On October 25, 2017 Incyte Corporation (NASDAQ:INCY) and MacroGenics, Inc. (NASDAQ:MGNX) reported that the companies have entered into an exclusive global collaboration and license agreement for MacroGenics’ MGA012, an investigational monoclonal antibody that inhibits programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (Press release, Incyte, OCT 25, 2017, View Source [SID1234521150]). Incyte has obtained exclusive worldwide rights for the development and commercialization of MGA012 in all indications, while MacroGenics retains the right to develop its pipeline assets in combination with MGA012.

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“Anti-PD-1 therapy is becoming a mainstay of cancer treatment across multiple tumor types, and we believe the addition of MGA012 to our clinical pipeline is important to fulfilling our long-term development strategy in immuno-oncology. This collaboration with MacroGenics will allow us to rapidly explore the potential clinical benefit of developing MGA012 as a monotherapy and also combining anti-PD-1 therapy with several of our existing portfolio assets,” said Steven Stein, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Incyte.

“We believe Incyte is the ideal partner for MGA012, given its immuno-oncology portfolio and dedication to researching and developing innovative and transformative cancer therapies and we hope that the combined resources of both companies will be able to significantly expand and accelerate the current development efforts for this promising molecule,” said Scott Koenig, M.D., Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of MacroGenics. “Furthermore, we look forward to exploring the combination of MGA012 with multiple molecules in our own portfolio, including DART molecules for redirected T-cell killing, antibodies with enhanced effector function and ADCs, potentially to provide improved patient benefit.”

Enrollment in the dose escalation portion of the Phase 1 study of MGA012 has been completed and the molecule is currently being evaluated as monotherapy across four solid tumor types in the dose expansion portion of the study. Data from the dose escalation portion of the Phase 1 study have been accepted for poster presentation at the upcoming Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) (Free SITC Whitepaper) 32nd Annual Meeting in November 2017.

Terms of the Collaboration
Upon closing, Incyte will pay MacroGenics an upfront payment of $150 million. Incyte will receive worldwide rights to develop and commercialize MGA012 in all indications.

Per the terms of the collaboration, MacroGenics will also be eligible to receive up to $420 million in potential development and regulatory milestones, and up to $330 million in potential commercial milestones. If MGA012 is approved and commercialized, MacroGenics would be eligible to receive royalties, tiered from 15 percent to 24 percent, on future sales of MGA012 by Incyte.

Under the terms of the collaboration, Incyte will lead global development of MGA012. MacroGenics retains the right to develop its pipeline assets in combination with MGA012, with Incyte commercializing MGA012 and MacroGenics commercializing its asset(s), if any such potential combinations are approved.

In addition, MacroGenics retains the right to manufacture a portion of both companies’ global clinical and commercial supply needs of MGA012. MacroGenics intends to utilize its commercial-scale GMP facility, which is expected to be fully operational in 2018.

The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2017, subject to the early termination or expiration of any applicable waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act and customary closing conditions.

On October 25, 2017 Atossa Genetics Inc. (NASDAQ:ATOS), a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics and delivery methods for breast cancer and other breast conditions, reported preliminary results from its Phase 1 study of its proprietary oral Endoxifen (Press release, Atossa Genetics, OCT 25, 2017, View Source [SID1234521149]). All objectives were successfully met:

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– Safety: There were no clinically significant safety signals and no clinically significant adverse events in participants receiving oral Endoxifen.

– Tolerability: Oral Endoxifen was well tolerated at each dose level and for the dosing duration utilized in the study.

– Pharmacokinetics: Oral Endoxifen demonstrated blood levels that have been associated with a therapeutic effect in the adjuvant setting in women with breast cancer.
These data demonstrate the suitability of oral Endoxifen for further clinical development.

The Phase 1 Study

The Phase 1 study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeat dose study of 48 healthy female subjects. Atossa assessed safety, tolerability and the pharmacokinetics of proprietary formulations of both topical and oral Endoxifen dosage forms in varying dose levels over 28 days. The study was conducted in two parts based on route of administration. Preliminary results from the topical arm of the study were announced on September 14, 2017.

Atossa’s Proprietary Endoxifen

Endoxifen is an active metabolite of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is an FDA-approved drug to prevent new breast cancer as well as recurrent breast cancer in breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen is a “pro-drug” meaning that it must be broken down by the liver into active compounds (metabolites), of which Endoxifen is the most active. It is these active metabolites that have the therapeutic effect.

Oral Endoxifen. Although approximately one million breast cancer survivors take tamoxifen annually, up to half of them do not fully benefit from tamoxifen, meaning they are “refractory,” for a number of reasons including that they do not properly metabolize tamoxifen into its active metabolites. Low endoxifen levels in breast cancer patients taking oral tamoxifen are associated with an increased risk of recurrence or the development of new breast tumors. Thus providing oral Endoxifen directly to the patient without having to be metabolized may help to address this problem.

Topical Endoxifen. A condition called breast density (or, MBD), typically diagnosed by a mammogram, has been shown to be an independent breast cancer risk factor. To date, 30 states require that findings of MBD be directly communicated to the patient. We believe a topical form of Endoxifen could potentially reduce MBD. Although oral tamoxifen has been shown to reduce MBD, the benefit-cost ratio is not acceptable to most physicians and their patients. For example, it is estimated that less than 5% of women at an increased risk of developing breast cancer including those with MBD take oral tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer because of the risk of, or actual side-effects of, oral tamoxifen. We are planning a Phase 2 study of topical Endoxifen in Stockholm, Sweden for the treatment of MBD.

Based on the number of women with MBD and the number of patients who have survived breast cancer but are not fully benefiting from tamoxifen, Atossa estimates that the potential markets for its proprietary oral and topical formulations of Endoxifen could potentially exceed $1 billion in annual sales.

Next Steps

“Based on these positive preliminary results, we are advancing our oral Endoxifen into Phase 2 studies,” commented Dr. Steven C. Quay, CEO and President. “We expect our initial Phase 2 study will be in women who are refractory to tamoxifen and we expect to begin that study in the first quarter of 2018,” continued Dr. Quay.

Breast Cancer Statistics

The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that approximately 250,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States this year and that approximately 40,000 will die from the disease. It is the second leading cause of cancer death in American women. Although about 100 times less common than women, breast cancer also affects men. The ACS estimates that the lifetime risk of men getting breast cancer is about 1 in 1,000; 2,470 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed; and 460 men will die from breast cancer in 2017.

Conference Call

Atossa Genetics will host a conference call to discuss preliminary results today at 10 am Eastern time.

To listen to the call by phone, interested parties within the U.S. should call 1-844-824-3830, International callers should call 1-412-317-5140 and Canadian callers should call 1-855-669-9657. All callers should ask for the Atossa Genetics conference call. The conference call will also be available through a live webcast at www.atossagenetics.com. Details for the webcast may be found on the Company’s IR events page at View Source

A replay of the call will be available approximately one hour after the end of the call through November 24, 2017. The replay can be accessed via Atossa’s website or by dialing 877-344-7529 (domestic) or 412-317-0088 (international) or Canada Toll Free at 855-669-9658. The replay conference ID number is 10113835.

On October 25, 2017 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (TOKYO: 4519) reported that it filed an application with the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for the approval of anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal antibody, "Perjeta I.V. Infusion 420mg/14mL [generic name: pertuzumab (genetical recombination)] (hereafter, Perjeta)" for the additional indication of adjuvant therapy for HER2-positive early breast cancer (Press release, Chugai, OCT 25, 2017, View Source [SID1234521138]).

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"Currently, adjuvant chemotherapy with Herceptin for HER2-positive early breast cancer has been recommended in the clinical practice guidelines for breast cancer and has contributed to patients," said Dr. Yasushi Ito, Chugai’s Senior Vice President, Head of Project & Lifecycle Management Unit. "We are going to continue discussions with the health authorities so that adjuvant chemotherapy using Perjeta in combination with Herceptin, which has outperformed the current standard of care, will be used as a new treatment option for patients."

Chugai filed the application with the MHLW based on the results from the APHINITY study (Adjuvant Pertuzumab and Herceptin IN Initial TherapY in Breast Cancer) and several clinical studies. The APHINITY study is an international, phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Perjeta plus Herceptin and chemotherapy (anthracycline medicine followed by docetaxel monotherapy / docetaxel plus carboplatin) compared to Herceptin and chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy in 4,805 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who undergone curative surgery. The primary endpoint of the APHINITY study is invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), which is defined as the time a patient lives without return of invasive breast cancer at any site or death from any cause after adjuvant treatment. The secondary endpoints were cardiac and overall safety, and other endpoints.

The results of the APHINITY study are as follows:

– At three years, iDFS, the primary endpoint, was 94.1% in the Perjeta arm and 93.2% in the control arm, and a statistically significant improvement was observed in the Perjeta arm. Perjeta arm significantly reduced the risk of recurrence or death by 19% compared to control arm (HR=0.81, 95%CI 0.66-1.00, stratified log-rank test, p=0.045).

– The iDFS at four years estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method showed that 92.3% (95%CI: 91.1-93.4) of people treated with the Perjeta arm did not have their breast cancer return compared to 90.6% (95%CI: 89.3-91.8) treated with control arm.

– The safety profile of Perjeta was consistent with that seen in previous studies. The incidence of cardiac events was 0.7% in the Perjeta arm and 0.3% in the control arm.

In the US and Europe, Perjeta is under review for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer, and the US Food and Drug Administration has granted Priority Review to Perjeta for this indication. Perjeta was approved for adjuvant therapy (before surgery) for HER2-positive early breast cancer in September 2013 in the US and in July 2015 in Europe.

As the top pharmaceutical company in the field of oncology in Japan, Chugai will work for early approval to provide Perjeta as a new treatment option for patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer.

On October 25, 2017 United Therapeutics Corporation (NASDAQ: UTHR) reported its financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2017 (Press release, United Therapeutics, OCT 25, 2017, View Source [SID1234521167]).

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“Our third quarter net revenues totaled $446 million,” said Martine Rothblatt, Ph.D., United Therapeutics Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. “In addition, Orenitram’s third quarter net revenues grew 29%, as compared to the same period in the prior year, resulting in two consecutive quarters of greater than 20% net revenue growth for this product. This further confirms our belief in the organic growth opportunity of Orenitram, which is the only true oral prostacyclin analog therapy for the large and increasing number of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. We also continued to invest in our growing pipeline of late stage programs in cardiopulmonary diseases and oncology, including the initial enrollment of patients into our phase III DISTINCT study of dinutuximab in small cell lung cancer, and our SOUTHPAW study of Orenitram in patients with WHO Group 2 pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart failure. Finally, we have continued to invest in our regenerative medicine and organ manufacturing programs to ultimately find a cure for PAH and other end-stage organ diseases.”

Key financial highlights include (dollars in millions, except per share data):

Three Months Ended
September 30,

Percentage



2017

2016

Changes









Revenues

$
445.5

$
408.2

9
%
Net income

$
276.3

$
161.8

71
%
Non-GAAP earnings(1)

$
206.9

$
195.6

6
%
Net income, per diluted share

$
6.27

$
3.50

79
%
Non-GAAP earnings, per diluted share(1)

$
4.69

$
4.23

11
%










(1)
See definition of non-GAAP earnings, a non-GAAP financial measure, and a reconciliation of net income to non-GAAP earnings below.
Financial Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

Revenues

The following table presents the components of total revenues (dollars in millions):



Three Months Ended
September 30,

Percentage



2017

2016

Change

Net product sales:







Remodulin


$
187.3

$
152.4

23
%
Tyvaso


88.9

101.8

(13)
%
Adcirca


99.8

96.0

4
%
Orenitram


52.5

40.7

29
%
Unituxin


17.0

17.3

(2)
%
Total revenues


$
445.5

$
408.2

9
%
Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $37.3 million as compared to the same period in 2016. The growth in revenues resulted from the following: (1) a $34.9 million increase in Remodulin net product sales; (2) an $11.8 million increase in Orenitram net product sales; and (3) a $3.8 million increase in Adcirca net product sales. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, an international distributor made a one-time purchase of Remodulin inventory of $47.4 million due to an expansion of the distributor’s commercial responsibilities. Because the payment terms span two quarters, this purchase increased our net revenues by $23.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017, with an additional increase of $23.7 million expected in the fourth quarter. These increases were partially offset by a $12.9 million decrease in Tyvaso net product sales and a $0.3 million decrease in Unituxin net product sales. $12.2 million of the decrease in Tyvaso net product sales was due to an additional one-time $12.2 million liability for estimated Medicaid rebates relating to Tyvaso sales prior to July 1, 2017 that we recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Expenses

Cost of product sales. The following table summarizes cost of product sales by major category (dollars in millions):



Three Months Ended
September 30,

Percentage



2017

2016

Change

Category:







Cost of product sales, excluding share-based compensation


$
21.3

$
20.0

7
%
Share-based compensation (benefit) expense(1)


(1.8)

3.6

(150)
%
Total cost of product sales


$
19.5

$
23.6

(17)
%










(1)
Refer to Share-based compensation (benefit) expense below for discussion.
Research and development expense. The following table summarizes research and development expense by major category (dollars in millions):



Three Months Ended
September 30,

Percentage



2017

2016

Change

Category:







Research and development, excluding share-based compensation


$
62.0

$
37.2

67
%
Share-based compensation (benefit) expense(1)


(7.0)

8.7

(180)
%
Total research and development expense


$
55.0

$
45.9

20
%










(1)
Refer to Share-based compensation (benefit) expense below for discussion.
Research and development, excluding share-based compensation. The increase in research and development expense of $24.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was driven by the expansion of our pipeline programs to treat cardiopulmonary diseases and cancer and to develop technologies in organ manufacturing. Research and development expense for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases increased by $14.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to increased spending on several clinical and non-clinical studies, including FREEDOM-EV, INCREASE and SOUTHPAW, and on the development of new drug products, including RemoPro, and drug delivery devices, including the RemoSynch and RemUnity systems. Research and development expenses for cancer-related projects increased by $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, driven by an increase in spending on the DISTINCT study. Research and development expenses for our organ manufacturing projects increased by $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to increased preclinical work on technologies designed to increase the supply and distribution of transplantable organs and tissues.

Selling, general and administrative expense. The following table summarizes selling, general and administrative expense by major category (dollars in millions):



Three Months Ended
September 30,

Percentage



2017

2016

Change

Category:







General and administrative, excluding share-based compensation


$
46.6

$
42.4

10
%
Sales and marketing, excluding share-based compensation


15.8

20.1

(21)
%
Share-based compensation (benefit) expense(1)


(15.2)

37.6

(140)
%
Total selling, general and administrative expense


$
47.2

$
100.1

(53)
%










(1)
Refer to Share-based compensation (benefit) expense below for discussion.
General and administrative, excluding share-based compensation. The increase in general and administrative expense of $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was driven by a $2.7 million increase in legal fees incurred in connection with intellectual property litigation and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) investigation of our support of 501(c)(3) organizations that provide financial assistance to patients.

Sales and marketing, excluding share-based compensation. The decrease in sales and marketing expense of $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was driven by a $3.7 million decrease in compensation and related costs associated with the 2016 consolidation of our sales and marketing staff.

Share-based compensation (benefit) expense. The following table summarizes share-based compensation (benefit) expense by major category (dollars in millions):



Three Months Ended
September 30,

Percentage



2017

2016

Change

Category:







Share tracking awards plan


$
(38.0)

$
45.8

(183)
%
Stock options


13.1

3.3

297
%
Other(1)


0.9

0.8

13
%
Total share-based compensation (benefit) expense


$
(24.0)

$
49.9

(148)
%










(1)
Includes expense related to restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan.
Share tracking awards plan. We re-measure the fair value of share tracking awards at the end of each financial reporting period. Changes in the share tracking award liability resulting from such re-measurements are recorded as adjustments to share-based compensation (benefit) expense. Decreases in our stock price will generally result in a reduction in the share tracking award liability.

Income Tax Expense

The provision for income taxes was $44.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to $77.3 million for the same period in 2016. The provision for income taxes is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate for the entire year. The estimated annual effective tax rate is subject to adjustment in subsequent quarterly periods if components used to estimate the annual effective tax rate are updated or revised. Our effective tax rate as of September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, was approximately 37 percent and approximately 32 percent, respectively. Our 2017 effective tax rate increased compared to 2016 primarily due to expenses that do not meet the criteria for tax deductibility.

Share Repurchase

In April 2017, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program, authorizing up to $250.0 million in aggregate repurchases of our common stock. Pursuant to this authorization, in May 2017 we paid $250.0 million to enter into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (ASR) with Citibank, N.A. (Citibank). Pursuant to the terms of the ASR, in June 2017 Citibank delivered to us approximately 1.7 million shares of our common stock, representing the minimum number of shares we were entitled to receive under the ASR. The ASR was originally scheduled to terminate during the fourth quarter of 2017; however, in September 2017 Citibank notified us of its election to accelerate the termination date of the contract to September 8, 2017. Upon termination of the ASR, Citibank delivered to us approximately 0.3 million additional shares of our common stock.

Non-GAAP Earnings

Non-GAAP earnings is defined as net income, adjusted for: (1) share-based compensation (benefit) expense, net (including expenses relating to stock options, share tracking awards, restricted stock units and our employee stock purchase plan); (2) extraordinary, non-recurring and unusual items; and (3) tax impact on non-GAAP earnings adjustments.

A reconciliation of net income to non-GAAP earnings is presented in the following table (in millions, except per share data):



Three Months Ended
September 30,



2017

2016

Net income, as reported

$
276.3

$
161.8

Adjusted for:





Share-based compensation (benefit) expense, net(1)


(24.0)

49.9

Estimated loss contingency(1)


0.9

—

Impairment of cost method investments(2)


3.1

—

Tax benefit (expense)(1)(3)


(49.4)

(16.1)

Non-GAAP earnings

$
206.9

$
195.6

Non-GAAP earnings per share:





Basic


$
4.77

$
4.53

Diluted


$
4.69

$
4.23

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:





Basic


43.4

43.2

Diluted


44.1

46.2









(1)
We calculated the total tax impact of non-discrete quarterly non-GAAP earnings adjustments based on our estimated annual effective tax rates, before considering discrete items, of approximately 33 percent and approximately 32 percent for each of the quarters ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(2)
This non-GAAP earnings adjustment is currently not considered tax deductible.
(3)
The tax benefit (expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 includes $57.0 million of benefit for the estimated loss contingency recognized during the second quarter of 2017 relating to the DOJ investigation of our support of 501(c)(3) organizations that provide financial assistance to patients.