On March 30, 2023 Fortress Biotech, Inc. (Nasdaq: FBIO) ("Fortress"), an innovative biopharmaceutical company focused on efficiently acquiring, developing and commercializing or monetizing promising therapeutic products and product candidates, reported financial results and recent corporate highlights for the full-year ended December 31, 2022 (Press release, Fortress Biotech, MAR 30, 2023, View Source [SID1234629603]).
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Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D., Fortress’ Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, said, "In 2022, we continued to advance our extensive portfolio of multiple clinical-stage programs, several of which are late-stage and pivotal. We also generated record consolidated net revenues of $75.7 million, much of which came from the sales of our eight marketed dermatology products. Our growth continues in 2023, as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") accepted for filing the Biologics License Application ("BLA") for cosibelimab earlier this month and we expect to have two New Drug Applications ("NDA") submitted to the FDA for CUTX-101 for Menkes disease and DFD-29 for rosacea this year. We also anticipate multiple clinical trial initiations, data readouts and regulatory filings across our other development-stage programs. Fortress has also established 25 acquisition companies with expert opinion leaders in multiple therapeutic areas over the past year. These expert opinion leaders will continue to work with our business development team to identify, evaluate and acquire potential best-in-class therapies to form the bases of these new companies. We are focused on licensing assets with proof-of-concept clinical data available in areas with high unmet medical need, which potentially lowers the development uncertainty and associated risk. Our pipeline and structure allow for flexibility and diversified exposure with many product candidates and potentially long-term revenue streams. We expect to achieve multiple milestones this year, and we are confident in our long-term growth prospects as we continue to scale."
2022 and Recent Corporate Highlights1:
Marketed Dermatology Products and Product Candidates
● Journey Medical Corporation (Nasdaq: DERM) ("Journey Medical"), our partner company, currently markets eight prescription dermatology products.
● Journey Medical’s total net revenues were $73.7 million for the full-year 2022, which includes $71.0 million from their commercial portfolio, compared to full-year 2021 total net revenues of $63.1 million, representing growth of 17%.
● In January 2023, Journey Medical completed enrollment in its DFD-29 Phase 3 clinical program for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Topline data from the two DFD-29 Phase 3 clinical studies are expected to be announced in the first half of 2023. Journey Medical plans to submit the NDA for DFD-29 in the second half of 2023 and an FDA approval decision is anticipated in the second half of 2024.
o
In the Phase 2 clinical trials, DFD-29 (40mg) demonstrated nearly double the efficacy when compared against Oraycea (European equivalent of Oracea) on both co-primary endpoints. For the first co-primary endpoint, Investigator’s Global Assessment ("IGA") treatment success, Oraycea had a 33.33% IGA treatment success rate, while DFD-29 achieved a 66.04% IGA treatment success rate. For the second co-primary endpoint, the change in total inflammatory lesion count, Oraycea had a 10.5 reduction in inflammatory lesions, while DFD-29 achieved a 19.2 reduction in inflammatory lesions.
Cosibelimab (Anti PD-L1 antibody)
● Our partner company, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: CKPT) ("Checkpoint"), submitted a BLA to the FDA for cosibelimab, its investigational anti-PD-L1 antibody, as a treatment for patients with metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ("cSCC") who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation, in January 2023. In March 2023, the FDA accepted for filing the BLA for cosibelimab and set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act ("PDUFA") goal date of January 3, 2024. In its BLA filing acceptance letter, the FDA indicated that no potential filing review issues have been identified, and that an advisory committee meeting to discuss the application is not currently planned. According to U.S. prescription claims data, in 2021, approximately 11,000 cSCC patients were treated with systemic therapies. As PD-1 inhibitors comprised less than half of patient prescriptions, cSCC remains a disease with a need for more effective and tolerable treatment options, particularly for the significant number of cSCC patients with immunosuppressive conditions or autoimmune diseases. With its unique mechanism of action and compelling safety profile, we believe cosibelimab, if approved, would be uniquely positioned to provide an important new treatment option for cSCC patients that are currently underserved by available therapies.
● In January 2022, Checkpoint announced positive topline results from its registration-enabling clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the anti-PD-L1 antibody, cosibelimab, administered as a fixed dose of 800 mg every two weeks in patients with metastatic cSCC. The study met its primary endpoint, with cosibelimab demonstrating a confirmed objective response rate ("ORR") of 47.4% (95% CI: 36.0, 59.1) based on independent central review of 78 patients enrolled in the metastatic cSCC cohort using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria.
● In June 2022, we announced that the topline results of Checkpoint’s pivotal trial of cosibelimab in metastatic cSCC were presented at the 2022 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Annual Meeting. Data highlights included confirmed ORR by independent central review in the modified intent-to-treat
1 The development programs depicted in this press release include product candidates in development at Fortress, at Fortress’ private subsidiaries (referred to herein as "subsidiaries"), at Fortress’ public subsidiaries (referred to herein as "partner companies") and at entities with whom one of the foregoing parties has a significant business relationship, such as an exclusive license or an ongoing product-related payment obligation (such entities referred to herein as "partners"). The words "we", "us" and "our" may refer to Fortress individually, to one or more of our subsidiaries and/or partner companies, or to all such entities as a group, as dictated by context.
population of 48.7% (95% CI, 37.0-60.4) and 13.2% of patients achieved a complete response in target lesions. Cosibelimab was generally well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.
● Also in June 2022, we announced positive interim results from Checkpoint’s pivotal trial of cosibelimab in locally advanced cSCC. As of the March 2022 data cutoff, the confirmed ORR by independent central review in 31 patients was 54.8% (95% CI: 36.0, 72.7).
● In July 2022, Checkpoint successfully completed two pre-BLA meetings with the FDA (chemistry, manufacturing and controls ("CMC") and clinical/non-clinical). Based upon favorable interactions with the agency, the January 2023 BLA submission included both the metastatic and locally advanced cSCC indications.
● Cosibelimab was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Checkpoint.
Dotinurad (Urate Transporter (URAT1) Inhibitor)
● In May 2022, our subsidiary company Urica Therapeutics, Inc. ("Urica") initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate dotinurad in healthy volunteers in the United States. Dotinurad is in development for the treatment of gout. We anticipate topline data from the Phase 1 trial in the first half of 2023 and expect to be in pivotal clinical trials in early 2024.
● Dotinurad (URECE tablet) was approved in Japan in 2020 as a once-daily oral therapy for gout and hyperuricemia. Dotinurad was efficacious and well-tolerated in more than 500 Japanese patients treated for up to 58 weeks in Phase 3 clinical trials. The clinical program supporting approval included over 1,000 patients.
● In October 2022, Urica strengthened its leadership team by appointing Jay D. Kranzler, M.D., Ph.D., as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Vibeke Strand, M.D., MACR, FACP, Adjunct Clinical Professor, Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, to Urica’s Board of Directors.
● In December 2022, Urica expanded its exclusive license agreement with Fuji Yakuhin Co. Ltd. ("Fuji") for the development of dotinurad to include the Middle East and North Africa and Turkey territories. The agreement builds upon the exclusive license agreement between Urica and Fuji previously announced in May 2021 to develop dotinurad in the United States, United Kingdom, European Union and Canada.
● Dotinurad was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Urica.
MB-106 (CD20-targeted CAR T Cell Therapy)
● In June 2022, we announced that the FDA granted Orphan Drug Designation to MB-106 for the treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia ("WM"), a rare type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma ("B-NHL"). Our partner company Mustang Bio, Inc. (Nasdaq: MBIO) ("Mustang Bio"), which is developing MB-106, plans to treat additional WM patients in the Mustang Bio-sponsored Phase 1 portion of its multicenter trial to potentially support an accelerated Phase 2 strategy for WM.
● In October 2022, we announced that the first patient was treated in Mustang Bio’s multicenter, open-label, non-randomized Phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of MB-106, for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-NHL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia ("CLL"). In 2023, Mustang Bio anticipates dose escalation and reporting response data at major medical meetings.
● Additionally, in October 2022, we shared interim data from 28 patients treated in the ongoing Phase 1/2 investigator-sponsored clinical trial at Fred Hutch.
o An ORR of 96% and complete response ("CR") rate of 75% were observed in a wide range of hematologic malignancies including follicular lymphoma, CLL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and WM. Twelve patients have experienced CR for more than 12 months (10 ongoing), including four patients with CR for more than two years and the longest patient with CR at 33 months. Six patients with initial partial response at 28 days post-treatment improved to CR and all remain in ongoing CR. All three patients previously treated with CD19 CAR T cell therapy responded to treatment with MB-106.
o A favorable safety profile for MB-106 as an outpatient therapy remains, with no cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome ≥ Grade 3 reported to date on this trial.
● MB-106 continues to generate compelling safety and efficacy data, and the product profile of this autologous CD20-directed CAR T is favorable compared to the approved autologous CD19-directed CAR Ts, which are generating an annualized run rate of $3 billion in net sales, based on reported sales in the third quarter of 2022.
● MB-106 was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Mustang Bio.
CUTX-101 (Copper Histidinate for Menkes disease)
● Our subsidiary, Cyprium Therapeutics, Inc. ("Cyprium") has completed two pivotal studies in patients with Menkes disease treated with CUTX-101, copper histidinate (CuHis). In the studies, a 79% reduction in risk of death was observed in patients treated within four weeks of birth compared with an untreated historical control cohort of patients, and median overall survival (OS) was 177.1 for CUTX-101 compared to 16.1 months historical control, with a hazard ratio (HR) of (95% CI) = 0.208 (0.094, 0.463) p<0.0001. A 75% reduction in the risk of death was also observed in patients treated after four weeks of birth compared with untreated historical control subjects and median OS was 62.4 and 17.6 months, respectively; HR (95% CI) = 0.253 (0.119, 0.537); p<0.0001.
● In 2021, our subsidiary Cyprium signed a Development and Asset Purchase Agreement with Sentynl Therapeutics, Inc. ("Sentynl"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., for CUTX-101 to treat Menkes disease. Cyprium is responsible for the development of CUTX-101 and Sentynl will be responsible for commercialization of CUTX-101, as well as progressing newborn screening activities.
● In December 2021, Cyprium initiated the rolling submission of an NDA to the FDA for CUTX-101, which is ongoing and expected to be completed in 2023.
● In March 2022, Cyprium announced positive data on CUTX-101 were presented as a "Top-Rated Abstract" and poster at the 2022 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Clinical Genetics Meeting. The abstract can be viewed here.
● Cyprium will retain 100% ownership over any FDA priority review voucher that may be issued at NDA approval for CUTX-101.
● CUTX-101 was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Cyprium.
CAEL-101 (Light Chain Fibril-reactive Monoclonal Antibody for AL Amyloidosis)
● On October 5, 2021, AstraZeneca plc ("AstraZeneca") acquired Caelum Biosciences, Inc. ("Caelum") for an upfront payment of approximately $150 million paid to Caelum shareholders, of which approximately $56.9 million was paid to Fortress, net of Fortress’ $6.4 million portion of the $15 million, 24-month escrow holdback amount and other miscellaneous transaction expenses. The agreement also provides for additional potential payments to Caelum shareholders totaling up to $350 million, payable upon the achievement of regulatory and commercial milestones. Fortress is eligible to receive 42.4% of all potential milestone payments, which together with the upfront payment, would total up to approximately $212 million.
● There are two ongoing Phase 3 studies of CAEL-101 for AL amyloidosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT04512235 and NCT04504825).2
● AstraZeneca has estimated that it expects the FDA to accept its BLA submission for review during calendar year 2024.
● CAEL-101 (anselamimab) was sourced by Fortress and was developed by Caelum (founded by Fortress) until its acquisition by AstraZeneca in October 2021.
2 Information on clinicaltrials.gov does not constitute part of this release.
Triplex (Cytomegalovirus ("CMV") vaccine)
● We expect that the Phase 2 clinical trial of Triplex for adults co-infected with HIV and CMV will complete enrollment in the second half of 2023 with topline data anticipated in 2024. The study aims to show potential reduction in intensity of highly active antiretroviral therapy treatment (HAART) which is used in up to 1.7 million treated HIV patients.
● In August 2022, we announced that Triplex received a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases that could provide over $20 million in non-dilutive funding. This will fund a 420 patient multi-center, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase 2 study of Triplex for control of CMV in patients undergoing liver transplantation and is expected to begin enrollment this year. The company believes this data set could ultimately be used to support approval of Triplex in this setting.
● Triplex is currently the subject of four clinical trials including: adults undergoing stem cell transplant; adults co-infected with CMV and HIV; and in combination with a CAR T cell therapy for adults with NHL.
● Triplex was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at our subsidiary company, Helocyte, Inc.
AJ201
● In March 2023, we announced that our partner company, Avenue Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ATXI) ("Avenue"), entered into an exclusive license agreement with AnnJi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. for intellectual property related to AJ201, a first-in-class clinical asset currently in a Phase 1b/2a study in the U.S. for the treatment of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy ("SBMA"), also known as Kennedy’s Disease. Kennedy’s Disease is a debilitating rare genetic neuromuscular disease primarily affecting men. Although there is a range of cited prevalence rates in the literature, a recent study used genetic analysis to estimate disease prevalence of 1:6,887 males3.
● AJ201 was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Avenue.
IV Tramadol
● In September 2022, our partner company Avenue received the official meeting minutes from the FDA regarding a meeting conducted in August 2022, for IV Tramadol. At the meeting, Avenue presented a study design for a single safety clinical trial that Avenue believes could address the concerns regarding risks related to opioid stacking. The FDA stated that the proposed study design appears reasonable and agreed on various study design aspects with the expectation that additional feedback would be provided to Avenue upon review of a more detailed study protocol. Avenue incorporated the FDA’s suggestions from the meeting minutes and submitted a detailed study protocol that could form the basis for the submission of a complete response to the second Complete Response Letter for IV Tramadol.
● In March 2023, Avenue participated in a Type C meeting with the FDA to discuss the proposed study protocol to assess the risk of respiratory depression related to opioid stacking on IV Tramadol relative to an approved opioid analgesic.
● IV Tramadol was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Avenue.
In vivo CAR T Platform Technology
● We continue to collaborate with the Mayo Clinic to potentially revolutionize the delivery of CAR T in patients. The technology has the potential to generate CAR T cells within the patient’s body after two outpatient injections, without the need for traditional ex vivo allogeneic or autologous CAR T cell processing wait time and expense.
● We anticipate the publication of proof-of-concept research from in vivo animal studies in 2023.
3 M. Zanovello et al., Unexpected frequency of the pathogenic ARCAG repeat 2 expansion in the general population. Brain, in press (2023).
● The novel CAR T technology was sourced by Fortress and is currently in development at Mustang Bio.
General Corporate:
Fortress
● In April 2022, Fortress participated in a two-day summit hosted by the B. Riley Securities’ Healthcare Equity Research team that featured multiple programs from Fortress’ diversified pipeline. Webcast replays are available on Fortress’ website here. Information on our website does not constitute part of this press release.
● In July 2022, we announced that David Jin, who has served as Vice President of Corporate Development since May 2020, was also appointed as Chief Financial Officer effective August 16, 2022.
● In December 2022, Fortress appointed Lucy Lu to its Board of Directors.
● In February 2023, Fortress completed a registered direct offering priced At-the-Market under Nasdaq rules for total gross proceeds of approximately $13.9 million, and a concurrent private placement with investors in the registered direct offering for the pro rata rights to acquire, in the aggregate, securities exercisable into common stock in certain future operating subsidiaries that consummate a specified corporate development transaction within the next five years.
Financial Results:
To assist our stockholders in understanding our company, we have prepared non-GAAP financial metrics for the three months and 12 months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. These metrics exclude the operations of our four public partner companies: Avenue, Checkpoint, Journey Medical and Mustang Bio, as well as any one-time, non-recurring, non-cash transactions. The goal in providing these non-GAAP financial metrics is to highlight the financial results of Fortress’ core operations, which are comprised of our privately held development-stage entities, as well as our business development and finance functions.
● As of December 31, 2022, Fortress’ consolidated cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $181.0 million, compared to $210.6 million as of September 30, 2022, and $308.0 million as of December 31, 2021, a decrease of $29.6 million for the fourth quarter and a decrease of $127.0 million for the full year.
● On a GAAP basis, Fortress’ net revenue totaled $75.7 million for the full year ended December 31, 2022, which included $71.0 million in net revenue generated from our marketed dermatology products. This compares to net revenue totaling $68.8 million for the full year ended 2021, which included $63.1 million in net revenue generated from our marketed dermatology products.
● On a GAAP basis, consolidated research and development expenses including license acquisitions totaled $134.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $128.9 million for the full year ended December 31, 2021. On a non-GAAP basis, research and development costs including research and development license acquisitions totaled $11.3 million for the full year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $18.0 million for the full year ended December 31, 2021.
● On a GAAP basis, consolidated selling, general and administrative costs were $113.7 million for the full year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $86.8 million for the full year ended December 31, 2021. On a non-GAAP basis, selling, general and administrative expenses were $30.6 million for the full year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $28.6 for the full year ended December 31, 2021.
● On a GAAP basis, consolidated net loss attributable to common stockholders was $(86.6) million, or $(0.97) per share, for the full year ended December 31, 2022, compared to net loss attributable to common stockholders of $(64.7) million, or $(0.79) per share for the full year ended December 31, 2021.
● Fortress’ non-GAAP loss attributable to common stockholders was $(29.2) million, or $(0.33) per share, for the full year ended December 31, 2022, compared to Fortress’ non-GAAP income attributable to common stockholders of $25.5 million, or $0.31 per share basic and $0.25 per share
diluted, for the full year ended December 31, 2021. In 2021, Fortress received initial proceeds from the AstraZeneca acquisition of Caelum.
Use of Non-GAAP Measures:
In addition to the GAAP financial measures as presented in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including our Form 10-K to be filed on March 31, 2023, the Company, in this press release, has included certain non-GAAP measurements. The non-GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders is defined by the Company as GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders, less net losses attributable to common stockholders from our public partner companies Avenue, Checkpoint, Journey Medical and Mustang Bio ("public partner companies"), as well as our former subsidiary, Caelum. In addition, the Company has also provided a Fortress non-GAAP loss attributable to common stockholders which is a modified EBITDA calculation that starts with the non-GAAP loss attributable to common stockholders and removes stock-based compensation expense, non-cash interest expense, amortization of licenses and debt discount, changes in fair values of investment, changes in fair value of derivative liability, and depreciation expense. The Company also provides non-GAAP research and development costs, defined as GAAP research and development costs, less research and development costs of our public partner companies and non-GAAP selling, general and administrative costs, defined as GAAP selling, general and administrative costs, less selling, general and administrative costs of our public partner companies.
Management believes each of these non-GAAP measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s performance because (i) it allows for greater transparency with respect to key measures used by management in its financial and operational decision-making; (ii) it excludes the impact of non-cash or, when specified, non-recurring items that are not directly attributable to the Company’s core operating performance and that may obscure trends in the Company’s core operating performance; and (iii) it is used by institutional investors and the analyst community to help analyze the Company’s standalone results separate from the results of its public partner companies. However, non-GAAP loss attributable to common stockholders and any other non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the corresponding measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Further, non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company and the manner in which they are calculated may differ from the non-GAAP financial measures or the calculations of the same non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies, including the Company’s competitors.
The tables below provide a reconciliation from GAAP to non-GAAP measures:
For the year ended December 31,
($ in thousands except for share and per share amounts)
2022
2021
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(86,575)
$
(64,703)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders – Avenue1
(587)
(822)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders – Checkpoint2
(11,415)
(9,313)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders – Journey Medical3
(17,107)
(36,708)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders – Mustang Bio4
(13,680)
(11,256)
Non-GAAP (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
(43,786)
$
(6,605)
Stock based compensation
12,706
10,133
Amortization of debt discount
1,532
3,914
Depreciation
385
462
Increase in fair value of investment in Caelum
—
(39,294)
Realization in Caelum investment5
—
56,860
Fortress non-GAAP (loss) income attributable to common stockholders
$
(29,163)
$
25,469
Per common share – basic and diluted:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (GAAP)
$
(0.97)
$
(0.79)
Non-GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders
$
(0.49)
$
(0.08)
Fortress non-GAAP (loss) income attributable to common stockholders
$
(0.33)
$
0.31
Fortress non-GAAP (loss) income attributable to common stockholders – diluted
$
(0.33)
$
0.25
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic
88,874,519
81,700,220
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted
88,874,519
103,604,466
1. Avenue net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $3.6 million net of non-controlling interest of $2.4 million, Master Services Agreement ("MSA") fee to Fortress of $0.1 million, financing fee and payment-in-kind ("PIK") dividend to Fortress of $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively; net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 of $3.7 million, net of non-controlling interest of $2.9 million.
2. Checkpoint net loss of $62.6 million net of NCI of $48.4 million, MSA fee to Fortress of $0.5 million, financing fee and PIK dividend to Fortress of $0.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022; and net loss of $56.7 million net of NCI of $39.2 million, MSA fee to Fortress of $0.5 million, financing fee and PIK dividend to Fortress of $1.0 million and $6.6 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021.
3. Journey Medical net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $29.6 million net of NCI of $12.5 million and tax expense recognized on a stand-alone basis of $0.1 million; and net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 of $44.0 million net of NCI of $5.7 million and tax expense recognized on a stand-alone basis of $1.6 million.
4. Mustang net loss of $77.5 million net of NCI of $60.8 million, Fortress MSA fee of $1.0 million, and Fortress financing fee and PIK dividend of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022; and net loss of $66.4 million net of NCI of $48.5 million, MSA fee to Fortress of $0.5 million and financing fee and PIK dividend to Fortress of $1.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021.
5. Proceeds received from AstraZeneca plc acquisition of Caelum Biosciences, Inc. in October 2021.
Reconciliation to non-GAAP research and development costs and non-GAAP selling, general and administrative costs
For the year ended December 31,
($ in thousands)
2022
2021
Research and development1
$
134,877
$
128,864
Less:
Research and development – Avenue2
2,388
1,254
Research and development – Checkpoint3
47,940
41,855
Research and development – Journey Medical
10,943
16,558
Research and development – Mustang Bio4
62,340
51,244
Non-GAAP research and development costs
$
11,266
$
17,953
Selling, general and administrative5
$
113,656
$
96,384
Less
General and administrative – Avenue6
5,045
2,484
General and administrative – Checkpoint7
7,782
7,005
Selling, general and administrative – Journey Medical
59,468
49,373
General and administrative – Mustang Bio8
10,795
8,883
Non-GAAP selling, general and administrative costs
$
30,566
$
28,639
1. Includes Research and development expense and Research and development – licenses acquired expense for the periods presented.
2. Excludes $42,000 of Fortress MSA expense and $0.3 million PIK dividend payable to Fortress for the year ended December 31, 2022.
3. Excludes $1.9 million and $6.6 million of PIK dividend payable to Fortress for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
4. Excludes $0.5 million of Fortress MSA expense and $1.1 million PIK dividend payable to Fortress for the year ended December 31, 2022; and excludes $0.3 million of Fortress MSA expense and $4.2 million PIK dividend payable to Fortress for the year ended December 31, 2021.
5. Includes Selling, general and administrative expenses and wire transfer fraud loss for the year ended December 31, 2021.
6. Excludes $42,000 of Fortress MSA expense and $0.3 million of Fortress financing fee for the year ended December 31, 2022.
7. Excludes $0.5 million of Fortress MSA expense and $0.4 million Fortress financing fee for the year ended December 31, 2022; and $0.5 million of Fortress MSA expense and $1.0 million Fortress financing fee for the year ended December 31, 2021.
8. Excludes $0.5 million of Fortress MSA expense and $0.9 million Fortress financing fee for the year ended December 31, 2022; and $0.3 million of Fortress MSA expense and $1.9 million Fortress financing fee for the year ended December 31, 2021.