On April 15, 2019 CStone Pharmaceuticals ("CStone"; HKEX: 2616) reported that the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) recently approved the initiation of a Phase I/II clinical trial in China evaluating avapritinib, a drug candidate discovered by the company’s partner Blueprint Medicines, in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (Press release, CStone Pharmaceauticals, APR 15, 2019, View Source [SID1234535138]). This is a stand-alone bridging trial consisting of a Phase I dose-escalation study and Phase II dose-expansion study, with the aim of determining the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of avapritinib in Chinese patients.
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GIST, which is classified as a rare disease, is a sarcoma most commonly found in the stomach wall or small intestine, and accounts for about 0.1 to 3.0 percent of all gastrointestinal malignant diseases. GIST is typically diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 80. Approximately 90 percent of GIST cases are linked to mutations that produce over-activation of the KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinases, resulting in deregulated cell growth.
Avapritinib has been shown to have broad inhibitory effects on KIT and PDGFRA-driven (primary including D842V mutation) GIST. In January 2019, Blueprint Medicines reported top-line data from the NAVIGATOR Phase 1 clinical trial of avapritinib in patients with advanced GIST, as of a data cutoff date of November 16, 2018.
In 43 patients with PDGFRA Exon 18 mutant GIST treated with a starting dose of 300 or 400 mg once daily (QD), the overall response rate (ORR) was 86 percent (one response pending confirmation). Median duration of response (DOR) was not reached.
In 111 patients with fourth-line or later GIST treated with a starting dose of 300 or 400 mg QD, the ORR was 22 percent (one response pending confirmation). Median DOR was 10.2 months.
Top-line safety results were consistent with those previously reported. Avapritinib was well-tolerated, and most adverse events reported by investigators were Grade 1 or 2. Across all doses (n=237), only 23 patients (9.7 percent) discontinued treatment with avapritinib due to treatment-related adverse events.
In June 2018, CStone and Blueprint Medicines entered into a license and collaboration agreement in which Blueprint Medicines granted exclusive rights to develop and commercialize three drug candidates, including avapritinib, in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. Blueprint Medicines retains development and commercial rights for avapritinib in the rest of the world.
CStone Chairman and CEO Dr. Frank Jiang commented: "Avapritinib has been granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation by the U.S. FDA based on the treatment’s promising data. Currently there are no approved drugs that target the PDGFRA D842V mutation. We hope to leverage the data that will be submitted to the U.S. FDA by Blueprint Medicines and the bridging study results to support an NDA submission in China."
"In February this year, we announced receiving approval for the China arm of the global Phase III VOYAGER clinical trial for avapritinib as a third- or fourth-line therapy in KIT and PDGFRA-driven GIST. We are delighted to receive approval for avapritinib to enter a Phase I/II bridging study, and hope to discover more about this product’s potential in the clinic," said CStone Chief Medical Officer Dr. Jason Yang.
About Avapritinib
Avapritinib is a potent and selective oral inhibitor of KIT and PDGFRA mutant kinases. It is a type 1 inhibitor designed to target the active kinase conformation; all oncogenic kinases signal via this conformation. Avapritinib has demonstrated broad inhibition of KIT and PDGFRA mutations associated with GIST, and the most potent activity against activation loop mutations, which currently approved therapies for GIST do not inhibit. In contrast with existing multi-kinase inhibitors, avapritinib has shown marked selectivity for KIT and PDGFRA over other kinases. In addition, avapritinib is uniquely designed to selectively bind and inhibit D816V mutant KIT, the primary driver of disease in approximately 95 percent of all systemic mastocytosis (SM) patients. Preclinical studies have shown avapritinib potently inhibited KIT D816V at sub-nanomolar potencies with minimal off-target activity.
Blueprint Medicines is initially developing avapritinib, an investigational medicine, for the treatment of advanced GIST, advanced SM, and indolent and smoldering SM. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted avapritinib two Breakthrough Therapy Designations, one for the treatment of PDGFRA D842V-driven GIST and one for advanced SM.