On March 1, 2017 Amgen (NASDAQ:AMGN) reported that new data from the KYPROLIS (carfilzomib) and XGEVA (denosumab) clinical development programs will be presented at the 16th International Myeloma Workshop (IMW), March 1-4, 2017, in New Delhi (Press release, Amgen, MAR 1, 2017, View Source [SID1234517922]).

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Highlighted presentations include detailed results from the planned overall survival (OS) interim analysis of the Phase 3 head-to-head ENDEAVOR trial which showed that patients treated with KYPROLIS and dexamethasone lived longer than those treated with Velcade (bortezomib) and dexamethasone, as well as detailed results from the Phase 3 study in which XGEVA demonstrated non-inferiority to zoledronic acid in delaying bone complications in patients with multiple myeloma.

"Amgen is committed to advancing innovative treatments for patients with multiple myeloma across the disease continuum, including treatments to help patients live longer and supportive therapies that may help to address its impact," said Sean E. Harper, M.D., executive vice president of Research and Development at Amgen. "We look forward to sharing new data on KYPROLIS, demonstrating for the first time an overall survival benefit in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma over a current standard of care regimen, along with XGEVA data, showing its potential as a novel agent in preventing bone complications in multiple myeloma patients."

Detailed results will be presented from the Phase 3 ENDEAVOR study which showed that KYPROLIS improved OS in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Overall Survival of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma Treated with Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone versus Bortezomib and Dexamethasone: Interim Analysis from the Randomized Phase 3 ENDEAVOR Trial
Late-Breaking Oral Presentation, Saturday, March 4, 7:30 a.m. – 8:30 a.m. IST, at Hotel Pullman New Delhi Aerocity, Peacock Ballroom.
Adverse events observed in this updated analysis were consistent with those previously reported for ENDEAVOR. The most common adverse events (greater than or equal to 20 percent) in the KYPROLIS arm were anemia, diarrhea, pyrexia, dyspnea, fatigue, hypertension, cough, insomnia, upper respiratory tract infection, peripheral edema, nausea, bronchitis, asthenia, back pain, thrombocytopenia and headache.

Detailed results will be presented from the Phase 3 ‘482 trial that demonstrated XGEVA was non-inferior to zoledronic acid in delaying the time to first on-study skeletal-related event (SRE) in patients with multiple myeloma. These data are being shared with regulatory authorities worldwide to seek approval for this investigational use. XGEVA is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes RANK ligand (RANKL) – an essential mediator of osteoclast formation, activation and survival – thereby inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone destruction.

An International, Randomized, Double Blind Trial Comparing Denosumab With Zoledronic Acid (ZA) for the Treatment of Bone Disease in Patients (Pts) With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Abstract #546, Late-Breaking Oral Presentation, Saturday, March 4, 8:15 a.m. – 8:30 a.m. IST, at Hotel Pullman New Delhi Aerocity, Peacock Ballroom.
Additional KYPROLIS abstracts at IMW include new sub-analyses from the ASPIRE, ENDEAVOR and CHAMPION clinical trial programs, as well as results from the CLARION study. These results provide further insights into the safety and efficacy of KYPROLIS in different combinations and patient groups.

Updated Results from ASPIRE and ENDEAVOR, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Phase 3 Studies of Carfilzomib in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)
Abstract #335, Poster Discussion, Friday, March 3, 6 p.m. – 7 p.m. IST, at JW Marriott Hotel New Delhi Aerocity, Crystal Ballroom 1-2.
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Secondary Analysis from the CHAMPION-1 Study by Prior Lines of Therapy
Abstract #285, Poster Session, Thursday, March 2, 7 a.m. – 6 p.m. IST, at JW Marriott Hotel New Delhi Aerocity, Crystal Ballroom 1-2.
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase 1b Study of Carfilzomib, Cyclophosphamide, and Dexamethasone in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients (CHAMPION-2)
Abstract #210, Oral Presentation, Thursday, March 2, 3:04 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. IST, at Hotel Pullman New Delhi Aerocity, Peacock Ballroom.
Phase 3 Study (CLARION) of Carfilzomib, Melphalan, Prednisone (KMP) versus Bortezomib, Melphalan, Prednisone (VMP) in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM)
Abstract #373, Late-Breaking Oral Presentation, Saturday, March 4, 7:45 a.m. – 8 a.m. IST, at Hotel Pullman New Delhi Aerocity, Peacock Ballroom.
KYPROLIS is the only proteasome inhibitor to show superior OS in a head-to-head trial with a standard of care regimen, and superior progression-free survival in two Phase 3 studies in relapsed multiple myeloma patients. KYPROLIS is available for patients whose myeloma has relapsed or become resistant to another treatment.

Abstracts are currently available on the IMW website.

About Multiple Myeloma and Bone Complications
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic cancer, and it develops in plasma cells located in the bone microenvironment.1,2 It is characterized by a recurring pattern of remission and relapse, with patients eventually becoming refractory to treatment.3 Each year an estimated 114,000 new cases of multiple myeloma are diagnosed worldwide, resulting in more than 80,000 deaths per year.1

Osteolytic bone lesions accompany multiple myeloma and are part of diagnosis (CRAB criteria). These lesions can increase the risk of bone complications over the course of the disease.4,5 Bone complications, also known as SREs, are defined as radiation to bone, pathologic fracture, surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression.

About Amgen’s Commitment to Oncology
Amgen Oncology is committed to helping patients take on some of the toughest cancers, such as those that have been resistant to drugs, those that progress rapidly through the body and those where limited treatment options exist. Amgen’s supportive care treatments help patients combat certain side effects of strong chemotherapy, and our targeted medicines and immunotherapies focus on more than a dozen different malignancies, ranging from blood cancers to solid tumors. With decades of experience providing therapies for cancer patients, Amgen continues to grow its portfolio of innovative and biosimilar oncology medicines.

About XGEVA (denosumab)
XGEVA targets the RANKL pathway to prevent the formation, function and survival of osteoclasts, which break down bone. XGEVA is indicated for the prevention of SREs in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors and for treatment of adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumor of bone that is unresectable or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity. XGEVA is also indicated in the United States (U.S.) for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy refractory to bisphosphonate therapy. XGEVA is not indicated for the prevention of SREs in patients with multiple myeloma.

U.S. Important Safety Information

Hypocalcemia
Pre-existing hypocalcemia must be corrected prior to initiating therapy with XGEVA. XGEVA can cause severe symptomatic hypocalcemia, and fatal cases have been reported. Monitor calcium levels, especially in the first weeks of initiating therapy, and administer calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D as necessary. Monitor levels more frequently when XGEVA is administered with other drugs that can also lower calcium levels. Advise patients to contact a healthcare professional for symptoms of hypocalcemia.

An increased risk of hypocalcemia has been observed in clinical trials of patients with increasing renal dysfunction, most commonly with severe dysfunction (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/minute and/or on dialysis), and with inadequate/no calcium supplementation. Monitor calcium levels and calcium and vitamin D intake.

Hypersensitivity
XGEVA is contraindicated in patients with known clinically significant hypersensitivity to XGEVA, including anaphylaxis that has been reported with use of XGEVA. If an anaphylactic or other clinically significant allergic reaction occurs, initiate appropriate therapy and discontinue XGEVA therapy permanently.

Drug Products with Same Active Ingredient
Patients receiving XGEVA should not take Prolia (denosumab).

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has occurred in patients receiving XGEVA, manifesting as jaw pain, osteomyelitis, osteitis, bone erosion, tooth or periodontal infection, toothache, gingival ulceration, or gingival erosion. Persistent pain or slow healing of the mouth or jaw after dental surgery may also be manifestations of ONJ. In clinical trials in patients with osseous metastasis, the incidence of ONJ was higher with longer duration of exposure.

Patients with a history of tooth extraction, poor oral hygiene, or use of a dental appliance are at a greater risk to develop ONJ. Other risk factors for the development of ONJ include immunosuppressive therapy, treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors, systemic corticosteroid, diabetes, and gingival infections.

Perform an oral examination and appropriate preventive dentistry prior to the initiation of XGEVA and periodically during XGEVA therapy. Advise patients regarding oral hygiene practices. Avoid invasive dental procedures during treatment with XGEVA. Consider temporarily interrupting XGEVA therapy if an invasive dental procedure must be performed.

Patients who are suspected of having or who develop ONJ while on XGEVA should receive care by a dentist or an oral surgeon. In these patients, extensive dental surgery to treat ONJ may exacerbate the condition.

Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fracture
Atypical femoral fracture has been reported with XGEVA. These fractures can occur anywhere in the femoral shaft from just below the lesser trochanter to above the supracondylar flare and are transverse or short oblique in orientation without evidence of comminution.

Atypical femoral fractures most commonly occur with minimal or no trauma to the affected area. They may be bilateral and many patients report prodromal pain in the affected area, usually presenting as dull, aching thigh pain, weeks to months before a complete fracture occurs. A number of reports note that patients were also receiving treatment with glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisone) at the time of fracture. During XGEVA treatment, patients should be advised to report new or unusual thigh, hip, or groin pain. Patient presenting with an atypical femur fracture should also be assessed for symptoms and signs of fracture in the contralateral limb. Interruption of XGEVA therapy should be considered, pending a risk/benefit assessment, on an individual basis.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
XGEVA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Based on findings in animals, XGEVA is expected to result in adverse reproductive effects. Advise females of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during therapy, and for at least five months after the last dose of XGEVA. Apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus if XGEVA is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while patients are exposed to XGEVA.

Adverse Reactions
The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving XGEVA with bone metastasis from solid tumors were fatigue/asthenia, hypophosphatemia, and nausea. The most common serious adverse reaction was dyspnea.

The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving XGEVA for giant cell tumor of bone were arthralgia, headache, nausea, back pain, fatigue, and pain in extremity. The most common serious adverse reactions were osteonecrosis of the jaw and osteomyelitis. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of XGEVA were osteonecrosis of the jaw and tooth abscess or tooth infection.

The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving XGEVA for hypercalcemia of malignancy were nausea, dyspnea, decreased appetite, headache, peripheral edema, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea.

Denosumab is also marketed as Prolia in other indications.

Please visit www.amgen.com or www.xgeva.com for Full U.S. Prescribing Information.

About KYPROLIS (carfilzomib)
Proteasomes play an important role in cell function and growth by breaking down proteins that are damaged or no longer needed. KYPROLIS has been shown to block proteasomes, leading to an excessive build-up of proteins within cells. In some cells, KYPROLIS can cause cell death, especially in myeloma cells because they are more likely to contain a higher amount of abnormal proteins.

KYPROLIS is approved in the U.S. for the following:

In combination with dexamethasone or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one to three lines of therapy.
As a single agent for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one or more lines of therapy.
KYPROLIS is also approved in Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Macao, Mexico, Thailand, Colombia, S. Korea, Canada, Qatar, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Russia, Brazil, India and the European Union. Additional regulatory applications for KYPROLIS are underway and have been submitted to health authorities worldwide.

For more U.S. information, please visit www.kyprolis.com.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Cardiac Toxicities

New onset or worsening of pre-existing cardiac failure (e.g., congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, decreased ejection fraction), restrictive cardiomyopathy, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction including fatalities have occurred following administration of KYPROLIS. Some events occurred in patients with normal baseline ventricular function. Death due to cardiac arrest has occurred within one day of KYPROLIS administration.
Monitor patients for clinical signs or symptoms of cardiac failure or cardiac ischemia. Evaluate promptly if cardiac toxicity is suspected. Withhold KYPROLIS for Grade 3 or 4 cardiac adverse events until recovery, and consider whether to restart KYPROLIS at 1 dose level reduction based on a benefit/risk assessment.
While adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, monitor all patients for evidence of volume overload, especially patients at risk for cardiac failure. Adjust total fluid intake as clinically appropriate in patients with baseline cardiac failure or who are at risk for cardiac failure.
Patients ≥ 75 years, the risk of cardiac failure is increased. Patients with New York Heart Association Class III and IV heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, conduction abnormalities, angina, or arrhythmias may be at greater risk for cardiac complications and should have a comprehensive medical assessment (including blood pressure and fluid management) prior to starting treatment with KYPROLIS and remain under close follow-up.
Acute Renal Failure

Cases of acute renal failure and renal insufficiency adverse events (including renal failure) have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS. Acute renal failure was reported more frequently in patients with advanced relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who received KYPROLIS monotherapy. Monitor renal function with regular measurement of the serum creatinine and/or estimated creatinine clearance. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Cases of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), including fatal outcomes, have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS. Patients with multiple myeloma and a high tumor burden should be considered at greater risk for TLS. Adequate hydration is required prior to each dose in Cycle 1, and in subsequent cycles as needed. Consider uric acid lowering drugs in patients at risk for TLS. Monitor for evidence of TLS during treatment and manage promptly. Withhold KYPROLIS until TLS is resolved.
Pulmonary Toxicity

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), acute respiratory failure, and acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease such as pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS. Some events have been fatal. In the event of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, discontinue KYPROLIS.
Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was reported in patients treated with KYPROLIS. Evaluate with cardiac imaging and/or other tests as indicated. Withhold KYPROLIS for PAH until resolved or returned to baseline and consider whether to restart KYPROLIS based on a benefit/risk assessment.
Dyspnea

Dyspnea was reported in patients treated with KYPROLIS. Evaluate dyspnea to exclude cardiopulmonary conditions including cardiac failure and pulmonary syndromes. Stop KYPROLIS for Grade 3 or 4 dyspnea until resolved or returned to baseline. Consider whether to restart KYPROLIS based on a benefit/risk assessment.
Hypertension

Hypertension, including hypertensive crisis and hypertensive emergency, has been observed with KYPROLIS. Some of these events have been fatal. Monitor blood pressure regularly in all patients. If hypertension cannot be adequately controlled, withhold KYPROLIS and evaluate. Consider whether to restart KYPROLIS based on a benefit/risk assessment.
Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolic events (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) have been observed with KYPROLIS. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for patients being treated with the combination of KYPROLIS with dexamethasone or with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. The thromboprophylaxis regimen should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks.
Patients using oral contraceptives or a hormonal method of contraception associated with a risk of thrombosis should consider an alternative method of effective contraception during treatment with KYPROLIS in combination with dexamethasone or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone.
Infusion Reactions

Infusion reactions, including life-threatening reactions, have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS.
Symptoms include fever, chills, arthralgia, myalgia, facial flushing, facial edema, vomiting, weakness, shortness of breath, hypotension, syncope, chest tightness, or angina. These reactions can occur immediately following or up to 24 hours after administration of KYPROLIS. Premedicate with dexamethasone to reduce the incidence and severity of infusion reactions. Inform patients of the risk and of symptoms of an infusion reaction and to contact a physician immediately if they occur.
Hemorrhage

Fatal or serious cases of hemorrhage have been reported in patients receiving KYPROLIS. Hemorrhagic events have included gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and intracranial hemorrhage and epistaxis. Promptly evaluate signs and symptoms of blood loss. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.
Thrombocytopenia

KYPROLIS causes thrombocytopenia with recovery to baseline platelet count usually by the start of the next cycle. Thrombocytopenia was reported in patients receiving KYPROLIS. Monitor platelet counts frequently during treatment with KYPROLIS. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.
Hepatic Toxicity and Hepatic Failure

Cases of hepatic failure, including fatal cases, have been reported during treatment with KYPROLIS. KYPROLIS can cause increased serum transaminases. Monitor liver enzymes regularly regardless of baseline values. Reduce or withhold dose as appropriate.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), including fatal outcome have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS. Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS. Discontinue KYPROLIS if diagnosis is suspected. If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, KYPROLIS may be restarted. The safety of reinitiating KYPROLIS therapy in patients previously experiencing TTP/HUS is not known.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

Cases of PRES have occurred in patients receiving KYPROLIS. PRES was formerly known as Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome. Consider a neuro-radiological imaging (MRI) for onset of visual or neurological symptoms. Discontinue KYPROLIS if PRES is suspected and evaluate. The safety of reinitiating KYPROLIS therapy in patients previously experiencing PRES is not known.
Embryo-fetal Toxicity

KYPROLIS can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action and findings in animals.
Females of reproductive potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with KYPROLIS. Males of reproductive potential should be advised to avoid fathering a child while being treated with KYPROLIS. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if pregnancy occurs while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients treated with KYPROLIS in the combination therapy trials: anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, pyrexia, insomnia, muscle spasm, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, hypokalemia.
The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of patients treated with KYPROLIS in monotherapy trials: anemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, nausea, pyrexia, dyspnea, diarrhea, headache, cough, edema peripheral.
Please see full prescribing information at www.kyprolis.com.

On March 1, 2017 Aduro Biotech, Inc. (NASDAQ:ADRO) reported financial results for the year ended December 31, 2016 (Press release, Aduro Biotech, MAR 1, 2017, View Source [SID1234517919]). Net loss for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2016 was $29.6 million, or $0.44 per share, and $91.1 million, or $1.40 per share, respectively. This compared to net income of $3.1 million, or $0.05 per share, and net loss of $39.2 million, or $0.88 per share, respectively, for the same periods in 2015.

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Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $361.9 million at December 31, 2016, compared to $431.0 million at December 31, 2015.

"In 2016, we made a number of advancements to position us as a leader in the discovery and development of immunotherapies, and in 2017, we expect to have multiple agents across all three of our platforms advancing through the clinic," said Stephen T. Isaacs, chairman, president and chief executive officer of Aduro. "With a diversified and robust pipeline, strong cash position and validating pharmaceutical partnerships for each of our technologies, we believe we are poised to bring innovative therapies to patients."

Key 2016 Accomplishments

Development achievements

Unprecedented disease control rate in Phase 1b mesothelioma trial presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) annual meeting
First patient dosed in a Phase 1 study of ADU-S100, the first STING Pathway Activator compound to enter the clinic, for treatment of cutaneously accessible tumors and receipt of $35 million development milestone from Novartis
Preclinical data demonstrated acute and systemic immune activation with ADU-S100
Anti-CD27 agonist advancing through preclinical development towards the clinic under licensing agreement with Merck
Preclinical data presented supporting clinical development of anti-APRIL antibody in multiple myeloma
Personalized LADD therapy (pLADD) featured in an oral presentation at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) (Free SITC Whitepaper) (STIC) meeting
Investigational New Drug application cleared for pLADD clinical development
Preclinical data demonstrated synergy of Aduro’s immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitors
Corporate achievements and notable news

Steve Isaacs named 2016 Visionary Leader by Berkeley Chamber of Commerce
Oncology expert and industry veteran Natalie Sacks, M.D. joined as chief medical officer
Hans van Eenennaam, Ph.D., and John Dulos, Ph.D., honored with award for contributions in discovery of KEYTRUDA
Launched industry-leading Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Research Initiative with U.C. Berkeley
Expanded patent portfolio with key composition and methods patents
Anticipated 2017 Milestones

Initiate Phase 2 mesothelioma trial with CRS-207 in combination with anti-PD1 in the first half of 2017 and report early results in the second half of 2017
Initiate Phase 2 gastric trial with CRS-207 in combination with anti-PD1 in the first half of 2017
Initiate Phase 1 pLADD trial in advanced gastro-intestinal cancers in the second half of 2017
Janssen to assess data from Phase 1 trial of ADU-741 in prostate cancer
Janssen expected to initiate Phase 1b/2 trial of ADU-214 in lung cancer in the second half of 2017
Report top-line findings from Phase 1 monotherapy trial of ADU-S100 (STING) in the second half of 2017
In collaboration with Novartis, initiate Phase 1b trial of ADU-S100 in combination with anti-PD1 in the second half of 2017
File Investigational New Drug Application for BION-1301, anti-APRIL antibody, in the second half of 2017
Initiate Phase 1 multiple myeloma trial with anti-APRIL antibody in the second half of 2017
Financial Performance

Revenues were $3.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and $50.7 million for the full year 2016, compared to $34.4 million and $73.0 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2015. The decrease in revenue for the fourth quarter of 2016 was primarily due to recognition of milestones and a portion of upfront fees under Aduro’s research and license agreements with Janssen in 2015. The decrease in revenue for the full year 2016 was also due to recognition of milestones and a portion of upfront fees under the Janssen agreements in 2015 partially offset by a $35.0 million payment recognized in 2016 upon achievement of a milestone under Aduro’s collaboration and license agreement with Novartis.

Research and development expenses were $20.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and $87.7 million for the full year 2016, compared to $22.7 million and $58.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2015. The decrease in research and development expenses for the fourth quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher licensing fees paid in 2015. The increase in research and development expenses for the full year 2016 was primarily due to contract manufacturing and research expenses associated with our ongoing studies and increased personnel and facility-related costs.

General and administrative expenses were $8.0 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and $34.3 million for the full year 2016, compared to $8.8 million and $27.8 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2015. The decrease in general and administrative expenses for the fourth quarter of 2016 was primarily due to lower professional fees in 2016. The increase in general and administrative expenses for the full year 2016 was primarily due to higher personnel and facility related costs. There was no loss from remeasurement of fair value of warrants during the fourth quarter or full year 2016. There was a $26.1 million loss from remeasurement of fair value of warrants in the full year 2015 that occurred in April 2015 when certain outstanding warrants were no longer subject to future remeasurement.

Provision for income taxes was $5.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2016 and $21.5 million for the full year 2016. There was no provision for income taxes for the comparable periods in 2015. The income tax expense recorded for the fourth quarter and full year 2016 was primarily related to current and deferred federal income taxes.

On March 1, 2017 ImmunoGen, Inc. (Nasdaq: IMGN), a leader in the expanding field of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of cancer, reported that nine abstracts highlighting the breath of the Company’s expertise in ADCs will be presented at the upcoming American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting to be held from April 1-5, 2017 in Washington D.C (Press release, ImmunoGen, MAR 1, 2017, View Source [SID1234517918]). The presentations at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) cover a wide-array of ADC innovations, including further advancements to linkers and payloads and novel targets for both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

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"ImmunoGen has an unmatched expertise and understanding of the core components of ADCs and the data being presented at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) further validate our full-spectrum of knowledge and leadership in this space," said Richard Gregory, Ph.D., ImmunoGen’s chief scientific officer. "ImmunoGen will be presenting nine abstracts at the conference with preclinical data demonstrating technology advances that will enable us to continue to drive innovation in ADC approaches."

ImmunoGen presentations at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) relate to:

Platform linker and payload innovations

Title: Comparison of site-specific and lysine-linked indolino-benzodiazepine antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) – abstract # 75

While site-specific conjugation can lead to improved efficacy and tolerability, the advantages and disadvantages of site-specific conjugation should be carefully considered for every ADC candidate.
Title: Bystander activity and in vivo efficacy of a folate receptor α (FRα)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate with a novel peptide linker – abstract # 71

Folate receptor (FRα) is an antigen that is overexpressed on the cell surface of solid tumors including ovarian cancer. M9346A-NL-DM is a novel ADC, employing a new linker, with enhanced bystander activity and anti-tumor activity that can target tumors with heterogeneous expression of FRα.
Title: Peptide-cleavable maytansinoid (ADCs) induce high bystander killing leading to improved anti-tumor activity in vivo – abstract # 2186

A new promising type of maytansinoid ADC provides a high degree of bystander killing, improved activity in tumor models in vivo, and has a differentiated mechanism of metabolite release.
Title: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) of peptide-linked Indolino-Benzodiazepine (IGN) DNA-alkylator provides improved anti-tumor activity over that of a crosslinker – abstract # 53

Preclinical research shows that DNA-alkylating IGNs provide improved anti-tumor activity over that of a DNA-crosslinking ADC.
Preclinical research focused on novel targets

Title: Novel antibody-drug conjugates targeting ADAM9-expressing solid tumors demonstrate potent preclinical activity – abstract #37

ADAM9 is a promising cell surface target for antibody-drug conjugate development that is overexpressed in multiple solid tumor indications relative to corresponding normal tissues.
Title: Target validation, antibody discovery and preclinical data supporting ADAM9 as an antibody-drug conjugate therapeutic target for solid tumors – abstract #38

These data demonstrate that anti-ADAM9 ADCs exhibit antitumor activity against a broad panel of ADAM9-positive malignancies and cause durable remissions in preclinical models at doses expected to be clinically achievable. Anti-ADAM9 ADCs represent a promising therapeutic strategy to a wide range of ADAM9-expressing tumors.
Title: In vitro and in vivo activity of a novel c-Met-targeting antibody-drug conjugate using a DNA-alkylating, indolinobenzodiazepine payload – abstract #45

cMet dysregulation and/or overexpression are associated with tumor progression, metastasis and poor prognosis in numerous cancers. An anti-cMet antibody conjugated with the payload DGN549 exhibits compelling, c-Met targeted anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy to deliver a potent cytotoxic agent to tumor cells bearing a wide range of c-Met expression.
Preclinical research focused on B-cell targets

Title: A novel CD19-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, huB4-DGN462, shows promising in vitro and in vivo activity in CD19-positive lymphoma models – abstract #2651

CD19 is a cell surface membrane protein expressed in most mature and immature B cell neoplasms, which make it a promising target for ADC therapy for B cell malignancies. A novel CD19-targeting ADC presents strong preclinical anti-lymphoma activity.
Title: Increased internalization and processing of the CD37-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, naratuximab emtansine (IMGN529), in the presence of rituximab leads to enhanced potency in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma models – abstract #1073

Data show enhanced activity of rituximab plus IMGN529 combination in DLBCL models, supporting the clinical development of this combination.
Additional information – including presentation schedule and full abstracts – can be found at www.aacr.org.

On March 1, 2017 Amgen (NASDAQ:AMGN) reported the New England Journal of Medicine published results from the Phase 3 TOWER study evaluating the efficacy of BLINCYTO (blinatumomab) versus standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy in high-risk adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one of the most aggressive B-cell malignancies (Press release, Amgen, MAR 1, 2017, View Source [SID1234517917]). Results from the analysis showed that median overall survival (OS) was 7.7 months (95 percent CI: 5.6, 9.6) for BLINCYTO versus four months (95 percent CI: 2.9, 5.3) for SOC (hazard ratio [HR] for death=0.71; p=0.012).

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The TOWER study is the confirmatory study for the Phase 2 trial that supported the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) accelerated approval designation for BLINCYTO in 2014.

BLINCYTO is a bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T cell engager (BiTE) antibody construct. It is the first bispecific antibody construct from Amgen’s BiTE platform, which helps the body’s immune system target cancer cells and represents an entirely new area of oncology research. BiTE antibody constructs are currently being investigated for their potential to treat a wide variety of cancers.

"Historically, patients with relapsed or refractory ALL have a poor prognosis, with an overall survival of just four months on standard of care chemotherapy," said Max S. Topp, M.D., professor and head of Hematology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany. "Findings from this head-to-head study showed that BLINCYTO almost doubled the median overall survival from four to 7.7 months, offering these high-risk patients a much needed alternative to chemotherapy that is both innovative and effective."

The survival benefit for BLINCYTO was independent of allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT), as the median OS, censored at the time of alloSCT, was 6.9 months for BLINCYTO versus 3.9 months for SOC. Improvement in OS was generally consistent regardless of age, prior salvage therapy or prior alloSCT. The magnitude of this benefit appeared greatest in earlier lines of salvage. Neutropenia and infection greater than or equal to Grade 3 appeared less frequently with BLINCYTO compared to SOC, while neurological events appeared at a similar rate between arms.

"Adults with Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL are in critical need of new treatment options," said Hagop M. Kantarjian, M.D., professor and chair of the Department of Leukemia at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. "Results from the TOWER study reinforce the potential of this single agent bispecific T cell engager immunotherapy, which helped a higher percentage of patients achieve minimal residual disease response versus standard of care chemotherapy, highlighting the depth and quality of remissions achieved."

Evaluation of key secondary endpoints showed that remission rates were also higher for BLINCYTO versus SOC. In the BLINCYTO group, 34 percent of patients achieved complete remission versus 16 percent in the SOC group. Patients receiving BLINCYTO also had a higher rate of combined complete remission or complete remission with partial or incomplete hematologic recovery (44 percent versus 25 percent).

Among patients with complete remission or complete remission with partial or incomplete hematologic recovery, 76 percent in the BLINCYTO group versus 48 percent in the SOC group achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negative status, a measure of eradication of residual disease at the molecular level. Also among these patients, the median duration of remission was 7.3 months in the BLINCYTO group versus 4.6 months in the SOC group. For the key secondary efficacy endpoint of event-free survival, six month estimates in the BLINCYTO and chemotherapy groups were 30.7 percent and 12.5 percent, and the HR was 0.55 (95 percent CI: 0.43, 0.71), favoring BLINCYTO.

"As the first study of an immunotherapy to demonstrate overall survival benefit in adult patients with Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL, TOWER represents an important advance in the understanding of this aggressive, ultra-orphan disease," said Sean E. Harper, M.D., executive vice president of Research and Development at Amgen. "As demonstrated by the data published today in the New England Journal of Medicine, BLINCYTO has proven to improve overall survival, extend remission rates and reduce minimal residual disease in these high-risk patients who previously have had limited effective options."

Safety results among subjects who received BLINCYTO were comparable to those seen in the Phase 2 studies in adult patients with Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. For the most common adverse events (greater than or equal to 10 percent incidence rate) in the BLINCYTO arm, only three events (cough, pyrexia, cytokine release syndrome) occurred at an incidence rate that was at least 5 percent higher for BLINCYTO compared to SOC chemotherapy.

ALL is a rare and rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow.1,2 Adult patients diagnosed with Ph- B-cell precursor ALL are often young, with a median age at diagnosis of 34-39.3,4 Currently, there is no broadly accepted standard treatment regimen for adult patients with relapsed or refractory ALL beyond chemotherapy.5 Adults with relapsed or refractory ALL typically have a very poor prognosis, with a median OS of three to five months.6

About the TOWER Study
The TOWER study was a Phase 3, randomized, open-label study investigating the efficacy of BLINCYTO versus SOC chemotherapy in 405 adult patients with Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive BLINCYTO (n=271) or treatment with investigator choice of one of four protocol-defined SOC chemotherapy regimens (n=134). The primary endpoint was OS. Key secondary endpoints included complete remission within 12 weeks, the combined endpoint of complete remission plus complete remission with partial or incomplete hematologic recovery and event-free survival. Other secondary endpoints included remission duration, MRD remission (<10–4), alloSCT rate and adverse event rates.

The TOWER study is the confirmatory trial for BLINCYTO. Click here to read about the trial on ClinicalTrials.gov.

About Adult ALL
In the United States (U.S.), the incidence of adult ALL is approximately 0.9 per 100,000 persons per year.7 The incidence of adult ALL in European countries is generally between 0.6 to 0.9 per 100,000 persons per year.7 In adult ALL, approximately 75 percent is B-cell precursor ALL, of which 75-80 percent is Ph- and roughly half will be refractory to treatment or experience relapse.7 In the U.S., the incidence of adult Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL was approximately 650 patients in 2015 and in the European Union (EU), the estimated incidence is approximately 1,200 patients per year.7,8

About BLINCYTO (blinatumomab)
BLINCYTO is a bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T cell engager (BiTE) antibody construct that binds specifically to CD19 expressed on the surface of cells of B-lineage origin and CD3 expressed on the surface of T cells.

BLINCYTO was granted breakthrough therapy and priority review designations by the FDA, and is now approved in the U.S. for the treatment of Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL. This indication is approved under accelerated approval. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification of clinical benefit in subsequent trials.

In November 2015, BLINCYTO was granted conditional marketing authorization in the EU for the treatment of adults with Ph- relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL.

About BiTE Technology
Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) antibody constructs are a type of immunotherapy being investigated for fighting cancer by helping the body’s immune system to detect and target malignant cells. The modified antibodies are designed to engage two different targets simultaneously, thereby juxtaposing T cells (a type of white blood cell capable of killing other cells perceived as threats) to cancer cells. BiTE antibody constructs help place the T cells within reach of the targeted cell, with the intent of allowing T cells to inject toxins and trigger the cancer cell to die (apoptosis). BiTE antibody constructs are currently being investigated for their potential to treat a wide variety of cancers. For more information, visit www.biteantibodies.com.

BLINCYTO U.S. Product Safety Information

Important Safety Information Regarding BLINCYTO (blinatumomab) U.S. Indication

WARNING: CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME and NEUROLOGICAL TOXICITIES

Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as recommended.
Neurological toxicities, which may be severe, life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as recommended.
Contraindications
BLINCYTO is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to blinatumomab or to any component of the product formulation.

Warnings and Precautions

Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): CRS, which may be life-threatening or fatal, occurred in patients receiving BLINCYTO. Infusion reactions have occurred and may be clinically indistinguishable from manifestations of CRS. Closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serious events such as pyrexia, headache, nausea, asthenia, hypotension, increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), increased total bilirubin (TBILI), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), capillary leak syndrome (CLS), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS). Interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as outlined in the Prescribing Information (PI).
Neurological Toxicities: Approximately 64% of patients receiving BLINCYTO in clinical trials experienced neurological toxicities. The median time to onset of any neurological toxicity was 4 days. The most common (≥ 10%) manifestations of neurological toxicity were headache, tremor, dizziness, and altered state of consciousness. Severe, life-threatening, or fatal neurological toxicities occurred in approximately 17% of patients, including encephalopathy, convulsions, speech disorders, disturbances in consciousness, confusion and disorientation, and coordination and balance disorders. The neurological toxicity profile varied by age group. Monitor patients for signs or symptoms and interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as outlined in the PI.
Infections: Approximately 25% of patients receiving BLINCYTO experienced serious infections, some of which were life-threatening or fatal. Administer prophylactic antibiotics and employ surveillance testing as appropriate during treatment. Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of infection and treat appropriately, including interruption or discontinuation of BLINCYTO as needed.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS): TLS, which may be life-threatening or fatal, has been observed. Preventive measures, including pretreatment nontoxic cytoreduction and on-treatment hydration, should be used during BLINCYTO treatment. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of TLS and interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO as needed to manage these events.
Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia, including life-threatening cases, have been observed. Monitor appropriate laboratory parameters during BLINCYTO infusion and interrupt BLINCYTO if prolonged neutropenia occurs.
Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Due to the possibility of neurological events, including seizures, patients receiving BLINCYTO are at risk for loss of consciousness, and should be advised against driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery while BLINCYTO is being administered.
Elevated Liver Enzymes: Transient elevations in liver enzymes have been associated with BLINCYTO treatment with a median time to onset of 3 days. In patients receiving BLINCYTO, although the majority of these events were observed in the setting of CRS, some cases of elevated liver enzymes were observed outside the setting of CRS, with a median time to onset of 15 days. Grade 3 or greater elevations in liver enzymes occurred in 6% of patients outside the setting of CRS and resulted in treatment discontinuation in less than 1% of patients. Monitor ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and TBILI prior to the start of and during BLINCYTO treatment. BLINCYTO treatment should be interrupted if transaminases rise to > 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or if TBILI rises to > 3 times ULN.
Pancreatitis: Fatal pancreatitis has been reported in patients receiving BLINCYTO in combination with dexamethasone in clinical trials and the post-marketing setting. Evaluate patients who develop signs and symptoms of pancreatitis and interrupt or discontinue BLINCYTO and dexamethasone as needed.
Leukoencephalopathy: Although the clinical significance is unknown, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes showing leukoencephalopathy have been observed in patients receiving BLINCYTO, especially in patients previously treated with cranial irradiation and antileukemic chemotherapy.
Preparation and administration errors have occurred with BLINCYTO treatment. Follow instructions for preparation (including admixing) and administration in the PI strictly to minimize medication errors (including underdose and overdose).
Immunization: Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended for at least 2 weeks prior to the start of BLINCYTO treatment, during treatment, and until immune recovery following last cycle of BLINCYTO.
Adverse Reactions

The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) in the safety population studied in clinical trials were pyrexia (66%), headache (34%), nausea (27%), edema (26%), hypokalemia (26%), anemia (25%), febrile neutropenia (24%), neutropenia (22%), thrombocytopenia (20%), and abdominal pain (20%). The safety population included 225 patients weighing 45 kg or more and 57 patients weighing less than 45 kg. For some adverse reactions, there were differences in the incidence rates by age subgroup.
In patients weighing greater than or equal to 45 kg, serious adverse reactions were reported in 61% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 2%) included febrile neutropenia (9%), pyrexia (6%), sepsis (5%), pneumonia (5%), device-related infection (4%), neutropenia (3%), tremor (3%), overdose (3%), encephalopathy (3%), infection (2%), confusion (3%) and headache (2%).
In patients weighing less than 45 kg, serious adverse reactions were reported in 51% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 2%) included pyrexia (12%), febrile neutropenia (9%), cytokine release syndrome (4%), convulsion (4%), device-related infection (4%), hypoxia (4%), sepsis (4%), and overdose (4%).
U.S. Dosage and Administration Guidelines

BLINCYTO is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a constant flow rate using an infusion pump which should be programmable, lockable, non-elastomeric, and have an alarm.
It is very important that the instructions for preparation (including admixing) and administration provided in the full Prescribing Information are strictly followed to minimize medication errors (including underdose and overdose).
Please see full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNINGS and Medication Guide, for BLINCYTO at www.BLINCYTO.com.

Important EU Product Safety Information

This product is subject to additional monitoring in the EU and EEA. All suspected adverse reactions should be reported in accordance with the national reporting system.

The adverse reactions described in this section were identified in the pivotal clinical study (N=189).The most serious adverse reactions that may occur during blinatumomab treatment include: infections (31.7%), neurologic events (16.4%), neutropenia/febrile neutropenia (15.3%) cytokine release syndrome (0.5%), and tumor lysis syndrome (0.5%). The most common adverse reactions were: infusion-related reactions (67.2%), infections (63.0%), pyrexia (59.8%), headache (34.4%), febrile neutropenia (28%), peripheral edema (25.9%), nausea (24.3%), hypokalaemia (23.8%), constipation (20.6%), anaemia (20.1%), cough (18.5%), diarrhea (18.0%), tremor (17.5%), neutropenia (17.5%), abdominal pain (16.9%), insomnia (15.3%), fatigue (15.3%), and chills (15.3%).

Please refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics for full European prescribing information.

On March 1, 2017 Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: MACK) reported its fourth quarter and full year 2016 financial results for the period ended December 31, 2016 (Press release, Merrimack, MAR 1, 2017, View Source [SID1234517915]).

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Key Recent Events

As announced on January 8, 2017, Merrimack entered into an asset purchase and sale agreement with Ipsen S.A. under which Merrimack will sell ONIVYDE and its generic version of doxorubicin hydrochloride (HCI) liposome injection to Ipsen for up to $1.025 billion, plus up to $33.0 million in net milestone payments retained by Merrimack pursuant to Merrimack’s license and collaboration agreement with Shire. A special meeting of Merrimack’s stockholders is scheduled for March 30, 2017 to consider and vote on the asset sale. Merrimack anticipates completing the asset sale shortly after approval of the asset sale at the special meeting.
Merrimack also announced on January 8, 2017 the conclusion of a comprehensive pipeline review by its Board of Directors, which resulted in the identification of the three most promising clinical programs to focus its development efforts on going forward: MM-121, MM-141 and MM-310.
Merrimack appointed Dr. Richard Peters as President and Chief Executive Officer, effective February 6, 2017. Dr. Peters succeeded Gary Crocker, Chairman of the Board, who was serving as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer prior to Dr. Peters’ appointment.
"This is an exciting and important time for Merrimack as we are refocusing into an earlier-stage, R&D-focused biopharmaceutical company," said Dr. Peters. "The transaction with Ipsen, once completed, will allow for the immediate return of cash to stockholders, while also providing Merrimack with an infusion of capital that we believe will fund our streamlined oncology pipeline into the second half of 2019. We are confident that our clinical stage assets have the potential to benefit cancer patients around the world and drive Merrimack’s long-term success and stockholder value creation."

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2016 Financial Results

The following summarizes Merrimack’s financial results from the year ended December 31, 2016:

Aggregate research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016, when calculated in accordance with GAAP, were $241.6 million. This amount includes $35.5 million of milestone payments made to PharmaEngine. This corresponds to aggregate research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding milestone payments to PharmaEngine, a non-GAAP financial measure, of $206.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. As a result of Merrimack’s various cost control measures, these amounts are within the lowered GAAP and non-GAAP guidance ranges previously provided by Merrimack;
Product revenues from the commercial sale of ONIVYDE, net of discounts, allowances and reserves, were $53.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015;
License and collaboration revenues were $87.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $85.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This amount includes $40.0 million of substantive milestones achieved during the year ended December 31, 2016 under Merrimack’s license and collaboration agreement with Shire, compared to $20.0 million of substantive milestones achieved under this collaboration during the year ended December 31, 2015;
Restructuring expenses were $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and were related to the previously-announced 22% reduction in headcount that occurred in October 2016 as part of a major corporate restructuring with the objective of prioritizing Merrimack’s research and development on a focused set of systems biology-derived oncology products and strengthening its financing runway;
Interest expense was $43.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This $24.4 million increase was primarily due to a $14.6 million one-time, non-cash loss related to the conversion of an aggregate principal amount of $64.2 million of Merrimack’s convertible notes in April 2016 as well as interest incurred on its senior secured notes that were issued in December 2015; and
Net loss attributable to Merrimack for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $151.7 million, or $1.21 per share, compared to a net loss attributable to Merrimack of $148.0 million, or $1.33 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The following summarizes Merrimack’s financial results from the quarter ended December 31, 2016:

Product revenues from the commercial sale of ONIVYDE, net of discounts, allowances and reserves, were $15.8 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2016, compared to $14.5 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2016. This represents an increase of $1.3 million, or 9%, over the prior quarter;
License and collaboration revenues were $44.1 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2016, compared to $12.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2016. This $31.7 million increase is primarily due to the achievement of $30.0 million of substantive milestones during the fourth quarter under Merrimack’s license and collaboration agreement with Shire;
Aggregate research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses for the quarter ended December 31, 2016, when calculated in accordance with GAAP, were $79.2 million compared to $50.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2016. This represents an increase of $29.1 million, or 58%. The majority of this increase was related to $25.5 million of milestone payments owed to PharmaEngine in the fourth quarter of 2016;
Restructuring expenses were $5.0 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2016; and
Net loss attributable to Merrimack for the quarter ended December 31, 2016 was $32.4 million, or $0.25 per share, compared to a net loss attributable to Merrimack of $30.1 million, or $0.23 per share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2016.
A table reconciling aggregate research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding milestone payments to PharmaEngine, a non-GAAP financial measure, to aggregate research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses calculated in accordance with GAAP is included at the end of this press release.

2017 Financial Outlook

Upon the closing of the asset sale, Merrimack will receive a $575.0 million upfront cash payment from Ipsen (subject to a working capital adjustment as provided in the asset purchase and sale agreement). Merrimack expects to use these proceeds to declare and pay a special cash dividend of at least $200.0 million to stockholders and use an additional $195.1 million to redeem its senior secured notes. Additionally, if the asset sale is consummated and certain milestones are met with Shire, Merrimack expects to receive up to an aggregate of $33.0 million in net milestone payments in 2017. Merrimack believes that these potential cash inflows, along with the completion of the headcount reduction and refocused research and development efforts that were announced in January 2017, will provide financial resources sufficient to fund its operations into the second half of 2019.