTE-001, was 41 percent in all patients (including 16% who achieved a complete response) and 52 percent in treatment-naïve patients (including 25% who achieved a complete response). The estimated five-year OS rate was 34 percent in all patients (n=655) and 41 percent in treatment naïve patients (n=151). Median OS was 23.8 months (95% CI, 20.2-30.4) in all patients and 38.6 months (95% CI, 27.2-NR) in treatment-naïve patients.

Median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI, 5.8-11.1) and 16.9 months (95% CI, 9.3-35.5) in all patients and treatment-naïve patients, respectively.

Median DOR was not reached (range, 1.3+ to 66.3+ months) in all responders and in treatment-naïve patients (range, 1.3+ to 60.8+ months); 73 percent of all responses and 82 percent of treatment-naïve responses were ongoing at data cut-off. The longest response observed in all patients was ongoing at 66 months.

The safety profile of KEYTRUDA was consistent with what has been seen in previously reported studies among patients with advanced melanoma. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 86 percent (n=562) of patients including 17 percent with grade 3-4 and eight percent who discontinued. Twelve percent of patients experienced a serious TRAE including five percent who discontinued treatment. Immune-mediated adverse events and infusion reactions were reported in 23 percent of patients. Most cases of immune-related adverse events, including hypothyroidism and pneumonitis, were grade 1 or 2. Hypothyroidism was the most commonly reported immune-mediated adverse event, followed by pneumonitis, colitis and skin disorders.

About Melanoma

Melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of pigment-producing cells. The incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the past four decades – approximately 232,000 new cases were diagnosed worldwide in 2012. In the U.S., melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed and is responsible for the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. In 2018, an estimated 91,270 people are expected to be diagnosed and an estimated 9,320 people are expected to die of the disease in the U.S. alone.

Merck Investor Webcast

Merck will hold an investor event in conjunction with the 2018 ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting today, Monday, June 4 at 5:45 p.m. CT. Those unable to attend in person will be able to listen to a live audio webcast of the presentation. Those interested in participating can register and join here.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection 100mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the body’s immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industry’s largest immuno-oncology clinical research program, which currently involves more than 750 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient’s likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications and Dosing

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and progression-free survival. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

In metastatic NSCLC, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

When administering KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA should be administered prior to chemotherapy when given on the same day. See also the Prescribing Information for pemetrexed and carboplatin.

Head and Neck Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. In HNSCC, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), or who have relapsed after three or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. In adults with cHL, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression. In pediatric patients with cHL, KEYTRUDA is administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 200 mg) every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is also indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

In locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

solid tumors that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options, or
colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan.
This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

In adult patients with MSI-H cancer, KEYTRUDA is administered at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression. In children with MSI-H cancer, KEYTRUDA is administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 200 mg) every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The recommended dose of KEYTRUDA is 200 mg every three weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 94 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%) pneumonitis, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (6.9%) compared to those without (2.9%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 48 (1.7%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) colitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 19 (0.7%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%) hepatitis. Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA can cause hypophysitis. Hypophysitis occurred in 17 (0.6%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%) hypophysitis. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency). Administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; withhold or discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 hypophysitis.

KEYTRUDA can cause thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 96 (3.4%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%) hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism occurred in 237 (8.5%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in patients with HNSCC, occurring in 28 (15%) of 192 patients with HNSCC, including Grade 3 (0.5%) hypothyroidism. Thyroiditis occurred in 16 (0.6%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.3%) thyroiditis. Monitor patients for changes in thyroid function (at the start of treatment, periodically during treatment, and as indicated based on clinical evaluation) and for clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders. Administer replacement hormones for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism.

KEYTRUDA can cause type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, which have been reported in 6 (0.2%) of 2799 patients. Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 9 (0.3%) of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

KEYTRUDA can cause other clinically important immune-mediated adverse reactions. These immune-mediated reactions may occur in any organ system. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, and partial seizures arising in a patient with inflammatory foci in brain parenchyma. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and postmarketing use.

Solid organ transplant rejection has been reported in postmarketing use of KEYTRUDA. Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment with KEYTRUDA vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 6 (0.2%) of 2799 patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions, including rigors, chills, wheezing, pruritus, flushing, rash, hypotension, hypoxemia, and fever. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Immune-mediated complications, including fatal events, occurred in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after being treated with KEYTRUDA. Of 23 patients with cHL who proceeded to allogeneic HSCT after treatment with KEYTRUDA on any trial, 6 patients (26%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), one of which was fatal, and 2 patients (9%) developed severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced-intensity conditioning, one of which was fatal. Cases of fatal hyperacute GVHD after allogeneic HSCT have also been reported in patients with lymphoma who received a PD-1 receptor–blocking antibody before transplantation.

These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between PD-1 blockade and allogeneic HSCT. Follow patients closely for early evidence of transplant-related complications such as hyperacute GVHD, severe (Grade 3 to 4) acute GVHD, steroid-requiring febrile syndrome, hepatic VOD, and other immune-mediated adverse reactions, and intervene promptly.

In clinical trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant during treatment, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose of KEYTRUDA.

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 21% of patients; the most common (≥1%) was diarrhea (2.5%). The most common adverse reactions with KEYTRUDA vs ipilimumab were fatigue (28% vs 28%), diarrhea (26% with KEYTRUDA), rash (24% vs 23%), and nausea (21% with KEYTRUDA). Corresponding incidence rates are listed for ipilimumab only for those adverse reactions that occurred at the same or lower rate than with KEYTRUDA.

In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC. The most common adverse event resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.8%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 23% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were diarrhea (1%), fatigue (1.3%), pneumonia (1%), liver enzyme elevation (1.2%), decreased appetite (1.3%), and pneumonitis (1%). The most common adverse reactions (occurring in at least 20% of patients and at a higher incidence than with docetaxel) were decreased appetite (25% vs 23%), dyspnea (23% vs 20%), and nausea (20% vs 18%).

In KEYNOTE-021(G1), when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed (carbo/pem) in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 10% of 59 patients. The most common adverse reaction resulting in discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥2%) was acute kidney injury (3.4%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 39% of patients; the most common (≥2%) were fatigue (8%), neutrophil count decreased (8%), anemia (5%), dyspnea (3.4%), and pneumonitis (3.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA compared to carbo/pem alone were fatigue (71% vs 50%), nausea (68% vs 56%), constipation (51% vs 37%), rash (42% vs 21%), vomiting (39% vs 27%), dyspnea (39% vs 21%), diarrhea (37% vs 23%), decreased appetite (31% vs 23%), headache (31% vs 16%), cough (24% vs 18%), dizziness (24% vs 16%), insomnia (24% vs 15%), pruritus (24% vs 4.8%), peripheral edema (22% vs 18%), dysgeusia (20% vs 11%), alopecia (20% vs 3.2%), upper respiratory tract infection (20% vs 3.2%), and arthralgia (15% vs 24%). This study was not designed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in adverse reaction rates for KEYTRUDA as compared to carbo/pem alone for any specified adverse reaction.

In KEYNOTE-012, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (reported in at least 20% of patients) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema (10% all Grades; 2.1% Grades 3 or 4) and new or worsening hypothyroidism.

In KEYNOTE-087, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 5% of 210 patients with cHL, and treatment was interrupted due to adverse reactions in 26% of patients. Fifteen percent (15%) of patients had an adverse reaction requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 16% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥1%) included pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, GVHD, and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression; one from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and one from septic shock. The most common adverse reactions (occurring in ≥20% of patients) were fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%).

In KEYNOTE-052, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 370 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reactions (in ≥20% of patients) were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (24%), decreased appetite (22%), constipation (21%), rash (21%), and diarrhea (20%). Eighteen patients (5%) died from causes other than disease progression. Five patients (1.4%) who were treated with KEYTRUDA experienced sepsis which led to death, and 3 patients (0.8%) experienced pneumonia which led to death. Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 22% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were liver enzyme increase, diarrhea, urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, fatigue, joint pain, and pneumonia. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 42% of patients, the most frequent (≥2%) of which were urinary tract infection, hematuria, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and urosepsis.

In KEYNOTE-045, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 266 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.9%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 20% of patients; the most common (≥1%) were urinary tract infection (1.5%), diarrhea (1.5%), and colitis (1.1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients who received KEYTRUDA vs those who received chemotherapy were fatigue (38% vs 56%), musculoskeletal pain (32% vs 27%), pruritus (23% vs 6%), decreased appetite (21% vs 21%), nausea (21% vs 29%), and rash (20% vs 13%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of KEYTRUDA-treated patients, the most frequent (≥2%) of which were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, anemia, and pneumonitis.

It is not known whether KEYTRUDA is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, instruct women to discontinue nursing during treatment with KEYTRUDA and for 4 months after the final dose.

There is limited experience in pediatric patients. In a study, 40 pediatric patients (16 children aged 2 years to younger than 12 years and 24 adolescents aged 12 years to 18 years) with advanced melanoma, lymphoma, or PD-L1–positive advanced, relapsed, or refractory solid tumors were administered KEYTRUDA 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients received KEYTRUDA for a median of 3 doses (range 1–17 doses), with 34 patients (85%) receiving KEYTRUDA for 2 doses or more. The safety profile in these pediatric patients was similar to that seen in adults treated with KEYTRUDA. Toxicities that occurred at a higher rate (≥15% difference) in these patients when compared to adults under 65 years of age were fatigue (45%), vomiting (38%), abdominal pain (28%), hypertransaminasemia (28%), and hyponatremia (18%).

On June 4, 2018 AstraZeneca and Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, reported data which showed clinical improvement in median radiologic progression-free survival (rPFS) with LYNPARZA (olaparib) in combination with abiraterone compared to abiraterone monotherapy, a current standard of care, in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) (Press release, Merck & Co, JUN 4, 2018, View Source [SID1234527144]). LYNPARZA is being jointly developed and commercialized by AstraZeneca and Merck.

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The results of Study 08, a randomized, double-blinded, multi-center Phase 2 trial, comparing LYNPARZA in combination with abiraterone (n=71) to abiraterone monotherapy (n=71) in patients with previously-treated mCRPC, regardless of homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutation status, were presented at the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting as a "Best of ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) presentation" and were published online today in The Lancet Oncology. The primary endpoint was rPFS. Secondary endpoints included time to second progression or death (PFS2), overall survival (OS) and health-related quality of life.

LYNPARZA is not FDA-approved for prostate cancer. LYNPARZA is indicated for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer patients with a gBRCA mutation previously treated with three or more lines of chemotherapy; for the maintenance treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer in response to platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of BRCA mutation status; and for the treatment of gBRCA HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer after chemotherapy and prior endocrine therapy, if appropriate. Physicians should select advanced ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer patients for therapy based on a FDA-approved companion diagnostic. Please see Indications for LYNPARZA (olaparib) 100 mg in the U.S. below.

Noel Clarke, professor of urological oncology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom, said, "This is the first time we have seen an improvement with the use of a PARP inhibitor in combination with abiraterone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and this effect may be independent of HRR status. The data suggest this therapeutic combination may be a promising new treatment approach for this aggressive disease."

Sean Bohen, executive vice president, global medicines development and chief medical officer at AstraZeneca, said, "A previous trial demonstrated improvements in response rates with LYNPARZA monotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant patients with HRR mutations. The Study 08 combination data suggest that, regardless of their mutation status, men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer may potentially benefit from LYNPARZA in combination with abiraterone."

Dr. Roy Baynes, senior vice president and head of global clinical development, chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories, said, "There is a significant unmet medical need for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer as they are a high-risk group with limited treatment options. LYNPARZA is the first PARP inhibitor to demonstrate activity in combination with standard-of-care treatment in prostate cancer. These data from Study 08 represent another important milestone in the clinical development of LYNPARZA."

Median rPFS was 13.8 months with LYNPARZA and abiraterone compared to 8.2 months with abiraterone alone (HR=0.65 [95% CI, 0.44-0.97]; p=0.034). Median PFS2 was 23.3 months versus 18.5 months (HR=0.79 [95% CI, 0.51-1.21]). Median OS was 22.7 months with combination treatment versus 20.9 months with abiraterone alone (HR=0.91; [95% CI, 0.60-1.38]). Pre-specified exploratory subgroup analyses demonstrated an rPFS improvement in patients regardless of HRR status (see Table 1). Study 08 was not powered for subgroup analyses, PFS2 and OS. HRR mutation status was not known for all patients.

Table 1: rPFS by HRR status

Median rPFS
(months)

HR

95% CI
LYNPARZA +
abiraterone

abiraterone
Overall (n=142) 13.8 8.2 0.65 0.44-0.97
HRR-mutation (n=21)

17.8 6.5 0.74 0.26-2.12
Wild-type HRR (n=35) 15.0 9.7 0.52 0.24-1.15
Partially-characterized HRR status (n=86)*

13.1 6.4 0.67 0.40-1.13
*Those whose plasma and blood samples both tested negative for HRR mutations, but for whom no valid tumor test result was available

The safety of LYNPARZA in combination with abiraterone was also reported, as was the safety of abiraterone monotherapy. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and treatment discontinuations due to AEs were more frequent with combination treatment than abiraterone alone (54% vs 28%; 34% vs 18%; 30% vs 10%, respectively). The most common grade ≥3 AEs in the combination arm were anemia (21%), pneumonia (6%) and myocardial infarction (6%). Serious cardiovascular events occurred in seven patients in the combination group and one patient in the abiraterone group. LYNPARZA is associated with a number of serious, potentially fatal risks, including MDS-AML, pneumonitis and embryo-fetal toxicity. Please see Important Safety Information for LYNPARZA (olaparib) tablets 100 mg below.

In addition to Study 08, other studies are underway to explore the potential of LYNPARZA as a monotherapy for HRR-mutated mCRPC, including PROfound, which is testing LYNPARZA monotherapy versus enzalutamide or abiraterone in patients with previously-untreated mCRPC. Additional trials are planned to explore LYNPARZA in combination for the treatment of mCRPC regardless of HRR status. LYNPARZA was granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2016 for the treatment of BRCA-mutated or ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene-mutated mCRPC.

LYNPARZA is a first-in-class PARP inhibitor approved in the U.S. for certain patients with recurrent ovarian and metastatic breast cancer and has treated nearly 5,500 patients since 2014. LYNPARZA has a broad clinical development program, and AstraZeneca and Merck are working together to deliver LYNPARZA as quickly as possible to more patients across multiple cancer types, including prostate and pancreatic cancers.

Indications for LYNPARZA (olaparib) 100 mg in the U.S.

LYNPARZA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated:

For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.

For the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with 3 or more prior lines of chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

In patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCAm, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer who have previously been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic setting. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer should have been treated with a prior endocrine therapy or be considered inappropriate for endocrine treatment. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

Important Safety Information for LYNPARZA (olaparib) tablets 100 mg

Contraindications

There are no contraindications for LYNPARZA.

Warnings and Precautions

Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (MDS/AML): Occurred in <1.5% of patients exposed to LYNPARZA monotherapy, and the majority of events had a fatal outcome. The duration of therapy in patients who developed secondary MDS/AML varied from <6 months to >2 years. All of these patients had previous chemotherapy with platinum agents and/or other DNA-damaging agents, including radiotherapy, and some also had a history of more than one primary malignancy or of bone marrow dysplasia.

Do not start LYNPARZA until patients have recovered from hematological toxicity caused by previous chemotherapy (≤Grade 1). Monitor complete blood count for cytopenia at baseline and monthly thereafter for clinically significant changes during treatment. For prolonged hematological toxicities, interrupt LYNPARZA and monitor blood count weekly until recovery.

If the levels have not recovered to Grade 1 or less after 4 weeks, refer the patient to a hematologist for further investigations, including bone marrow analysis and blood sample for cytogenetics. Discontinue LYNPARZA (olaparib) if MDS/AML is confirmed.

Pneumonitis: Occurred in <1% of patients exposed to LYNPARZA, and some cases were fatal. If patients present with new or worsening respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and fever, or a radiological abnormality occurs, interrupt LYNPARZA treatment and initiate prompt investigation. Discontinue LYNPARZA if pneumonitis is confirmed and treat patient appropriately.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Based on its mechanism of action and findings in animals, LYNPARZA can cause fetal harm. A pregnancy test is recommended for females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment.

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months following the last dose.

Males

Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential or who are pregnant to use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months following the last dose of LYNPARZA and to not donate sperm during this time.

Adverse Reactions—Maintenance Setting

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in ≥20% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the maintenance setting for SOLO-2: nausea (76%), fatigue (including asthenia) (66%), anemia (44%), vomiting (37%), nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infection (URI)/influenza (36%), diarrhea (33%), arthralgia/myalgia (30%), dysgeusia (27%), headache (26%), decreased appetite (22%), and stomatitis (20%). Study 19: nausea (71%), fatigue (including asthenia) (63%), vomiting (35%), diarrhea (28%), anemia (23%), respiratory tract infection (22%), constipation (22%), headache (21%), and decreased appetite (21%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in ≥25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the maintenance setting (SOLO-2/Study 19) were: increase in mean corpuscular volume (89%/82%), decrease in hemoglobin (83%/82%), decrease in leukocytes (69%/58%), decrease in lymphocytes (67%/52%), decrease in absolute neutrophil count (51%/47%), increase in serum creatinine (44%/45%), and decrease in platelets (42%/36%).

Adverse Reactions—Advanced gBRCAm Ovarian Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in ≥20% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA (olaparib) for advanced gBRCAm ovarian cancer after 3 or more lines of chemotherapy (pooled from 6 studies) were: fatigue (including asthenia) (66%), nausea (64%), vomiting (43%), anemia (34%), diarrhea (31%), nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infection (URI) (26%), dyspepsia (25%), myalgia (22%), decreased appetite (22%), and arthralgia/musculoskeletal pain (21%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in ≥25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA for advanced gBRCAm ovarian cancer (pooled from 6 studies) were: decrease in hemoglobin (90%), increase in mean corpuscular volume (57%), decrease in lymphocytes (56%), increase in serum creatinine (30%), decrease in platelets (30%), and decrease in absolute neutrophil count (25%).

Adverse Reactions—gBRCAm, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in ≥20% of patients in OlympiAD were: nausea (58%), anemia (40%), fatigue (including asthenia) (37%), vomiting (30%), neutropenia (27%), respiratory tract infection (27%), leukopenia (25%), diarrhea (21%), and headache (20%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in ≥25% of patients in OlympiAD were: decrease in hemoglobin (82%), decrease in lymphocytes (73%), decrease in leukocytes (71%), increase in mean corpuscular volume (71%), decrease in absolute neutrophil count (46%), and decrease in platelets (33%).

Drug Interactions

Anticancer Agents: Clinical studies of LYNPARZA in combination with other myelosuppressive anticancer agents, including DNA-damaging agents, indicate a potentiation and prolongation of myelosuppressive toxicity.

CYP3A Inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors. If a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor must be co-administered, reduce the dose of LYNPARZA. Advise patients to avoid grapefruit, grapefruit juice, Seville oranges, and Seville orange juice during LYNPARZA treatment.

CYP3A Inducers: Avoid concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inducers when using LYNPARZA (olaparib). If a moderate inducer cannot be avoided, there is a potential for decreased efficacy of LYNPARZA.

Use In Specific Populations

Lactation: No data are available regarding the presence of olaparib in human milk, its effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with LYNPARZA and for 1 month after receiving the final dose.

Pediatric Use: The safety and efficacy of LYNPARZA have not been established in pediatric patients.

Hepatic Impairment: No adjustment to the starting dose is required in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh classification A). There are no data in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

Renal Impairment: No adjustment to the starting dose is necessary in patients with mild renal impairment (CLcr=51-80 mL/min). In patients with moderate renal impairment (CLcr=31-50 mL/min), reduce the dose to 200 mg twice daily. There are no data in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (CLcr ≤30 mL/min).

About Study 08

Study 08 was a global, randomized, double-blinded, multi-center Phase 2 trial of 142 patients, assessing the efficacy and safety of LYNPARZA tablets (300 mg twice daily) and abiraterone tablets (4 x 250 mg once daily) (n=71) compared to matched placebo and abiraterone tablets (4 x 250 mg once daily) (n=71) in patients regardless of HRR status. Prednisone/prednisolone (5 mg twice daily) was administered to patients in both treatment arms.

Patients in Study 08 had previously received docetaxel for mCRPC. Prior to enrollment, patients had received no more than two lines of chemotherapy.

The primary endpoint was radiologic progression-free survival (rPFS) (time from randomization to radiologic progression or death). rPFS is increasingly used in clinical trials of mCRPC as a clinically-meaningful endpoint focusing on the impact of treatment on disease progression to areas where spread of prostate cancer is common, notably soft tissue and bone.

Secondary endpoints included time to second progression or death (PFS2), overall survival (OS) and health-related quality of life.

About Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, with an estimated 1.6 million new cases diagnosed worldwide in 2015, and is associated with a significant mortality rate. Development of prostate cancer is often driven by male sex hormones called androgens, including testosterone. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) occurs when prostate cancer grows and spreads to other parts of the body despite the use of androgen-deprivation therapy to block the action of male sex hormones. Approximately 10-20 percent of men with advanced prostate cancer will develop mCRPC within five years, and at least 84 percent of these will have metastases at the time of mCRPC diagnosis. Of men with no metastases at mCRPC diagnosis, 33 percent are likely to develop metastases within two years. Despite an increase in the number of available therapies for men with mCRPC, five-year survival is only 28 percent.

About LYNPARZA (olaparib)

LYNPARZA was the first in class PARP inhibitor and the first targeted treatment to potentially exploit DNA damage response (DDR) pathway deficiencies, such as BRCA mutations, to preferentially kill cancer cells. Specifically, in vitro studies have shown that LYNPARZA-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complexes, resulting in DNA damage and cancer cell death.

LYNPARZA is being tested in a range of DDR-deficient tumor types.

On June 4, 2018 TG Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: TGTX), reported updated clinical data from its ongoing Phase 2 study evaluating umbralisib (TGR-1202), the Company’s PI3K delta inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) who are intolerant to prior BTK or PI3K delta inhibitor therapy (Press release, TG Therapeutics, JUN 4, 2018, View Source [SID1234527143]). Data from this trial are being presented today during the 54th American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL.

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Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

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Michael S. Weiss, the Company’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, stated, "We are extremely pleased with the data presented today during the ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) annual meeting. We believe there is a need for novel treatment options for patients who are intolerant to the currently approved BTK and PI3K therapies and believe the data shown today demonstrates that umbralisib can be used effectively in these patients." Mr. Weiss, continued, "We continue to be pleased with the safety and efficacy profile of umbralisib and believe umbralisib single agent, or umbralisib plus ublituximab referred to as ‘U2’, can become important treatment options across multiple b-cell malignancies. We also look forward to presenting updated umbralisib integrated safety data at the European Hematology Association (EHA) (Free EHA Whitepaper) annual congress in a couple of weeks, as well as the topline response rate data from the UNITY-CLL Phase 3 trial by the end of summer 2018."

Highlights from today’s presentation include the following:

Poster Presentation: KI Intolerance Study: A Phase 2 Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Umbralisib (TGR-1202) In Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Who Are Intolerant to Prior BTK or PI3K-delta Inhibitor Therapy (Abstract Number 4314)

This poster presentation includes data from patients with CLL who are intolerant to prior BTK or PI3K delta inhibitor therapy who were then treated with single agent umbralisib (TGR-1202). To be eligible for the study patients had to have received prior treatment with a BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib) or a PI3K delta inhibitor (idelalisib, duvelisib) and discontinued therapy due to intolerance within 12 months of starting treatment on this study. Forty-seven patients were evaluable for safety of which 46 were evaluable for Progression Free Survival (PFS), (1 patient had a confirmed Richter’s Transformation (RT) at enrollment which did not meet eligibility criteria).

Highlights from this poster include:

●Umbralisib demonstrated a favorable safety profile in patients intolerant to prior BTK or PI3K therapy
●Only 13% discontinued due to an adverse event, of which only one patient discontinued due to a recurrent adverse event (AE) also experienced with prior KI therapy
●Nodal reductions were seen in nearly all patients evaluable for response with 3 patients achieving complete resolution of nodal disease, of which 1 patient with 17p del achieved a bone marrow confirmed Complete Response (CR)
●Median progression free survival (PFS) has not been reached with a median follow-up of 9.5 months
●In this relapsed/refractory CLL population, of which 77% required treatment within 6 months of prior KI discontinuation, 68% had a high-risk molecular / genetic marker and 6% had an ibrutinib resistance mutation, significant clinical activity has been observed

PRESENTATION DETAILS
The above referenced presentation is now available on the Publications page, located within the Pipeline section, of the Company’s website at www.tgtherapeutics.com/publications.cfm.

On June 4, 2018 Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., (Kyowa Kirin) reported that additional analyses from the pivotal MAVORIC trial are being presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper), June 1-5, Chicago (Press release, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, JUN 4, 2018, View Source [SID1234527142]). MAVORIC was the open-label randomized multi-center phase 3 trial evaluated mogamulizumab versus vorinostat for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) after at least one prior systemic therapy. MF and SS are the most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

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Presentation title at the 2018 ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Congress:
Quality of life in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma subjects treated with anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab versus vorinostat: results from the Phase 3 MAVORIC trial [Abstract #7577; Poster #214; Monday, June 4, 8:00-11:30AM CDT]

Progression free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint; the results that demonstrated mogamulizumab had a clinically relevant and statistically significant increase in progression free survival over vorinostat have already been presented. Infusion reaction and rash were the most common adverse events associated with mogamulizumab. QOL measurements were secondary endpoints and included Skindex29 (SDX-29), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and EuroQol-5D. SDX-29 and FACT-G were reported in ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper).

"Quality of life may be severely impacted in patients living with CTCL, and the MAVORIC study included evaluation of the effect of both treatments on a range of QOL instruments," said Jeffrey S. Humphrey, M.D., President of Kyowa Kirin Development. "We are encouraged by the QOL data and look forward to working with investigators and patient advocates to further understand how mogamulizumab might help patients with MF and SS."

The Kyowa Hakko Kirin Group companies strive to contribute to the health and well-being of people around the world by creating new value through the pursuit of advances in life sciences and technologies.

About Mogamulizumab
Mogamulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4),
which is frequently expressed on leukemic cells of certain hematologic malignancies including CTCL. Mogamulizumab
was produced using Kyowa Hakko Kirin’s proprietary POTELLIGENT platform, which is associated with enhanced
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Mogamulizumab is an investigational product currently under review at
FDA and EMA.

About Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sézary Syndrome (SS)
MF and SS are the two most common subtypes of CTCL, a rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which is
characterized by localization of malignant T lymphocytes to the skin, and depending on the stage, the disease may
involve skin, blood, lymph nodes, and viscera.

News Release

About MAVORIC
MAVORIC is a Phase 3 open-label, multi-center, randomized study of mogamulizumab versus vorinostat in patients
with MF and SS who have failed at least one prior systemic treatment. The study was conducted in the U.S.,Europe,
Japan and Australia, and randomized 372 patients to receive either mogamulizumab or vorinostat.